Productivity Of White Sweet Clover In Pure And Compatible Crops With Cereal Crops Depending On Fertilization And Seeding Rate In Typical Black Soils In The Right-Bank Forest-Steppe Of Ukraine

Purpose. Study of the anatomical and morphological structure of the stem of winter wheat hybrids depending on fertilization backgrounds and seeding rates in agrocenoses of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe natural zone of Ukraine. Methods. Observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis, forecast, field experiment. Results. The study of the dynamics of formation and functioning of the anatomical and morphological structure of the stem of winter wheat plants was carried out. The influence of the background without fertilizers and against the background of their increased level of application on the length of internodes (1-3) of stems in winter wheat agrocenoses was studied. It has been proven that seeding rates significantly influenced the length of the internodes. The influence of the background of mineral nutrition and seeding rates on the main anatomical and morphological parameters of winter wheat stems, in particular, the thickness of the stem and ring of mechanical tissue, the number and diameter of vascular-fibrous bundles was studied. It was found that the strength of the straw is largely determined by the number of vascular-fibrous bundles, as well as their diameter. It was the biggest on the variants with the increased fertilization background. It is noted that anatomical and morphological studies are needed in order to ensure the development of a more durable straw, which determines high resistance to lodging at a seeding rate of 3 and 1.5 million seeds/ha. Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted studies, it was found that the soil and climatic conditions of the years of the study and the factors that were studied have a direct influence on the anatomical and morphological parameters of wheet. At the same time, the best conditions for the maximum realization of the potential of the Patros hybrid of winter wheat plants were created in the experimental variants with a seeding rate of 3 and 1.5 million seeds/ha, ensuring the development of a more durable straw, which led to a high resistance to lodging.

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IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL APPROVALS OF SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST UKRAINE

Agriculture and Forestry ◽

10.37128/2707-5826-2020-2-6 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 64-73

Author(s):

Mihaylo Polishuk ◽

Ruslan Antko

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Resource Potential ◽

The Right

The article presents the effectiveness of the influence of certain agrotechnical components of the technology of growing wheat wheat in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. The positive influence of application of foliar fertilization of crops is shown. The prospects of using the complex application of intensification elements are determined. It has been established that the optimization of the mode of power provides a more complete disclosure of the resource potential of plants, which increases yields. Reindeer nutrition should be considered as an element of supplementation to the soil nutrition system, primarily due to the fact that plants are able to absorb nutrients through the leaf surface only in limited quantities, with excess concentration of which possible burns or intoxication of plants. The use of foliar feeding on the background of the main fertilizer has been found to have a positive effect on productivity and quality. The role of the plant nutrition system, which allows to control the formation of grain productivity of spring wheat crops, is substantiated. It has been found that the optimization of the nutrition regime provides a fuller disclosure of the resource potential of the plants, thereby increasing the yield. Nutrition optimization provides more complete disclosure of plant resource potential, thereby increasing yields. It is determined that under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the level of spring wheat yield is largely determined by the amount of rainfall that has fallen during the growing season. By optimizing the wheat's nutritional conditions, its productivity increases substantially, regardless of weather and climatic conditions. The use of mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen in combination with phosphorus and potassium, can significantly improve the nutritional regime of the soil. The available nutrients of the plant are provided as a result of the mineralization of organic compounds by soil microorganisms and the transition of soluble mineral substances into solubility. This creates a more favorable environment for the growth and development of plants and for maintaining high soil fertility. At the end of the spring wheat vegetation, there was a redistribution of nitric and ammoniacal forms of nitrogen. It is advisable to continue research in this area and to deepen in connection with the emergence of new varieties, preparations and changes in climatic and soil conditions. Key words: spring wheat, yield, variety, sowing dates, seeding rate.

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Effectiveness of bio-agents in soybean

Feeds and Feed Production ◽

10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo201987-11 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 70-78

Author(s):

V. S. Zadorozhnyi ◽

V. V. Karasevych ◽

S. M. Svytko ◽

A. V. Labunets ◽

A. V. Kniaziuk

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Mineral Nutrition ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Scientific Research ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Soybean Yield ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

The Right

As a result of the scientific research (2016—2018), it was established that in the conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine it is appropriate to treat seeds with the agents Microhumin (200 mg per hectare seeding rate) + Biophosphorin (1.5 l/t) and spray crops with Gaupsin (4.0 l/ha) in the budding phase or treat seeds with Rhizobophite (2.0 l per hectare seeding rate) + Phytodoctor (1.0 l/t) and spray crops with Triсhodermine (2.0 l/ha), which ensures the rate of preserved soybean yield by 13—14 %, to improve mineral nutrition of soybean plants with nitrogen and phosphorus on gray forest soils and complex biological control of crops against major diseases, e.g. Peronospora manshurica Sydow., Septoria glycines T. Hemmi, Ascochyta sojaecola Abramov., and pests, e.g. Etiella zinckenella Tr., Adelphocoris linearolatus Goeze.

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Changes in organic part of the soil and acid-base balance depending on green manure fertilization in podzolized chernozem

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp3.02.011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 11-18

Author(s):

G. Hospodarenko ◽

O. Lysianskyi

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Sweet Clover ◽

White Mustard ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Oilseed Radish ◽

Bare Fallow ◽

The Impact

Aim. To study the changes in the content and stock of organic substances as well as the reaction of the soil en- vironment depending on the impact of different types of fertilization of green-manured fallows. Methods. Field studies were conducted on podzolized heavy loamy chernozem, on loess, in conditions of Right-Bank Forest- Steppe of Ukraine. Experimental design included: sweet clover with the seeding rate of 20 kg/ha, white mustard – 20, oilseed radish – 20, spring vetch – 150, and buckwheat – 150 kg/ha with the following fertilization variants: no fertilizers – control; N 40 ; P 40 K 40 ; N 40 K 40 ; N 40 P 40 ; N 40 P 40 K 40 ; N 80 P 40 K 40 . The content of total carbon and nitrogen were defi ned using Anstett’s method, modifi ed by Ponomariova and Nikolaeva; the content of total humus in the soil prior to sowing winter wheat (the impact of green manure for a year) – according to DSTU 4289:2004, pH of the water extract – according to DSTU ISO 10390:2007. Results. Nitrogen-carbon ratio was in the range from 11.1 to 11.8 in the biomass of leguminous crops and from 18.8 to 20.7 – in root remains, and its highest value was observed in root remains of Brassicaceae crops – from 28.8 to 34.5 depending on doses and types of mineral fertilizers. Compared to bare fallow, green manure fertilization promotes humus preservation in the soil. The de- crease in the level of humus intension of the soil by 0.01–0.04 % was registered both in the surface and subsurface layers in conditions of bare fallow compared to green-manured fallow. 1.67 t/ha of humus is mineralized in the soil of bare fallow. The transformation of green manure biomass allows accumulating 1.15–2.05 t/ha of humus depending on doses and types of mineral fertilizers. When the Cruciferae family (white mustard and oilseed rad- ish) are used as green manure, the isohumus index is 1.52–1.55, 1.67–1.69 – for the Leguminosae (annual sweet clover and spring vetch), and 1.52–1.60 – for buckwheat, depending on fertilization. The humifi cation coeffi cient for vegetative biomass of oilseed radish is 0.023, for spring vetch – 0.027, for buckwheat – 0.033, for white mustard – 0.035, and for annual sweet clover – 0.036. The administration of different doses and types of mineral fertilizers conditions the decrease in the coeffi cient of green manure fertilization. Conclusions. The application of green manure both with and without fertilizers compared to bare fallow promotes the preservation of humus content in the soil. The transfer of calcium from lower layers to the arable soil layer, performed by the plant root system in green-manured fallow, decreases active acidity of the soil.

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Formation of alfalfa leafiness by the phases of growth and development

Feeds and Feed Production ◽

10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo201987-08 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 49-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. H. Kvytko

Keyword(s):

Forest Soils ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Geographical Origin ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Local Variety ◽

Leaf Mass ◽

Gray Forest Soils ◽

The Right

The results of two-year studies (2017—2018) on the effect of the seeding rate and row spacing on the leafiness of alfalfa plants of different geographical origin carried out on the gray forest soils of the right-bank Forest-Steppe are presented. It is established that the variety of the southern breeding Angelica prevailed over the local variety Rosan by its leafiness by 0.5—1.6 % regardless of the phase of growth and development. The highest leafiness indices were obtained when the seeding rate was 8.0 million/ha, which amounted to 50.9—51.8 %. The row spacing provided the growth of the leaf mass by 0.2 %.

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Features of growth of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] plants depending on the width of rows and seeding rate in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Plant varieties studying and protection ◽

10.21498/2518-1017.17.2.2021.236521 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 139-145

Author(s):

L. A. Pravdyva

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Growing Season ◽

Planting Density ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Density Reduction ◽

Leaf Surface Area ◽

The Right ◽

Intensive Growth

Purpose. To establish the optimal row spacing and sowing rate of sorghum seeds of grain varieties ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ and ‘Vinets’, to substantiate their influence on the growing season and biometric parameters of plants in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. The most intensive growth and development of sorghum plants was observed when sowing seeds with a row spacing of 45 cm and a seeding rate of 200 thousand pieces/ha. In particular, the duration of the growing season under such conditions was the smallest: 108 days for the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety and 106 days for the ‘Vinets’ variety. At the same time, the indicators of field seeds germination, plant height and stem diameter were maximum in the experiment: ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ – 88.7%, 137.3 cm and 1.7 cm, ‘Vinets’ – 86.9%, 121.8 cm and 1.6 cm, respectively. It was found that an increase in seeding rate reduced indicators of productive tillering, leaf area and weight per plant. The most intense tillering of sorghum plants was observed at a seeding rate of 150 and 200 thousand pieces/ha for all the studied variants of the row spacing: on average, up to two panicles well filled with grain per plant, depending on the varietal characteristics. At the rate of 250 thousand pieces/ha, tillering of plants in both varieties was somewhat weaker – 1.0–1.1 panicles per plant. The largest indicators of leaf surface area and weight of one plant were with a row spacing of 45 cm: 1528–2320 cm2 and 169.2–185.6 g in the variety ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ and 1476–2180 cm2 and 143.1–162.3 g in the variety ‘Vinets’ depending on planting density. Reduction of row spacing up to 15 cm and its increase up to 70 cm led to a decrease in the main parameters of plant growth and development. Conclusions. Sorghum plants developed better when sown with a row spacing of 45 cm and a seeding rate of 200 thousand pieces/ha, which were recommended for growing crops in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

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Effectiveness of chemical protection of chickpea crops depending on the effect of different herbicides and seed rates

Karantin i zahist roslin ◽

10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.33-36 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 33-36

Author(s):

Y. Makuch ◽

S. Moshkivska ◽

V. Smih

Keyword(s):

Stocking Density ◽

Application Rate ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Crop Development ◽

High Yields ◽

The Right ◽

High Level ◽

Favorable Conditions

Goal. Search and evaluate the effectiveness of herbicides and their compositions in chickpea crops. On the basis of research to prepare a comprehensive system of protection of chickpea crops from the presence of weeds, which ensures high yields and is economically and environmentally feasible in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The experiments were based on the following scheme: Factor A (weed protection): 1. Net control; 2. Harsh control; 3. Fabian, D.Sc. 0.1 kg/ha; 4. Bazagran, bp — 2.5 l/ha; 5. Reiser, k.e. 2.0 l/ha. Factor B (seeding rate): Seeding rate, thousand pieces / ha —500; 600; 700. Results. One way to increase the competition of chickpea plants with weeds can be to increase the stocking density of cultivated plants. It is also known that the combination of several methods of crop care contributes to the overall increase of their effect. By identifying a critical period of competitive interaction between chickpeas and weeds, it is possible to take action on the latter before they cause significant damage to the crop. Competitive reciprocity and harmfulness of weeds in chickpea crops is observed throughout the entire period of crop development. A significant decrease in productivity is observed in the presence of 10 weed plants per square meter. Increased weed density of up to 25 pc/m2 showed a 23.7% decrease in crop yield. Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted researches it is possible to make a generalization that in the conditions of humus soils of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, when applying herbicides on chickpea crops, the best results in weed control were obtained with the introduction of Fabian, dr. application rate of 0.1 kg/ha and Bazagran, pp. 2.5 l/ha. The most favorable conditions of formation of biological productivity and realization of high level of productivity of chickpea plants are observed at the norms of sowing of seeds of 600 thousand pieces/ha.

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Dependence of field germination and survival of chamomile plants on vegetation and agro-technical factors

Agrobìologìâ ◽

10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-128-136 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 128-136

Author(s):

T. Padalko

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Sowing Time ◽

Plant Survival ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Right

The purpose of the research was to study the essence of ensuring high germination of seeds and survival of chamomile plants depending on the variety, seeding rate and sowing time in the Right-bank Forest Steppe. Chamomile plants have been found to be signifi cantly responsive to the soil and climatic conditions of the region, which has led to uneven seedlings, so it is important to investigate agrotechnological techniques aimed at increasing of seed germination energy and simultaneity of sprouts. The agrobiological features of medicinal plants cultivation in the conditions of the RightBank Forest Steppe, in particular, of chamomile (Matricaria recutita), which is most used in offi cial and folk medicine among medicinal plants due to the presence of various biologically active substances in it, were investigated. The study was conducted with samples of chamomile plants in the area of the Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (field of study (IE Prudyvus), a branch of the department of Podilsky State Agrarian and Technical University), taking into account all the requirements of the methodology of the research case. The following results were obtained: the period of vegetation of chamomile was mainly dependent on the sowing time, the duration ranged from 83 to 240 days; fi eld germination of chamomile plants in the average for 2017‒2019 was in the range of 71‒89 %; the maximum rate of plant survival at the end of the growing season was 93 %, which was obtained on the variant of autumn sowing with a sowing rate of 6 kg/ha in the Perlyna of the Forest-steppe, the minimum indicator was noted 72 % for the summer sowing with a sowing rate of 8 kg/ha in the Bodegold variety; the germination and survival rate exceeded the control by 10‒13 %. Today, this crop is quite widespread and is cultivated independently of the fi rst established cultivation areas and existing research stations of medicinal plants, and in particular, as a culture of a wide range of use of raw materials both in Ukraine and abroad. Key words: chamomile, variety, seeding rate, sowing period, fi eld germination, plant survival, vegetation factors.

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PRODUCTIVITY OF ALFALFA DEPENDENT FROM VARIETY FEATURES AND HYDRO-THERMAL CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT BANK FOREST STEPPE

Agriculture and Forestry ◽

10.37128/2707-5826-2020-2-13 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 143-155

Author(s):

Nadiya Hetman ◽

Maksym Kvitko

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growing Season ◽

Matter Content ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Green Mass ◽

The Right

The article presents the results of studies of the effect of seeding rates and row spacing on the forage productivity of different alfalfa ecotypes when mowing grass in the flowering stage. In the soil-climatic conditions of the right bank forest-steppe irrespective of the effect of abiotic and biotic factors during the growing season, high adaptability of alfalfa of the southern ecotype of the Angelica variety was established, which formed a stable crop of green mass at the optimal seeding rate (8,0 million/ha) and width 12,5 cm. For an average of two years of grass use, the varieties of alfalfa Rosana and Angelica provided a yield of green mass of 62,96-64,02 t/ha, which was 11,1-14,9% higher than for sowing with the norm of sowing 4,0 million/ha, and 6,3-7,1% with row spacing half (25,0 cm). It was found that in two years of use of alfalfa Angelica variety had higher dry matter content, compared with the variety of Rosana and were respectively 23,05 and 22,98%. There was a gradual decrease in the dry matter content with a thickening of the herbage in the Rosana variety from 23,32 to 22,72% and from the Angelica variety from 23,31 to 22,84%. As the row spacing increased from 12,5 to 25,0 cm, the solids content increased by 0,28-0,62%, or 22,74-22,84 and 23,12-23,36%. The crude protein content in the dry matter of alfalfa plants of both varieties differed by slopes and years of herb use. The highest content of crude protein was obtained in the dry matter for sowing with a row spacing of 12,5 cm, which averaged 21,10% in the Rosana variety and 20,23% in the Angelica variety or increased by 0,79-0,87%, compared to the row spacing of 25,0 cm. Thus, irrespective of the hydrothermal conditions during the growing season of the studied varieties of alfalfa sowing Rosana and Angelika, the average yield of dry matter at the level of 13,64-13,93 and 2,76-2,88 t/ha of crude protein at the width of row 12,5 cm. Key words: alfalfa, variety, flowering start, crude protein, dry matter, yield, green mass.

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Formation of botanical composition of clover cereal and alfalfa cereal crops agrophytocenoses depending on sowing method

Agrobìologìâ ◽

10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-160-168 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 160-168

Author(s):

I. Senyk

Keyword(s):

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Global Climate ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Grass Species ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Botanical Composition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Row Crops ◽

Adverse Weather

Botanical composition of grasses is one of the most important indicators the biological value and quality of the obtained hay and pasture forage, the longevity of hayfi elds and pastures depend on. The issue of changing the botanical composition of agrophytocenoses is especially important in the context of global climate change, which in recent decades is also manifested in the territory of Ukraine, as it is possible to establish the most adapted species of legumes and cereals to adverse weather conditions and to identify eff ective technological methods of managing these processes for maximum conservation economically valuable species in the herbage. The purpose of the research is to establish the infl uence of diff erent ways of sowing of clover and alfalfa cereal crops agrophytocenoses on the formation of their botanical composition. Field studies have established diff erent eff ects of conventional in-line, cross-section and cross-sectional methods of sowing on the formation of botanical composition of grass mixtures of clover meadow (Trifolium pratense) varieties Sparta and Pavlyna with timothy meadow (Phleum pratense) and fenugreek multifl oral (Lolium multifl orum) and of agrophytocenoses of alfalfa of Sinyukha and Seraphima sowing varieties with reed fire (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) and middle wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia). For the average of four years of life of clover and alfalfa cereal crops agrophytocenoses, the highest proportion of legume component was observed with split-cross sowing – 51.6 % for Sparta, 53.1 % for Pavlyna, 60.3 % for Seraphima and 61.6 % for the Sinyukha variety. In the fourth year of life (the third year of use) of sowed leguminous-cereals agrophytocenoses, the preservation of the legume component was 14.6–15.5 % in clover-cereals grass mixtures with the Sparta variety and 16.0–16.8 % with the Pavlyna variety. In alfalfa grasslands, these indicators were 54.0–55.1 % with Seraphim and 55.0–56.2 % with Sinyukha. Among the studied varieties of clover meadow and alfalfa sowing proved better in the conditions of the Forest Steppe of western Pavlyna and Sinyukha. Cross-sectional and divided cross-sectional sowing of legumes and cereals mixtures proved to be better compared to conventional row crops in terms of conservation of economically valuable grass species. Key words: agrophytocenosis, botanical composition, clover meadow, alfalfa sowing, sowing methods.

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