Bio-Fabrication, Spectroscopic Investigation and Antibacterial Potency of Ag-Co Bimetallic Nanoparticles Synthesized from the Root Extract of Borassus aethiopum (Palmyra Palm)

In this study, silver-cobalt bimetallic hybrid nanoparticles were synthesized using green method from AgNO3 and CoCl2 metal precursors as well as the locally available root extract of Borassus aethiopum acting as the reducing agent. The formation of bimetallic nanoparticles was first noticed by a color change of the reaction mixture from light pink to light brown as the result of Surface Plasmon absorptions. The optical measurements using UV-Vis showed the maximum absorption wavelength at 420nm while the functional group identification using FT-IR revealed some replacements in the absorption of functional groups, disappearance, and appearance of some others in the spectra of the BMNPs relative to that of the root extract indicating that those involved in the bio-reduction process. In vitro antibacterial potency was investigated against five clinically isolated bacteria. The outcome of the result suggested that they inhibit the tested bacteria especially against Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Thus, it can be developed as a bio-control agent for the treatment of diseases caused by these bacterial pathogens.

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Nanoinsecticidal Efficacy of Ag/Ni Bimetallic Nanoparticles (BMNPs) on Lymphatic Filariasis Vector

Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases ◽

10.9734/ajrid/2020/v5i230163 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 14-21

Author(s):

Danbature Wilson Lamayi ◽

Ezra Abba ◽

Zaccheus Shehu ◽

Muhammad Mustapha Adam

Keyword(s):

Bimetallic Nanoparticles ◽

Optical Measurements ◽

Lethal Concentration ◽

Root Extract ◽

State University ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Borassus Aethiopum ◽

Filariasis Vector ◽

Larvicidal Bioassay

Aims: Nanoparticles are gradually gaining wide scientific interest due to their various applications in catalysis, magnetism, medicine, optics, as antibacterial and nanolarvicidal agents. This research aimed at evaluating the larvicidal activity of green synthesized Ag/Ni BMNPs from the aqueous root extract of Borassus aethiopum as the stabilizing agent as well as their spectroscopic investigation using UV-Visible and FT-IR spectroscopy. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Gombe State University between August and December, 2019. Methodology: In this study, Ag/Ni hybrid bimetallic nanoparticles was synthesized using an eco-friendly method from the secondary metabolites of Borassus aethiopum acting as the reducing agent. Results: Optical measurements using UV-Vis showed the maximum absorption wavelength at 410nm while the FT-IR result for the root extract showed peaks at 3443.26cm-1, 2929.48 cm-1, 1651.28 cm-1, and 1080.12 cm-1 corresponding to OH stretch, sp3 C-H stretch, C=C stretch and C-O-C stretching respectively. These were replaced in the spectra of the BMNPs with the absence and appearance of some others indicating that they were involved in the capping process. The lethal concentration (LC50) was found to be 5.730, 13.585 and 15.735 mg/L for 1st, 2nd and 3rd/4th instars respectively. Also, the lethal concentration (LC90) was found to be 88.444, 195.689 and 236.889 mg/L for 1st, 2nd and 3rd/4th instars respectively. Conclusion: The larvicidal bioassay result showed a dose-dependent mortality rates against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae which suggest they can be developed to control the insect population.

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Green synthesis of mixed metallic nanoparticles using room temperature self-assembly

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS ◽

10.24297/jap.v13i2.5942 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 4671-4677 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. M. Abdelghany ◽

A.H. Oraby ◽

Awatif A Hindi ◽

Doaa M El-Nagar ◽

Fathia S Alhakami

Keyword(s):

Self Assembly ◽

Metallic Nanoparticles ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Bimetallic Nanoparticles ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Nano Structure ◽

Small Shift ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

Vis Spectroscopy

Bimetallic nanoparticles of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) were synthesized at room temperature using Curcumin. Reduction process of silver and gold ions with different molar ratios leads to production of different nanostructures including alloys and core-shells. Produced nanoparticles were characterized simultaneously with FTIR, UV/vis. spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX). UV/vis. optical absorption spectra of as synthesized nanoparticles reveals presence of surface palsmon resonance (SPR) of both silver at (425 nm) and gold at (540 nm) with small shift and broadness of gold band after mixing with resucing and capping agent in natural extract which suggest presence of bimetallic nano structure (Au/Ag). FTIR and EDAX data approve the presence of bimetallic nano structure combined with curcumin extract. TEM micrographs shows that silver and gold can be synthesized separately in the form of nano particles using curcumin extract. Synthesis of gold nano particles in presence of silver effectively enhance and control formation of bi-metallic structure.

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Osteoprotective Effects of Loganic Acid on Osteoblastic and Osteoclastic Cells and Osteoporosis-Induced Mice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22010233 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 233

Author(s):

Eunkuk Park ◽

Chang Gun Lee ◽

Eunguk Lim ◽

Seokjin Hwang ◽

Seung Hee Yun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Osteoclast Differentiation ◽

Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽

Common Disease ◽

Root Extract ◽

Mouse Bone Marrow ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral Density Loss ◽

In Vivo Experiments

Osteoporosis is a common disease caused by an imbalance of processes between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts in postmenopausal women. The roots of Gentiana lutea L. (GL) are reported to have beneficial effects on various human diseases related to liver functions and gastrointestinal motility, as well as on arthritis. Here, we fractionated and isolated bioactive constituent(s) responsible for anti-osteoporotic effects of GL root extract. A single phytochemical compound, loganic acid, was identified as a candidate osteoprotective agent. Its anti-osteoporotic effects were examined in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with loganic acid significantly increased osteoblastic differentiation in preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells by promoting alkaline phosphatase activity and increasing mRNA expression levels of bone metabolic markers such as Alpl, Bglap, and Sp7. However, loganic acid inhibited osteoclast differentiation of primary-cultured monocytes derived from mouse bone marrow. For in vivo experiments, the effect of loganic acid on ovariectomized (OVX) mice was examined for 12 weeks. Loganic acid prevented OVX-induced bone mineral density loss and improved bone structural properties in osteoporotic model mice. These results suggest that loganic acid may be a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment of osteoporosis.

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Two Ecdysteroids Isolated from Micropropagated Lychnis flos-cuculi and the Biological Activity of Plant Material

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26040904 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 904

Author(s):

Michał P. Maliński ◽

Jaromir Budzianowski ◽

Małgorzata Kikowska ◽

Monika Derda ◽

Marcelina M. Jaworska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Plant Material ◽

Present Report ◽

Root Extract ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Comparable Activity ◽

Antiamoebic Activity ◽

Amoebicidal Activity

Genetically uniform plant material, derived from Lychnis flos-cuculi propagated in vitro, was used for the isolation of 20-hydroxyecdysone and polypodine B and subjected to an evaluation of the antifungal and antiamoebic activity. The activity of 80% aqueous methanolic extracts, their fractions, and isolated ecdysteroids were studied against pathogenic Acanthamoeba castellani. Additionally, a Microtox® acute toxicity assay was performed. It was found that an 80% methanolic fraction of root extract exerts the most potent amoebicidal activity at IC50 of 0.06 mg/mL at the 3rd day of treatment. Both ecdysteroids show comparable activity at IC50 of 0.07 mg/mL. The acute toxicity of 80% fractions at similar concentrations is significantly higher than that of 40% fractions. Crude extracts exhibited moderate antifungal activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) within the range of 1.25–2.5 mg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, the present report is the first to show the biological activity of L. flos-cuculi in terms of the antifungal and antiamoebic activities and acute toxicity. It is also the first isolation of the main ecdysteroids from L. flos-cuculi micropropagated, ecdysteroid-rich plant material.

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In-vitro evaluation of copper nanoparticles as a potential control agent against the fungal symbionts of the invasive ambrosia beetle Euwallacea fornicatus

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/j.cropro.2021.105564 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 ◽

pp. 105564

Author(s):

Luisa F. Cruz ◽

Juan C. Cruz ◽

Daniel Carrillo ◽

Arturo I. Mtz-Enriquez ◽

Araceli Lamelas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Copper Nanoparticles ◽

Control Agent ◽

Ambrosia Beetle ◽

In Vitro Evaluation ◽

Potential Control

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In vitro effects of Asparagus racemosus ethanolic root extract on cellular immune response and immune‐related gene expression of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) leucocytes and anti‐ Aeromonas hydrophila activity

Aquaculture Research ◽

10.1111/are.15306 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shongsir Joy Monsang ◽

Arpit Acharya ◽

Md. Idrish Raja Khan ◽

Dibyendu Kamilya

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Labeo Rohita ◽

Root Extract ◽

Asparagus Racemosus ◽

Related Gene ◽

Immune Related Gene ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

Cellular Immune

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Development of Cephradine-Loaded Gelatin/Polyvinyl Alcohol Electrospun Nanofibers for Effective Diabetic Wound Healing: In-Vitro and In-Vivo Assessments

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13030349 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 349

Author(s):

Anam Razzaq ◽

Zaheer Ullah Khan ◽

Aasim Saeed ◽

Kiramat Ali Shah ◽

Naveed Ullah Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽

Mtt Assay ◽

Chronic Wound ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Group Identification ◽

Wound Infections ◽

Diabetic Wound

Diabetic wound infections caused by conventional antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains are fast emerging, leading to life-threatening situations (e.g., high costs, morbidity, and mortality) associated with delayed healing and chronic inflammation. Electrospinning is one of the most widely used techniques for the fabrication of nanofibers (NFs), induced by a high voltage applied to a drug-loaded polymer solution. Particular attention is given to electrospun NFs for pharmaceutical applications (e.g., original drug delivery systems) and tissue regeneration (e.g., as tissue scaffolds). However, there is a paucity of reports related to their application in diabetic wound infections. Therefore, we prepared eco-friendly, biodegradable, low-immunogenic, and biocompatible gelatin (GEL)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) electrospun NFs (BNFs), in which we loaded the broad-spectrum antibiotic cephradine (Ceph). The resulting drug-loaded NFs (LNFs) were characterized physically using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry (for drug loading capacity (LC), drug encapsulation efficiency (EE), and drug release kinetics determination), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) (for thermostability evaluation), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (for surface morphology analysis), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (for functional group identification). LNFs were further characterized biologically by in-vitro assessment of their potency against S. aureus clinical strains (N = 16) using the Kirby–Bauer test and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, by ex-vivo assessment to evaluate their cytotoxicity against primary human epidermal keratinocytes using MTT assay, and by in-vivo assessment to estimate their diabetic chronic wound-healing efficiency using NcZ10 diabetic/obese mice (N = 18). Thin and uniform NFs with a smooth surface and standard size (<400 nm) were observed by SEM at the optimized 5:5 (GEL:PVA) volumetric ratio. FTIR analyses confirmed the drug loading into BNFs. Compared to free Ceph, LNFs were significantly more thermostable and exhibited sustained/controlled Ceph release. LNFs also exerted a significantly stronger antibacterial activity both in-vitro and in-vivo. LNFs were significantly safer and more efficient for bacterial clearance-induced faster chronic wound healing. LNF-based therapy could be employed as a valuable dressing material to heal S. aureus-induced chronic wounds in diabetic subjects.

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In Vitro Characterization of Inhalable Cationic Hybrid Nanoparticles as Potential Vaccine Carriers

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14020164 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 164

Author(s):

Iman M. Alfagih ◽

Kan Kaneko ◽

Nitesh K. Kunda ◽

Fars Alanazi ◽

Sarah R. Dennison ◽

...

Keyword(s):

A549 Cells ◽

Double Emulsion ◽

Helical Structure ◽

Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽

Flow Cytometry Data ◽

Mhc Ii ◽

In Vitro Characterization ◽

Chitosan Hydrochloride ◽

Potential Vaccine

In this study, PGA-co-PDL nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating model antigen, bovine serum albumin (BSA), were prepared via double emulsion solvent evaporation. In addition, chitosan hydrochloride (CHL) was incorporated into the external phase of the emulsion solvent method, which resulted in surface adsorption onto the NPs to form hybrid cationic CHL NPs. The BSA encapsulated CHL NPs were encompassed into nanocomposite microcarriers (NCMPs) composed of l-leucine to produce CHL NPs/NCMPs via spray drying. The CHL NPs/NCMPs were investigated for in vitro aerosolization, release study, cell viability and uptake, and stability of protein structure. Hybrid cationic CHL NPs (CHL: 10 mg/mL) of particle size (480.2 ± 32.2 nm), charge (+14.2 ± 0.72 mV), and BSA loading (7.28 ± 1.3 µg/mg) were produced. The adsorption pattern was determined to follow the Freundlich model. Aerosolization of CHL NPs/NCMPs indicated fine particle fraction (FPF: 46.79 ± 11.21%) and mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD: 1.49 ± 0.29 µm). The BSA α-helical structure was maintained, after release from the CHL NPs/NCMPs, as indicated by circular dichroism. Furthermore, dendritic cells (DCs) and A549 cells showed good viability (≥70% at 2.5 mg/mL after 4–24 h exposure, respectively). Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry data showed hybrid cationic CHL NPs were successfully taken up by DCs within 1 h of incubation. The upregulation of CD40, CD86, and MHC-II cell surface markers indicated that the DCs were successfully activated by the hybrid cationic CHL NPs. These results suggest that the CHL NPs/NCMPs technology platform could potentially be used for the delivery of proteins to the lungs for immunostimulatory applications such as vaccines.

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In vitro cytotoxicity of Aspilia pluriseta Schweinf. extract fractions

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05472-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sospeter N. Njeru ◽

Jackson M. Muema

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Vero Cells ◽

In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽

Root Extract ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Information Gap ◽

Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽

Potential Use

Abstract Objectives We and others have shown that Aspilia pluriseta is associated with various biological activities. However, there is a lack of information on its cytotoxicity. This has created an information gap about the safety of A. pluriseta extracts. As an extension to our recent publication on the antimicrobial activity and the phytochemical characterization of A. pluriseta root extracts, here we report on cytotoxicity of tested solvent fractions. We evaluated the potential cytotoxicity of these root extract fractions on Vero cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results We show that all solvent extract fractions (except methanolic solvent fractions) had cytotoxic concentration values that killed 50% of the Vero cells (CC50) greater than 20 µg/mL and selectivity index (SI) greater than 1.0. Taken together, we demonstrate that, A. pluriseta extract fractions’ earlier reported bioactivities are within the acceptable cytotoxicity and selective index limits. This finding scientifically validates the potential use of A. pluriseta in the discovery of safe therapeutics agents.

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