scholarly journals Вплив агроекологічних факторів на ріст пшениці твердої ярої залежно від мінеральних добрив та біопрепаратів

Author(s):  
Г. П. Жемела ◽  
Д. М. Шевніков

Застосування мінеральних добрив та інокуляції насіння пшениці твердої ярої біопрепаратами позитивно вплинуло на ріст і розвиток рослин. Дія мінеральних добрив на висоту рослин виявилася більш суттєвою, ніж дія біопрепаратів, але їхній комплексний вплив був більш ефективним щодо збільшення ростових процесів у рослин пшениці твердої ярої; у цьому разі не проявилася негативна дія несприятливих факторів веґетаційного періоду. Без застосування добрив висота рослин була 63,6 см, із застосуванням поліміксобактерину збільшувалася до 67,2, діазофіту – до 68,6 сантиметрів. The use of fertilizers and inoculation of wheat seeds solid spring biological products positively affected to the growth and development of plants. Effects of fertilizer on plant height was significantly more than biologics, but their complex influence was more effective in increasing the growth processes in solid spring wheat plants, in this case, apparent negative effect unfavorable growing season. Without the use of fertilizer plant height was 63.6 cm. Usingpolimiksobakterynuincreased to 67.2cm, diazofitu - to 68.6 cm.

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Yulia Pavlovna Tarasenkova

This article presents the results of a study of spring wheat with the application of biological products. The positive effect of drugs on growth processes and productivity has been established. The conditions of spring wheat cultivation with the use of biologics and their influence on the yield of spring wheat were studied. The purpose of our research was to study the effect of biological preparations on the efficiency of growing spring wheat in light chestnut soils. Results of the presented studies on the impact on yield using growth stimulants and strains: flavobacterin 30, mizorin 7, strain 5S-2, strain 8 on spring wheat varieties: Esther, Lada, Lubava, in the Astrakhan region for 2016-2018. The results showed that when seeds were treated with growth promoters and strains, almost all variants increased their yield.


1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Haigler ◽  
Billy J. Gossett ◽  
James R. Harris ◽  
Joe E. Toler

The growth, development, and reproductive potential of several populations of organic arsenical-susceptible (S) and -resistant (R) common cocklebur biotypes were compared under noncompetitive field conditions. Plant height, leaf area, aboveground dry weights, and relative growth rate (RGR) were measured periodically during the growing season. Days to flowering, bur dry weight, and number of burs per plant were also recorded. Arsenical S- and R-biotypes were similar in all measured parameters of growth, development, and reproductive potential. Populations within each biotype varied occasionally in plant height, leaf area, aboveground dry weights, and reproductive potential.


Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Monfort ◽  
T. L. Kirkpatrick ◽  
C. S. Rothrock

Controlled studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil temperatures typical of field conditions during the first 6 weeks of the growing season in Arkansas and different population densities of Meloidogyne incognita on damage to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seedlings associated with the interaction between M. incognita and Thielaviopsis basicola. Treatments consisted of varying nocturnal temperatures that approximated the temperatures that occurred during the 2001, 2002, and 2003 growing seasons in southeastern Arkansas. Nocturnal temperatures in the study were as follows: high, the first week at 15°C, followed by 3 weeks at 17°C, 1 week at 21°C, and 1 week at 17°C (approximating the 2002 season); medium, 3 weeks at 15°C and 3 weeks at 19°C (approximating the 2003 season); and low, 1 week at 15°C, 1 week at 13°C, 2 weeks at 17°C, 1 week at 15°C, and 1 week at 17°C (approximating the 2001 season). Pathogen population densities were either 0 or 100 chlamydospores of T. basicola per gram of soil and 0, 2,000, 4,000, or 8,000 eggs of M. incognita per 500 cm3of soil. Plant height and fresh top weight increased with an increase in nocturnal temperature across treatments. There were significant reductions in plant growth and development with T. basicola, but not with M. incognita, at these nocturnal temperatures, but decreased plant height and weight were seen where both pathogens were present in comparison with either pathogen alone. Trends of increased disease associated with T. basicola were observed with increasing inoculum rates of M. incognita, indicating that the interaction between T. basicola and M. incognita occurs even at soil temperatures below the minimum temperature reported as necessary for damage from M. incognita.


2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00054
Author(s):  
Kamila Garafutdinova ◽  
Gulnara Rakhmanova ◽  
Elena Prishchipenko ◽  
Lilia Gaffarova

The article presents the results of vegetation studies on dusting the seeds of agricultural crops with zeolite. The experiment used seeds of spring wheat variety Ulyanovskaya-105 and mechanically activated zeolite of the Tatar-Shatrashansk deposit of the Republic of Tatarstan. The activated zeolite was obtained by mechanical activation using a crushing and screening plant at OAO Zeolites of the Volga Region, the particle size is 0.20 mm. The effect of dusting seeds with zeolite in various doses (25 kg/t, 50 kg/t, 75 kg/t, and 100 kg/t) on the growth and development of spring wheat plants, as well as on the quality indicators of grain, has been evaluated. The results revealed a positive effect of agro mineral on such parameters as seed germination (increase by 2.0–12.0%), chlorophyll content in plants in the tillering phase (by 7.4–33.3%), as well as on morphometric and biochemical parameters - plant height (by 2.5% -10.1%), the number of grains in the ear (by 7.7%), plant biomass (by 1.7% -7.9%) and the protein content in the grain (by 0.6-4.2%).


2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Venera Ramazanova

Studies of different content of magnesium nanoparticles in combination with stabilizers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and collagen hydrolyzate (GC) on the effect on the growth processes of spring wheat plants were conducted. It was found that the most positive effect on germination was produced by magnesium preparations in the following concentrations Mg 10 mg + PVP with a rate of 5 ml/t, Mg 20 mg + PVP with a rate of 1 ml/t, Mg 10 mg + GC with a rate of 1 ml/t. The initial growth and development of the root was significantly affected by the variant No3 Mg 10 mg + Ag 1 ml + PVP at the rate of 1 ml/t, and the development of the sprout was affected by all magnesium nanosets at the rate of 1 ml/t. When analyzing the assessment of plant development on days 7, 10 and 15, it was found that magnesium preparations with collagen stabilizer (GC) had a positive effect. Treatment with magnesium preparations on vegetative parts of plants, namely daily sprouts determined the effective rate of the preparation of 5 ml and more. The high values were in the variants Mg 20 mg + PVP, Mg 10 mg + Ag 1 ml + GC, where the increase in sprout length was 2.7-2.9 cm, weight 1.0-1.3 g.


2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Nikolai Vasetsky ◽  
Alexander Paramonov ◽  
Oksana Tseluyko ◽  
Andrey Fedyushkin ◽  
Sergey Pasko

The article shows that the productivity of spring wheat is determined by the total effect of a set of conditions, each of which affects the amount of products obtained. As a result of the research, it was found that the yield of spring wheat directly depends on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. The key factor affecting the increase in the productivity of crops when using mineral fertilizers is the amount of precipitation during the growing season. The use of mineral fertilizers can significantly increase the yield of spring wheat, reducing the negative effect of the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. So, when N60P30K60 was introduced, the yield increase in different climatic conditions of the research years was 9, 3 … 92, 8%. It was also found that the reproductive function of durum spring wheat is characterized by the fact that the total number of caryopses of a shoot spike and their total weight are in close proportional dependence on the value of its vegetative mass. In this case, the value of the grain-straw ratio is a consequence of the proportional dependence of the reproductive elements of the shoot (acceptors) of wheat on the size of its vegetative (donors) organs.


Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 901-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank L. Young

A 2-yr field study was conducted to measure the growth and development of Russian thistle (Salsola ibericaSennen and Pau # SASKR) in the growing crops of winter and spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and after harvest of these crops. In herbicide-free conditions, few Russian thistle seedlings emerged in winter wheat. Only 50% of these plants survived compared to 92 and 95% survival in spring wheat and crop-free treatments, respectively. Compared to growth in the crop-free treatment, both wheat types suppressed oven-dry weight, height, and width of Russian thistle plants during the crop-growing season and after crop harvest. During the crop-growing season, winter wheat suppressed Russian thistle height and width more than spring wheat. After crop harvest, oven-dry weight of Russian thistle plants grown in winter wheat stubble was suppressed 75% compared to plants grown in spring wheat stubble. Russian thistle plants grown in crop-free, spring wheat, and winter wheat treatments produced 152 100, 17 400, and 4 600 seeds/plant, respectively.


Author(s):  
В.И. Левин ◽  
Н.Н. Дудин ◽  
Л.А. Антипкина

Цель исследований – изучение способности семян, находящихся в состоянии стресса, индуцированного механическими ударными воздействиями и облучением, дистанционно порождать внутри- и межвидовые биологические эффекты у интактных семян. Исследована ответная реакция интактных семян яровой пшеницы сорта Дарья и ячменя сорта Владимир, отвечающих требованиям посевного стандарта, на дистанционное воздействие стрессированных семян яровой пшеницы, у которых стресс индуцирован механическими ударными воздействиями и облучением. Основные результаты научного исследования: на основании опытов получены данные, свидетельствующие о модификации начальных ростовых процессов, посевных качеств и продуктивных свойств интактных семян под влиянием стрессированных. Экспериментально установлена способность стрессированных семян яровой пшеницы дистанционно влиять на интенсивность начальных ростовых процессов, посевные качества семян и продуктивность растений, сформированных из интактных семян. Отмечается сходство в ответной реакции семян яровой пшеницы (Triticuma estivum var.lutescens) и ячменя (Hordéum vulgáre) на воздействие стрессированных. Вместе с тем, ячмень характеризуется более высокой резистентностью к стресс-фактору, чем яровая пшеница. Предполагается, что стрессированные семена на повреждающие воздействия (травмирование и облучение) отвечают типичной стрессовой реакцией – эмиссией этилена, который, выделяясь как газ, оказывает дистанционное фитогормональное влияние на всю совокупность семян, объединенных общей воздушной средой. Полученные данные могут быть использованы для оценки посевных качеств, разработки методов и способов послеуборочного хранения, блокирование развития стрессовых реакций у поврежденных семян. The aim of the research is to study the ability of seeds under stress induced by mechanical shock and radiation to generate intraspecific and interspecific biological effects in intact seeds remotely. The response of intact spring wheat seeds of Darya variety and barley seeds of Vladimir variety meeting the requirements of the sowing standard on the remote exposure of stressed spring wheat seeds in which stress is induced by mechanical shock and radiation was studied. The main results of the research: based on experiments, the data were obtained that prove modification of the initial growth processes, sowing qualities and productive properties of intact seeds under the influence of stresses. The ability of stressed spring wheat seeds to influence remotely the intensity of initial growth processes, sowing qualities of seeds and productivity of plants formed from intact seeds has been experimentally established. There is a similarity in the response of spring wheat seeds (Triticuma estivum var. lutescens) and barley seeds (Hordéum vulgáre) to stressful effects. At the same time, barley is characterized by a higher resistance to stress factor than spring wheat. It is assumed that stressed seeds have a typical stress response to damaging effects (traumatizing and radiation), i.e. emission of ethylene, which, being released as a gas, exerts a remote phytohormonal effect on the entire set of seeds united by a common air environment.The obtained data can be used to assess the sowing qualities, develop methods and ways for post-harvest storage and blocking the development of stress reactions of damaged seeds.


2021 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Irina Botvich ◽  
Anatoly Shevyrnogov ◽  
Dmitriy Emelyanov

Agriculture is one of the promising areas for the introduction of remote sensing technologies. With its help, you can timely receive a wide range of dynamic information about the conditions for the crops growth and development and make the necessary adjustments to obtain the planned result. The paper presents the results of early forecasting of spring wheat yields based on Dove (PlanetScope) satellite data from Planet Labs and DJI P4 Multispectral unmanned data. The maps of the yield of spring wheat were constructed using satellite and unmanned data with a spatial resolution of 3 m and 5 cm, respectively. A statistical assessment of the inhomogeneity of the spectral optical characteristics of agricultural crops has been carried out. The degree of correlation dependence between the value of the integral of the index (NDVI, VARI, MSAVI2, ClGreen) and the yield in different periods of the growing season has been determined.


Author(s):  
A. F. Petrov ◽  
A. N. Murmulev ◽  
A. G. Mitrakova ◽  
L. N. Korobova

Efficiency of application of various forms of nitrogen fertilizers on crops of spring wheat Novosibirsk 31 is shown. During the growing season the main phenological observations were made. In the phase of the beginning of milk ripeness of wheat defined a number of indicators related to plant productivity: the number of productive stems per unit area, plant height. In the ripening phase, the elements of the crop structure were studied: the number of productive stems, the number of spikelets in the ear, the number of grains in the ear, the mass of 1000 grains. Economic efficiency of cultivation of culture is calculated.


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