scholarly journals The PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Senna alata AND Senna tora LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST BACTERIAL STRAINS CAUSING SKIN INFECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Murni Halim
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Natural Drugs ◽  
Senna Alata

A study was carried out to screen for phytochemical constituents and assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Senna alata and Senna tora leaf extracts. The leaves were first dried at room temperature and 50°C in an oven prior to solvent extraction using ethanol and methanol. The in-vitro qualitative assays showed that both S. alata and S. tora leaf extracts contained bioactive and secondary metabolites components such as tannins, steroids, saponin, terpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. The antioxidant activity and capacity test were carried out by conducting free radical of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and Ferric reduction antioxidant plasma (FRAP) assays. Both assays showed S. tora leaf extract has higher antioxidant capacity than S. alata leaf extract. The efficacy of these leaf extracts were tested against skin pathogens through agar well diffusion method. S. alata extract showed an inhibition zone (1.15 – 1.59 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa while S. tora extracts exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis (inhibition zone of 12 – 16.94 mm) followed by P. aeruginosa (inhibition zone of 1 – 1.59 mm). Nonetheless, no inhibition zone was observed for S. aureus by both leaf extracts. The phytochemicals and antioxidant constituents as well as inhibitory potential on skin pathogens possessed by S. alata and S. tora leave highlighted their potential utilization in the development of natural drugs or cosmetics to treat skin related diseases or infections.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Zodia (Evodia suaveolens) Leaf Extract on Pathogenic Agents Dragon Fruit Plant

Jurnal Biota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Trio Ageng Prayitno ◽  
Nuril Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Fruit Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Agents

The use of antimicrobials from plant extracts has not been used optimally to control pathogenic agents in dragon fruit plants. The purpose of this research was to determine the antimicrobial activity of zodia (Evodia suaveolens) leaf extracts on pathogenic agents of dragon fruit plants in vitro. The research method is laboratory research with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The antimicrobial concentrations of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract used six types including 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% with four replications. The research sample was the leaf of zodia (E. suaveolens), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Fusarium oxysporum strain Malang. Test the antimicrobial activity of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extracts on the growth of P. aeruginosa and F. oxysporum using the disc-diffusion method and wells method. The research instrument was used the observation sheet of the diameter of inhibition zone indicated by the clear zone. The diameter of inhibition zone data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test. The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract significantly inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa and F. oxysporum (P <0.05). These results recommend zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract as an antimicrobial agent for dragon fruit plant pathogens.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF SOME DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS ON FUNGAL ISOLATES OF CANDIDA albicans AND TRICHOPHYTON mentagrophyte

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Obhioze Augustine Akpoka ◽  
A. A. Enaigbe ◽  
M. U. Okwu ◽  
O. E. Izevbuwa ◽  
E. A. Ufuah
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Drug Concentrations

The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that, antimicrobial properties of the leaf extracts were due to secondary metabolites such as amino acids, essential oils, flavonoids and saponins contained. The antimicrobial activities of alcoholic extracts were tested against pathogenic fungal isolates of Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophyte. This was performed by inoculating the isolates into the pure extract, spread onto petri plates containing Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) media, observed for growth at stipulated standards. The sensitivity test was done by the disk diffusion method to test the effectiveness of an antimycotic (Griseofulvin) applied on the specific isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined to ascertain the lowest drug concentrations that inhibited the fungal growths. The antimicrobial test revealed that, the leaf extracts of Eupatorium odoratum and Canjanus cajan inhibited the growths of the organisms while extracts of Citrus aurantifolia and Eucalyptus citriodora only prevented the growth of Candida albicans. The sensitivity test recorded the inhibition zone to range from 11 mm to 32 mm, with the lowest cleared area reported in the extract of E. citriodora and the highest in E, odoratum. Consequently, the MIC values of extracts at dilution levels were; E. odoratum: 1: 10000; 1: 1000, C. cajan: 1: 1000; 1: 10000, E. citriodora: 1:1000; 1:100 and C. aurantifolia: 1: 100000; 1: 100 respectively. This work has confirmed the progressive utilization of plants as antimicrobials for the benefit of mankind, to have originated from microbial sources.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Chinese Leaf Extract and Leaf Plants (Jatropha Multifida L.) As Antibacterial to Bacterial Growth Staphylococcus Aureus In Vitro

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Dwi Anggita ◽  
Yusriani Yusriani ◽  
Dian Amelia Abdi ◽  
Vivin Desiani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Jatropha Multifida

Jatropha multifida L. contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and phenolic acids that differ from each part of the plant and the content of these substances is what makes L. multifida Jatropha has a function as an antibacterial so that the leaf extract and the gap of chinese distance ( Jatropha multifida L.) allegedly capable of inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The aim of this research was to know the effectivity of leaf extract and gum of Jatropha multifida L. to the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in vitro.Penelitian used true experimental post test design. Using disc diffusion method with concentration 25; 50; 75; and 100% v / v leaf and gum china distance. Positive control was used Clindamycin 5μg drip antibiotic paper disc. The data were analyzed descriptively. The result of the research showed the difference of different inhibition zone between treatments. In chinese leaf extracts showed different mean diameters, at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% with inhibit zone formed respectively 0 mm, 9.32 mm, and 17.48 mm and the highest inhibition zone at concentration of 100% with an average diameter of 22.24 mm. In the gap of chinese distance showed a different mean diameter, at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% with the inhibit zone formed respectively 16.08 mm, 18.15 mm, and 18.63 mm and the highest inhibition zone at a concentration of 100% with an average diameter of 21.91 mm. Clindamycin positive controls show an average inhibit zone of 23.31 mm. It was concluded that there was an effect of leaf extract and resin of chinese distance plant (Jatropha multifida L.) on growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, and the best concentration was 100% concentration and almost closer to the inhibitory zone of Clindamycin antibiotics as positive control.

scholarly journals Syntheses, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Screening of N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)benzenesulphonamide and its Cu(I), Ni(II), Mn(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) Complexes

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2354-2370 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Obasi ◽  
Okoye C. O. Benedict ◽  
P. O. Ukoha ◽  
A. O. Anaga
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains

N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)benzenesulphonamide (BS2ABT) was synthesized by the condensation (by refluxing) of 2-aminobenzothiazole and benzenesulphonylchloride in acetone at 140ºC. The resulting crude precipitates were recrystallized from dimethylformamide (DMF). Five metal complexes of copper(I), nickel(II), manganese(II), cobalt(II) and zinc(II) of the ligands were synthesized. The compounds were characterized using magnetic susceptibility measurements, UV/VIS spectrophotometry, infra red, proton and13C nmr spectroscopies. The antimicrobial tests of the ligands and its metal complexes were carried out on both multi-resistant bacterial strains isolated under clinical conditions and cultured species using agar-well diffusion method. The multi-resistant bacterial strains used wereEscherichia coli, Proteusspecies,Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Staphylococcus aureuswhich were isolated from dogs. The culture species werePseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC 27853),Escherichia Coli(ATCC 25922)Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 25923), and the fungi,Candida krusei(ATCC 6258) andCandida albicans(ATCC 90028). The tests were bothin vitroandin vivo. Thus the Inhibition Zone Diameter (IZD), the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and the Lethal and Effective Concentrations (LC50and EC50) were determined. The antimicrobial activities of the compounds were compared with those of Ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole as antibacterial agents and Fluconazole as an antifungal drug. All the compounds showed varying activities against the cultured typed bacteria and fungi used. However, they were less active than the standard drugs used except Fluconazole which did not show any activity againstCandida krusei(ATCC 6258) but most of the compounds synthesized were very active against it. The Lethal Concentration (LC50) ranged from 26.25±4.9-1833.88±186.92 ppm. These are within the permissible concentrations.

PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF DIOSCOREA BULBIFERA TUBER

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Dahiya P
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Dioscorea Bulbifera ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp ◽  
Almost All

  Objective: The inhibitory properties of successive extracts from Dioscorea bulbifera (Dioscoreaceae) tubers have been evaluated for the presence of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial efficacy against multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates was evaluated.Methods: The tuber of D. bulbifera was oven dried and extracted successively with n-hexane, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, and water. The antimicrobial potential of successive extracts against MDR isolates was studied by agar well-diffusion method. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed.Results: Qualitative phytochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of steroids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, and reducing sugars in almost all the extracts tested. Anthraquinones, phlobatanins, and tannins were not reported in any extracts tested. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of various solvents and water extracts of D. bulbifera was further investigated against ten MDR bacteria and three fungi, respectively. Aqueous and chloroform extracts were found to be more potent being capable of exerting significant inhibitory activities against the majority of the isolates such as Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter sp., Salmonella paratyphi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans. The highest inhibitory activity was observed for K. pneumoniae with wide inhibition zone diameters (17 ± 0.15 mm), followed by E. coli 1(13 ± 0.11) mm, and Acinetobacter sp. (11 ± 0.12).Conclusion: Based on the present study, the extracts of D. bulbifera tubers have shown excellent activity against MDR microbial cultures tested. Further study is recommended for clinical evaluation, of the efficacy of crude extract in herbal medicine that can serve as a base for the development of novel potent drugs and phytomedicines.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPEUTIC STUDIES OF METALLATED PORPHYRIN AGAINST CHRONIC WOUND COLONISING BACTERIAL ISOLATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. B Daramola ◽  
A. A Olajide ◽  
N Torimiro ◽  
R. C George
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Wound infections have become life threatening as a result of treatment failures caused by multi-drug resistant pathogens. The search for newer compounds potent against antibiotic resistant bacteria associated with wounds is crucial. Hence this study investigated the application of antibacterial photodynamic therapy using meso tetra-(4-phenyl) porphyrin (TPP), metallated with zinc, tin and silver (ZnTPP, SnTPP and AgTPP), meso tetra-(4-sulphonatephenyl) porphyrin (TPPS) and the corresponding metallo meso tetra-(4-sulphonatephenyl) porphyrin (MTPPS) as photosensitizers. The in-vitro toxicity and photo-toxicity properties on four chronic wound colonizing multi-drug resistant bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., and Escherichia coli were assessed using agar well diffusion method. Photo-toxicity of the compounds was investigated using 100 Watt tungsten lamp. Inhibitory activity of porphyrins tested against these bacterial strains showed Staphylococcus aureus to have both lowest (11±0.0 mm) and highest (33±1.1 mm) susceptibility to SnTPPS and ZnTPPS respectively. The sequence of data also showed appreciable improvement in the antimicrobial activities of five metalloporphyrins (SnTPP, AgTPP, ZnTPPS, SnTPPS and AgTPPS) exposed to light rays than when tested against bacterial strains in dark condition. ZnTPPS exhibited the best activity with improved photo-toxic activities against all bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus 33±1.1 mm, Klebsiella sp. 32±0.7 mm, Proteus sp. 28±0.7 mm and Escherichia coli 30±1.4 mm) examined in this study.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Antimicrobial Activities of 5-(4-substituted-benzyl)-2-(furan/thiophen-2-ylmethylene hydrazono)thiazolidin-4-ones

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 12434-12446
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
1H Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Effective Synthesis

In our present work, we reported an effective synthesis, molecular docking, and antimicrobial properties of novel 5-(4-substituted-benzyl)-2-(furan/thiophen-2-ylmethylene hydrazono) thiazolidin-4-ones (6a-g) and (7a-i). The structures of the synthesized compounds (6a-g) and (7a-i) were elucidated by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The molecular docking studies were performed for all the synthesized compounds against GlcN-6P using AutoDock-tools-1.5.6 and recorded the extent of H-bonding and binding affinities. The preselected compounds via molecular docking were further tested for in vitro antimicrobial activity against five bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus) and two fungal strains (Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans). The antimicrobial findings exhibited that the compounds possessed significant antimicrobial potential.

scholarly journals In Vitro Testing of Salicylanilide Derivatives Against Some Fungal and Bacterial Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1496-1499
Author(s):  
Ioana Maria Carmen Ienascu ◽  
Diana Obistioiu ◽  
Iuliana Maria Popescu ◽  
Mariana Nela Stefanut ◽  
Osser Gyongyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Benzamide Derivatives ◽  
Effective Compound

In the dental office, disinfection and sterilization are a matter of utmost importance for both the physician, the medical staff and the patient. Twelve N-(2-bromo-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-benzamide and N-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-benzamide derivatives were synthesized and tested for antimicrobial activity against 6 bacterial and 2 fungal strains using the Disk diffusion method for susceptibility testing. The obtained results indicated that the N-(2-bromo-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-benzamide derivatives were more active against the tested microbes, inhibition zones of 6-12 mm being obtained, although the most effective compound against S. pyogenes proved to be N-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-benzamide (14 mm inhibition zone). The tested compounds presented no effect against S. aureus, S. flexneri, S. typhimurium and C. parapsilopsis at the tested concentration.

scholarly journals Comparative Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Ficus capensis, Aristolochia ringens, Albizia zygia and Lannea welwitschii

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred O Obonga ◽  
Philip F Uzor ◽  
Emmanuel O Ekwealor ◽  
Sampson C Nwabuko
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

The present study was aimed at a comparative study of the phytoconstituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of four medicinal plants, Ficus capensis, Aristolochia ringens, Albizia zygia and Lannea welwitschii. The leaf of F. capensis and stem bark of A. ringens, A. zygia and L. welwitschii were extracted using methanol. Phytochemical analysis was done spectrophotometrically. Three in vitro antioxidant tests-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydroxyl (DPPH) scavenging models were employed. Antimicrobial test was done by agar diffusion method against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiela pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans and Aspergittus spp. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the most abundant phytoconstituents were flavonoids (F. capensis and A. zygia), reducing sugar, terpenoids, alkaloids and tannins. In the antioxidant models, A. zygia was found to produce the least IC50 in two of the models (NO and DPPH). Results of the antimicrobial tests showed that A. zygia showed a broader spectrum of activity than other plants. This study has shown that these plants possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activities which further justify their usage in traditional medicines. A. zygia featured prominently in these activities. Also flavonoids could be responsible for the bioactivities of these plants.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(2): 147-157, 2017 (December)

Heteroaromatization with 4-Phenyldiazenyl-1-naphthol. Part IV: Synthesis of Some New Heterocyclic Compounds with Potential Biological Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-938
Author(s):  
Hany M. Mohamed ◽  
Ashraf H.F. Abd El-Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Azo Compounds ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Tetrazole Derivatives

Background: Synthetic azo compounds and their derivatives have been studied extensively due to their biological and pharmacological activities. Pyranopyridines, pyranopyrimidines and tetrazoles derivatives have emerged as a promising and attractive scaffold in the development of potent biological and pharmacological agents. Objectives: To design a series of new benzochromeno(pyridine/pyrimidine/tetrazole) derivatives and evaluate their antimicrobial activity against some bacterial strains (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and some fungal strains. Materials and Methods: The (E)-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(phenyldiazenyl)-10-thioxo-7,9,10,11-tetrahydro-8Hnaptho[ 1,2-b]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-8-one (4) was synthesized by the reaction of 4H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran-3- carbonitrile (3) with carbon disulfide in alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution. Reaction of 3 with sodium azide in DMF and in presence of ammonium chloride afforded 6-(phenyldiazenyl)-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4Hbenzo[ h]chromen-2-amine (7) while with malononitrile, thiourea or urea gave chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine-9- carbonitrile (8), chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-10-thione (9) and chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-10-one (10), respectively. The assignment structures were established on the basis of spectral data. Results: In this study, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds 3-12 was examined for their in vitro antimicrobial activity by using agar diffusion method such as Mueller-Hinton agar medium for bacteria and Sabouraud’s agar medium for fungi. Ampicillin and mycostatine were included in the experiments as reference drugs. Conclusion: A series of new benzochromeno(pyridine/pyrimidine/tetrazole) derivatives were synthesized in this work. All compounds were evaluated in antimicrobial activities.

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