scholarly journals Comparative Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Ficus capensis, Aristolochia ringens, Albizia zygia and Lannea welwitschii

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred O Obonga ◽  
Philip F Uzor ◽  
Emmanuel O Ekwealor ◽  
Sampson C Nwabuko
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

The present study was aimed at a comparative study of the phytoconstituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of four medicinal plants, Ficus capensis, Aristolochia ringens, Albizia zygia and Lannea welwitschii. The leaf of F. capensis and stem bark of A. ringens, A. zygia and L. welwitschii were extracted using methanol. Phytochemical analysis was done spectrophotometrically. Three in vitro antioxidant tests-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydroxyl (DPPH) scavenging models were employed. Antimicrobial test was done by agar diffusion method against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiela pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans and Aspergittus spp. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the most abundant phytoconstituents were flavonoids (F. capensis and A. zygia), reducing sugar, terpenoids, alkaloids and tannins. In the antioxidant models, A. zygia was found to produce the least IC50 in two of the models (NO and DPPH). Results of the antimicrobial tests showed that A. zygia showed a broader spectrum of activity than other plants. This study has shown that these plants possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activities which further justify their usage in traditional medicines. A. zygia featured prominently in these activities. Also flavonoids could be responsible for the bioactivities of these plants.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(2): 147-157, 2017 (December)

scholarly journals Antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and toxicity on Cavia porcellus of Dialium angolense Welw. Ex Oliv, a traditional medicinal plant from Bagira in Eastern of DR Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-180
Author(s):  
Bashige Chiribagula V ◽  
Bakari Amuri S ◽  
Okusa Ndjolo Philippe ◽  
Kahumba Byanga J ◽  
Duez P ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Cavia Porcellus ◽  
E Coli

Dialium angolense is used in Bagira for its various medicinal properties particularly in the management of infectious diseases. In this study, the methanol and aqueous extracts of leaves and fruits were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and their in vivo toxicity on Cavia porcellus. The major phytochemical classes of extracts were screened using standard in-tube reactions. The antimicrobial study was tested on Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae using agar well diffusion and dilution methods, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated by a DPPH assay. For the acute toxicity study, animals (6/group) were orally given in a single dose 5000, 1000 or 15000 mg of extract/kg body weight (BW) then observed for 14 days. In sub-acute toxicity assays, 150 or 300 mg/kg BW/day were orally given, and animals observed for 28 days. Total phenolics and total flavonoids contents ranged 1.19 to 1.61 mg GAE.g-1 and 0.45 to 1.01 mg QEg-1, respectively. The extracts presented antioxidant activity with IC50 ranging 4.9 to 6.9 µg/mL. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) on tested strains ranged from 1.9 to 500 µg/mL with the aqueous extract of fruits as a most active extract: MIC=1.9 µg/mL on E. coli and C. albicans. No signs of toxicity were noted during the acute and sub-acute toxicity assessments, suggesting a maximal tolerate doses (MDT) and LD50 > 15000 mg/kg BW. This study highlights the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Dialium angolense and suggests that further studies be directed towards the isolation of active compounds.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and antimicrobial investigations on various parts of Sida acuta Burm. f.

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Chinelo A. Ezeabara ◽  
◽  
Miracle O. Egenti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Test Of Significance

Sida acuta Burm. f. belongs to the mallow family, Malvaceae. The study investigated the quantitative phytochemical contents and in vitro antimicrobial activities of S. acuta at different concentrations using standard techniques. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations for the absolute concentrations were determined by Agar well diffusion method. Test of significance was measured using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. There were presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, cardiac glycosides, terpenoid, anthraquinone and steroid in the leaf, stem and root of the plant at varying levels. Alkaloid at 2.31±0.03mg/100g was the highest and it was detected in the leaf. All the plant parts exhibited inhibitory activities against all the test organisms but were dose-dependent. At 500 mg/ml, the leaf extract gave highest inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus varians, Candida albicans while the root extract gave highest inhibition of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Aspergillus flavus. Findings of this study, therefore, showed that all parts of S. acuta, particularly the leaf and the root, possessed antimicrobial properties which can be pharmaceutically harnessed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Extracts of Leaves of Crinum jagus for Antimicrobial Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1197-1201
Author(s):  
T.T. Alawode ◽  
L. Lajide ◽  
B.J. Owolabi ◽  
M.T. Olaleye
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Penicillium Notatum ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Plants have been used in ethno-medicine for ages in the treatment of various diseases. In the current study, the leaves of C. jagus are investigated  for antimicrobial activities. The leaves were dried and extracted successively with hexane, ethylacetate and methanol. The concentrated extracts  were screened for activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebisidlae pneumonae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum and Rhizopus stolonifer at concentrations between 6.25 and 200 mg/ml using the agar diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was also determined. The percentage yields obtained were 0.92 %, 1.20 %  and 25.2 % for the hexane, ethylacetate and methanol extracts respectively. The zones of inhibition of the organisms by the extracts generally increased with the concentrations. The methanol extract showed the best activity of the three extracts tested. The methanol extract had values ranging between 20 mm and 26 mm against the bacteria at 200 mg/ml. This extract also showed values between 18 mm and 20 mm against the  fungi at 200 mg/ml. The lowest MICs values (of 2.5 mg/ml) were obtained against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis and S. typhi. The polar constituents in  the leaves of the plant are likely responsible for the antimicrobial properties observed. None of the extracts showed activity comparable to those of the standard drugs, however the methanol extract showed some potential as a source of antimicrobial compounds. Keywords: Crinum jagus, antimicrobial, Agar diffusion, MIC

PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF DIOSCOREA BULBIFERA TUBER

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Dahiya P
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Dioscorea Bulbifera ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp ◽  
Almost All

  Objective: The inhibitory properties of successive extracts from Dioscorea bulbifera (Dioscoreaceae) tubers have been evaluated for the presence of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial efficacy against multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates was evaluated.Methods: The tuber of D. bulbifera was oven dried and extracted successively with n-hexane, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, and water. The antimicrobial potential of successive extracts against MDR isolates was studied by agar well-diffusion method. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed.Results: Qualitative phytochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of steroids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, and reducing sugars in almost all the extracts tested. Anthraquinones, phlobatanins, and tannins were not reported in any extracts tested. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of various solvents and water extracts of D. bulbifera was further investigated against ten MDR bacteria and three fungi, respectively. Aqueous and chloroform extracts were found to be more potent being capable of exerting significant inhibitory activities against the majority of the isolates such as Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter sp., Salmonella paratyphi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans. The highest inhibitory activity was observed for K. pneumoniae with wide inhibition zone diameters (17 ± 0.15 mm), followed by E. coli 1(13 ± 0.11) mm, and Acinetobacter sp. (11 ± 0.12).Conclusion: Based on the present study, the extracts of D. bulbifera tubers have shown excellent activity against MDR microbial cultures tested. Further study is recommended for clinical evaluation, of the efficacy of crude extract in herbal medicine that can serve as a base for the development of novel potent drugs and phytomedicines.

scholarly journals The PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Senna alata AND Senna tora LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST BACTERIAL STRAINS CAUSING SKIN INFECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Murni Halim
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Natural Drugs ◽  
Senna Alata

A study was carried out to screen for phytochemical constituents and assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Senna alata and Senna tora leaf extracts. The leaves were first dried at room temperature and 50°C in an oven prior to solvent extraction using ethanol and methanol. The in-vitro qualitative assays showed that both S. alata and S. tora leaf extracts contained bioactive and secondary metabolites components such as tannins, steroids, saponin, terpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. The antioxidant activity and capacity test were carried out by conducting free radical of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and Ferric reduction antioxidant plasma (FRAP) assays. Both assays showed S. tora leaf extract has higher antioxidant capacity than S. alata leaf extract. The efficacy of these leaf extracts were tested against skin pathogens through agar well diffusion method. S. alata extract showed an inhibition zone (1.15 – 1.59 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa while S. tora extracts exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis (inhibition zone of 12 – 16.94 mm) followed by P. aeruginosa (inhibition zone of 1 – 1.59 mm). Nonetheless, no inhibition zone was observed for S. aureus by both leaf extracts. The phytochemicals and antioxidant constituents as well as inhibitory potential on skin pathogens possessed by S. alata and S. tora leave highlighted their potential utilization in the development of natural drugs or cosmetics to treat skin related diseases or infections.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Mathematical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Seed Extract of Hunteria Umbellata

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Raphael Aderele ◽  
Adekunle Kareem Rasaq ◽  
Johnson Oshiobugie Momoh
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
T Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Aim: The study evaluates the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of Hunteria umbellata against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out for three months in 2019 in Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences (Biochemistry unit), School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos- Nigeria. Methodology: The qualitative and GC-MS analysis of Hunteria umbellata methanolic seed extract were determined using standard procedure. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the disc diffusion method and agar well diffusion method. The experimental data was resampled 1000 times to allow for higher degrees of freedom in carrying out t-test to test for the difference of the effect of in-vitro antimicrobial activity of H. umbellata against E. coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp using mathematical software R language (3.6.1 version). Line plots, histogram and t-test are used to explain the effect of antimicrobial activity of H. umbellate on the selected bacteria. MIC and MBC were determined using standard methods. Results: The Phytochemical analysis of methanolic seed extract of Hunteria umbellata showed the presence of secondary metabolites like saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, phenol among others. GC-MS assay of the H. umbellata seed extract revealed the presence of eight different compounds. Agar well diffusion method was characterized by inhibition zones of 18.36±0.87, 19.13±1.03 and 21.62±2.53 mm for E.coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp respectively at 300 mg/ml-1 and 21.70± 1.60, 23.83± 2.64 and 28.57± 1.52 for E.coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp respectively at 500 mg/ml. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant difference between the effects of in-vitro antimicrobial activity of H. umbellate on 3001 and 500 mg/ml on each bacteria tested at 5% level of significance. E.coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp were tested against 12 standard antimicrobial agents, of which six was sensitive and another six was resistance to E .coli, seven was sensitive, and five was resistance to S. aureus while four was resistance and eight sensitive to Streptococcus sp. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for E.coli, S. aureus, and  Streptococcus sp were 250, 125 and 31.25 mgml-1 while their minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 500, 250 and 125 respectively. MIC and MBC tests showed that H. umbellata methanolic seed extract had noticeable bactericidal effects with MBC/MIC values ranging between 2 to 4. The extract has strong potency against these microorganisms with Streptococcus sp being the most susceptible. Conclusions: Hunteria umbellata has potential as natural therapeutic agents against E. coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp and they may prevent pathogenic diseases.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TOKAR SHA AGAINST ENTERIC BACTERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 436-444
Author(s):  
Sabiu Shitu ◽  
M. Attahiru ◽  
F. A. Iliya
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
North West ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteric Infections

The antibacterial activity of Tokar sha; a local traditional medication widely used by many people in North-west zone of Nigeria especially Sokoto, Kebbi and Zamfara against enteric infections were examined against some clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhi) using agar well diffusion method. The pattern of inhibition varied with the tokar sha concentrations and the organisms tested. The tokar sha was more effective on E. coli with a maximum zone of growth inhibition of 25mm at 35mg/ml followed by B. cereus (20mm). However, S. aureus and S. typhi were resistant to tokar sha at all concentrations tested. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were found to be 35mg/ml for both E. coli and B. cereus. The antibacterial activities exhibited by tokar sha in this study could be attributed to the presence of its constituents which signifies the potential of the tokar sha as a therapeutic agent. These findings may justify the ethnomedicinal use of tokar sha as an antibacterial agent against enterobacteria

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Cobalt(III) Complexes of 4-(2-Substituted Phenylimino)-2-(4-Substituted Phenyl)-4H-chromen-3-ol

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 2015-2021
Author(s):  
Ashok K. Singh ◽  
Suresh K. Patel ◽  
Asif Jafri
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Paper Disc

A series of eight Co(III) complexes [CoL1-8(H2O)2Cl] (I-1 to I-8) incorporating 4-(2-substituted phenylimino)-2-(4-substituted phenyl)-4H-chromen-3-ol, as a tridentate imino flavone ligands (L1 to L8, 2-sub. = NH2, SH, 4-sub. = OMe, OH, Cl, NMe2) have been synthesized, characterized and the geometry of the complexes were optimized by DFT. The chemical structure of synthesized imino flavone ligands and their complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV-visible, IR, ESI-mass spectral data, conductometric and magnetic measurements. The synthesized compounds have been screened for their in vitro antibacterial activities against bacteria Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and antifungal activities against fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus by paper disc diffusion method. The complexes I-3, I-4, I-7 and I-8 showed good antimicrobial activities against pathogens.

Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activities of Atalantia monophylla (L) Correa and Atalantia racemosa Wight and Arn

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-436
Author(s):  
Mahadevan Subramaniyan ◽  
Vijayakumar Subramaniyan ◽  
Arulmozhi Praveenkumar
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Background: Infectious diseases are major leading cause of death in all parts of the world, because of the appearance of new multi drug resistant microbes. Therefore, the discovery of potential drug for effective treatment will help the slaughter of the microbes. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the presence of photochemical and antimicrobial activities of various crude extracts of leaves, fruits and root bark of Atalantia monophylla and Atalantia racemosa against human pathogens by using well diffusion method. Methods: Antimicrobial properties of the various extracts of Atalantia monophylla and Atalantia racemosa were studied against some human pathogenic microbes such as Gram-positive Bacteria, (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus) Gram-negative Bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) and human opportunistic fungal pathogens (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger). All the extracts were comparable with standard drugs (Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Nystatin. and Amphotericin B). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal /fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) values were determined through a microdilution method. The phytochemical analysis of these plant extracts were carried out using standard mthods. Results: Methanolic leaf extract of A. monophylla has showed excellent antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (40mm). As well, the A. racemosa methanolic leaf extract shows notable inhibitory activity against S. aureus (38mm). At the same time, the least inhibition was observed in aqueous extract of A. monophylla against E.coli (9mm). The MIC ranged from 0.78 µg/mL to 50 µg/mL and MBC/MFC 1.56 to 50 µg/mL were recorded. Phytochemical analysis of alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, phenolics and cardiae glycoside were recorded in various extracts of A. monophylla and A. racemosa respectively. Flavonoids, phenolics and cardiac glycoside were present only in methonalic leaf extract of A. monophylla. Conclusion: The result of this study concluded that methanolic leaf extract has possessed novel compounds with significant antimicrobial properties. Hence, we recommend this plant for further studies on the isolation and characterization of that lead antimicrobial potential molecule.

Preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of plant extract of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (09) ◽  
pp. 4885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushbu Pandey ◽  
Mahendra Singh* ◽  
Bharat Pandey ◽  
Anshulika Upadhyaya ◽  
Kamal K. Pande
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Anti Fungal

The present study was carried out for phytochemical screening of principle bioactive compounds and antimicrobial activity in Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb., Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponin, terpenoid, steroid, saponin, flavonoid, tannin and alkaloid. The petroleum, ether, chloroform, methanol, acetone and aqueous extracts were subjected to antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, E. coli and Bacillus subtilis against anti-fungal strains A.awamori, A.fumigatus, Rhizopus oryzae, Trichoderma viridae and C.oryzae. The antibacterial and antifungal activity was evaluated by disc-diffusion method.

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