scholarly journals MODIFICATION OF SOWING QUALITIES AND PRODUCTIVITY OF INTACT SEEDS OF GRAIN CROPS INDUCED BY STRESSES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.И. Левин ◽  
Н.Н. Дудин ◽  
Л.А. Антипкина
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Mechanical Shock ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Цель исследований – изучение способности семян, находящихся в состоянии стресса, индуцированного механическими ударными воздействиями и облучением, дистанционно порождать внутри- и межвидовые биологические эффекты у интактных семян. Исследована ответная реакция интактных семян яровой пшеницы сорта Дарья и ячменя сорта Владимир, отвечающих требованиям посевного стандарта, на дистанционное воздействие стрессированных семян яровой пшеницы, у которых стресс индуцирован механическими ударными воздействиями и облучением. Основные результаты научного исследования: на основании опытов получены данные, свидетельствующие о модификации начальных ростовых процессов, посевных качеств и продуктивных свойств интактных семян под влиянием стрессированных. Экспериментально установлена способность стрессированных семян яровой пшеницы дистанционно влиять на интенсивность начальных ростовых процессов, посевные качества семян и продуктивность растений, сформированных из интактных семян. Отмечается сходство в ответной реакции семян яровой пшеницы (Triticuma estivum var.lutescens) и ячменя (Hordéum vulgáre) на воздействие стрессированных. Вместе с тем, ячмень характеризуется более высокой резистентностью к стресс-фактору, чем яровая пшеница. Предполагается, что стрессированные семена на повреждающие воздействия (травмирование и облучение) отвечают типичной стрессовой реакцией – эмиссией этилена, который, выделяясь как газ, оказывает дистанционное фитогормональное влияние на всю совокупность семян, объединенных общей воздушной средой. Полученные данные могут быть использованы для оценки посевных качеств, разработки методов и способов послеуборочного хранения, блокирование развития стрессовых реакций у поврежденных семян. The aim of the research is to study the ability of seeds under stress induced by mechanical shock and radiation to generate intraspecific and interspecific biological effects in intact seeds remotely. The response of intact spring wheat seeds of Darya variety and barley seeds of Vladimir variety meeting the requirements of the sowing standard on the remote exposure of stressed spring wheat seeds in which stress is induced by mechanical shock and radiation was studied. The main results of the research: based on experiments, the data were obtained that prove modification of the initial growth processes, sowing qualities and productive properties of intact seeds under the influence of stresses. The ability of stressed spring wheat seeds to influence remotely the intensity of initial growth processes, sowing qualities of seeds and productivity of plants formed from intact seeds has been experimentally established. There is a similarity in the response of spring wheat seeds (Triticuma estivum var. lutescens) and barley seeds (Hordéum vulgáre) to stressful effects. At the same time, barley is characterized by a higher resistance to stress factor than spring wheat. It is assumed that stressed seeds have a typical stress response to damaging effects (traumatizing and radiation), i.e. emission of ethylene, which, being released as a gas, exerts a remote phytohormonal effect on the entire set of seeds united by a common air environment.The obtained data can be used to assess the sowing qualities, develop methods and ways for post-harvest storage and blocking the development of stress reactions of damaged seeds.

scholarly journals Effect of pesticide treatment of spring wheat plots on seed yields

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
O. A. Demydov ◽  
A. A. Siroshtan ◽  
V. P. Kavunets ◽  
O. A. Zaima ◽  
S. F. Liskovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Pesticide Treatment ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Introduction. High-quality varietal seeds, which can ensure a gain of 0.2–0.4 t/ha in the yields from their offspring, is one of the most important and cost-effective means to increase the gross grain collection of grain. Purpose. To study productive capacities of spring wheat seeds depending on treatment of fields with fungicides and insecticides. Materials and methods. The following indicators were evaluated: swelling activity, germination energy, laboratory germinability, initial growth strength, coleoptile length and the number of radicles. Seed samples that after pesticide treatment had showed the best results were tested in field experiments for productive capacities. The experimental plot area was 10 m2, in six replications. Seeds were sown with a seeder SN-10Ts after soybean with a seeding rate of 5 million germinable seeds per hectare. Spring wheat seeds produced in the experimental plots, which were treated with fungicides Akula (0.6 L/ha) and Soligor 425 EC (0.6 L/ha) and insecticides Fas (0.15 L/ha) and Karate Zeon 050 CS (0.15 L/ha) in organogenesis stages VI, VIII and X, were evaluated for productive capacities. The study was carried out on varieties MIP Zlata, Bozhena, MIP Raiduzhna and Diana. Results and discussion. Over the study years, the gain in the yields of spring wheat varieties grown from seeds of fungicide-treated plants was 0.23–0.36 t/ha; the gain in the yields of spring wheat varieties grown from seeds of insecticide-treated plants was – 0.24-0.31 t/ha. Pesticide-treated parental plants produced seeds with increased productive capacities: when such seeds were sown, the field germinability increased by 3-5%, and the plant survival – by 5-7%. Conclusions. The results indicate that the treatment of vegetating plants of spring wheat varieties in seed plots with fungicides and insecticides is a reliable way to obtain seeds with high productive capacities

scholarly journals Вплив агроекологічних факторів на ріст пшениці твердої ярої залежно від мінеральних добрив та біопрепаратів

2013 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Г. П. Жемела ◽  
Д. М. Шевніков
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Fertilizer Plant ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Complex Influence ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Застосування мінеральних добрив та інокуляції насіння пшениці твердої ярої біопрепаратами позитивно вплинуло на ріст і розвиток рослин. Дія мінеральних добрив на висоту рослин виявилася більш суттєвою, ніж дія біопрепаратів, але їхній комплексний вплив був більш ефективним щодо збільшення ростових процесів у рослин пшениці твердої ярої; у цьому разі не проявилася негативна дія несприятливих факторів веґетаційного періоду. Без застосування добрив висота рослин була 63,6 см, із застосуванням поліміксобактерину збільшувалася до 67,2, діазофіту – до 68,6 сантиметрів. The use of fertilizers and inoculation of wheat seeds solid spring biological products positively affected to the growth and development of plants. Effects of fertilizer on plant height was significantly more than biologics, but their complex influence was more effective in increasing the growth processes in solid spring wheat plants, in this case, apparent negative effect unfavorable growing season. Without the use of fertilizer plant height was 63.6 cm. Usingpolimiksobakterynuincreased to 67.2cm, diazofitu - to 68.6 cm.

scholarly journals Magnesium use in pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Venera Ramazanova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Sprout Length ◽  
Different Content ◽  
Magnesium Nanoparticles ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Studies of different content of magnesium nanoparticles in combination with stabilizers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and collagen hydrolyzate (GC) on the effect on the growth processes of spring wheat plants were conducted. It was found that the most positive effect on germination was produced by magnesium preparations in the following concentrations Mg 10 mg + PVP with a rate of 5 ml/t, Mg 20 mg + PVP with a rate of 1 ml/t, Mg 10 mg + GC with a rate of 1 ml/t. The initial growth and development of the root was significantly affected by the variant No3 Mg 10 mg + Ag 1 ml + PVP at the rate of 1 ml/t, and the development of the sprout was affected by all magnesium nanosets at the rate of 1 ml/t. When analyzing the assessment of plant development on days 7, 10 and 15, it was found that magnesium preparations with collagen stabilizer (GC) had a positive effect. Treatment with magnesium preparations on vegetative parts of plants, namely daily sprouts determined the effective rate of the preparation of 5 ml and more. The high values were in the variants Mg 20 mg + PVP, Mg 10 mg + Ag 1 ml + GC, where the increase in sprout length was 2.7-2.9 cm, weight 1.0-1.3 g.

Soil Allelotoxicity and Creation of Sorption-Stimulating Preparation to Accelerate Plant Development from Spring Wheat Seeds at Early Stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1302-1310
Author(s):  
G. N. Fedotov ◽  
I. V. Gorepekin ◽  
L. V. Lysak ◽  
D. I. Potapov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Properties of hymatomelanic acid peat and its influence on the growth processes of spring wheat varieties Iren

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Smirnova ◽  
◽  
O.V. Rybachuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Hymatomelanic Acid

In this paper, we consider two ways for obtaining hymatomelanic acid extraction into conventional Soxhlet extractions: directly from the peat and from the dry product of humic acid. The results of the study of the elemental composition of humic and hymatomelanic acids are presented, their similarities and differences are analyzed. In order to study the effect of humic and hymatomelanic acid preparations on the growth processes of spring wheat, a vegetation experiment was conducted. Peculiarities of biological action of the solutions and hymatomelanic and humic acids of different concentrations in spring wheat varieties “IREN” were investigated. The paper presents a method for determining the ash content of the studied peat, as well as, calculations of the economic feasibility of using preparations based on the hymatomelanic acids.

scholarly journals Yield and sowing quality of spring wheat seeds depending on the treatment of crops with fungicides

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
S. Liskovskiy ◽  
◽  
O. Demydov ◽  
A. Siroshtan ◽  
O. Zaiima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Seeds

scholarly journals Efficiency of growing spring wheat with the use of biological agents in light-chestnut soils

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Yulia Pavlovna Tarasenkova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

This article presents the results of a study of spring wheat with the application of biological products. The positive effect of drugs on growth processes and productivity has been established. The conditions of spring wheat cultivation with the use of biologics and their influence on the yield of spring wheat were studied. The purpose of our research was to study the effect of biological preparations on the efficiency of growing spring wheat in light chestnut soils. Results of the presented studies on the impact on yield using growth stimulants and strains: flavobacterin 30, mizorin 7, strain 5S-2, strain 8 on spring wheat varieties: Esther, Lada, Lubava, in the Astrakhan region for 2016-2018. The results showed that when seeds were treated with growth promoters and strains, almost all variants increased their yield.

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