ASSESSMENT OF BONE TISSUE OF THE UPPER AND LOWER JAW IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS COMPLICATED BY PARTIAL ABSENCE OF TEETH

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Наталия Александровна Полушкина ◽  
Ксения Евгеньевна Чиркова ◽  
Елена Александровна Лещева ◽  
Нелли Геннадиевна Машкова ◽  
Елена Юрьевна Каверина
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Long Time

После достижения пика костной массы метаболизм костной ткани становится стабильным, то есть скорость резорбции и костеобразования примерно равны, что сохраняется у женщин до 45-50 лет, а у мужчин до 55-60 лет, при отсутствии тяжелых соматических патологий оптимальное потребление кальция должно составлять 1000 мг в сутки. У женщин после наступления менопаузы и мужчин старше 60 лет возрастает скорость резорбции костной ткани, уменьшается масса кости, в связи с чем увеличивается потребность в кальции до 1500 мг в сутки. Основной источник потребления кальция - это пища, которая обеспечивает около 50% потребности организма в кальции с широкой индивидуальной вариабельностью, причем его абсорбция снижается с возрастом и по мере увеличения длительности менопаузы. Вопрос о добавках препаратов кальция решают индивидуально, в зависимости от содержания макроэлемента в рационе питания и состояния организма. Также рекомендовано, что препараты кальция нужно назначать в комплексе с другими средствами патогенетической терапии. На основании проведенных исследований учеными было выявлено, что резорбция костной ткани альвеолярной части (отростка) при заболеваниях пародонта может быть длительно компенсирована за счет мобилизации солей кальция из высокоминерализованных остеонов нижней челюсти After reaching a peak in bone mass, bone metabolism becomes stable, that is, the rate of resorption and bone formation are approximately equal, which remains in women up to 45-50 years old, and in men up to 55-60 years old, in the absence of severe somatic pathologies, the optimal calcium intake should be 1000 mg per day. In women after menopause and men over 60, the rate of bone resorption increases, bone mass decreases, and therefore the need for calcium increases to 1,500 mg per day. The main source of calcium intake is food, which provides about 50% of the body's need for calcium with wide individual variability, and its absorption decreases with age and with increasing duration of menopause. The issue of calcium supplementation is decided individually, depending on the content of the macronutrient in the diet and the state of the body. It is also recommended that calcium preparations should be prescribed in combination with other means of pathogenetictherapy. Based on the studies, scientists found that bone resorption of the alveolar part (appendix) in periodontal disease can be compensated for a long time by mobilizing calcium salts from highly mineralized osteons of the lower jaw

scholarly journals The Development of Molecular Biology of Osteoporosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8182
Author(s):  
Yongguang Gao ◽  
Suryaji Patil ◽  
Jingxian Jia
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Bone Disorders ◽  
Molecular Aspects

Osteoporosis is one of the major bone disorders that affects both women and men, and causes bone deterioration and bone strength. Bone remodeling maintains bone mass and mineral homeostasis through the balanced action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone formation and bone resorption, respectively. The imbalance in bone remodeling is known to be the main cause of osteoporosis. The imbalance can be the result of the action of various molecules produced by one bone cell that acts on other bone cells and influence cell activity. The understanding of the effect of these molecules on bone can help identify new targets and therapeutics to prevent and treat bone disorders. In this article, we have focused on molecules that are produced by osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts and their mechanism of action on these cells. We have also summarized the different pharmacological osteoporosis treatments that target different molecular aspects of these bone cells to minimize osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy for the Investigation of the Anti-Osteoporosis Effects and Underlying Mechanism of Zhuangguguanjie Formulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Gong ◽  
Xingren Chen ◽  
Tianshu Shi ◽  
Xiaoyan Shao ◽  
Xueying An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Biological Processes

As the society is aging, the increasing prevalence of osteoporosis has generated huge social and economic impact, while the drug therapy for osteoporosis is limited due to multiple targets involved in this disease. Zhuangguguanjie formulation (ZG) is extensively used in the clinical treatment of bone and joint diseases, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully described. This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of ZG on postmenopausal osteoporosis. The ovariectomized (OVX) mice were treated with normal saline or ZG for 4 weeks after ovariectomy following a series of analyses. The bone mass density (BMD) and trabecular parameters were examined by micro-CT. Bone remodeling was evaluated by the bone histomorphometry analysis and ELISA assay of bone turnover biomarkers in serum. The possible drug–disease common targets were analyzed by network pharmacology. To predict the potential biological processes and related pathways, GO/KEGG enrichment analysis was performed. The effects of ZG on the differentiation phenotype of osteoclasts and osteoblasts and the predicted pathway were verified in vitro. The results showed that ZG significantly improved the bone mass and micro-trabecular architecture in OVX mice compared with untreated OVX mice. ZG could promote bone formation and inhibit bone resorption to ameliorate ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis as evidenced by increased number of osteoblast (N.Ob/Tb.Pm) and decreased number of osteoclast (N.Oc/Tb.Pm) in treated group compared with untreated OVX mice. After identifying potential drug–disease common targets by network pharmacology, GO enrichment analysis predicted that ZG might affect various biological processes including osteoblastic differentiation and osteoclast differentiation. The KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that PI3K/Akt and mTOR signaling pathways could be the possible pathways. Furthermore, the experiments in vitro validated our findings. ZG significantly down-regulated the expression of osteoclast differentiation markers, reduced osteoclastic resorption, and inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt, while ZG obviously up-regulated the expression of osteogenic biomarkers, promoted the formation of calcium nodules, and hampered the phosphorylation of 70S6K1/mTOR, which can be reversed by the corresponding pathway activator. Thus, our study suggested that ZG could inhibit the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to reduce osteoclastic bone resorption as well as hamper the mTORC1/S6K1 signaling pathway to promote osteoblastic bone formation.

Mechanisms of bone destruction in multiple myeloma: the importance of an unbalanced process in determining the severity of lytic bone disease.

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1909-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bataille ◽  
D Chappard ◽  
C Marcelli ◽  
P Dessauw ◽  
J Sany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Myeloma Cell ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Mass Reduction

In order to clarify the mechanisms involved in the occurrence of lytic bone lesions (BL) in multiple myeloma (MM), we have compared the presenting myeloma-induced histological bone changes of 14 previously untreated MM patients with lytic BL with those of seven MM patients lacking lytic BL at presentation despite similar myeloma cell mass. A major unbalanced bone remodeling (increased bone resorption with normal to low bone formation) was the characteristic feature of patients presenting lytic BL. Furthermore, this unbalanced process was associated with a significant reduction of bone mass. Unexpectedly, a balanced bone remodeling (increase of both bone resorption and bone formation, without bone mass reduction) rather than a true lack of an excessive bone resorption was the usual feature of patients lacking lytic BL. Our current work clearly shows that a majority (72%) of patients with MM present an important unbalanced bone remodeling at diagnosis, leading to bone mass reduction and bone destruction (unbalanced MM). Some patients (20%) retain a balanced bone remodeling with initial absence of bone destruction (balanced MM). Few (8%) patients have pure osteoblastic MM without bone destruction.

scholarly journals Porcupine inhibitors impair trabecular and cortical bone mass and strength in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Funck-Brentano ◽  
Karin H Nilsson ◽  
Robert Brommage ◽  
Petra Henning ◽  
Ulf H Lerner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Mineral Density

WNT signaling is involved in the tumorigenesis of various cancers and regulates bone homeostasis. Palmitoleoylation of WNTs by Porcupine is required for WNT activity. Porcupine inhibitors are under development for cancer therapy. As the possible side effects of Porcupine inhibitors on bone health are unknown, we determined their effects on bone mass and strength. Twelve-week-old C57BL/6N female mice were treated by the Porcupine inhibitors LGK974 (low dose = 3 mg/kg/day; high dose = 6 mg/kg/day) or Wnt-C59 (10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 3 weeks. Bone parameters were assessed by serum biomarkers, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, µCT and histomorphometry. Bone strength was measured by the 3-point bending test. The Porcupine inhibitors were well tolerated demonstrated by normal body weight. Both doses of LGK974 and Wnt-C59 reduced total body bone mineral density compared with vehicle treatment (P < 0.001). Cortical thickness of the femur shaft (P < 0.001) and trabecular bone volume fraction in the vertebral body (P < 0.001) were reduced by treatment with LGK974 or Wnt-C59. Porcupine inhibition reduced bone strength in the tibia (P < 0.05). The cortical bone loss was the result of impaired periosteal bone formation and increased endocortical bone resorption and the trabecular bone loss was caused by reduced trabecular bone formation and increased bone resorption. Porcupine inhibitors exert deleterious effects on bone mass and strength caused by a combination of reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption. We suggest that cancer targeted therapies using Porcupine inhibitors may increase the risk of fractures.

scholarly journals The effect of short-term calcium supplementation on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in healthy young adults

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Ginty ◽  
Albert Flynn ◽  
Kevin D. Cashman
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
Usual Diet

The influence of Ca supplementation of the usual diet for 14d on biochemical markers of bone turnover was investigated in healthy young adults aged 21–26 years. In a crossover study, eighteen subjects (five male and thirteen female) were randomly assigned to their self-selected diet (about 22 mmol Ca/d) or their self-selected diet with a 20 mmol/d Ca supplement (about 40 mmol Ca/d) for 14d followed by crossover to the alternative diet for a further 14d. During each dietary period fasting morning first void urine samples (last 3d) and fasting blood serum samples (morning of twelfth day) were collected. Ca supplementation reduced urinary excretion of pyridinoline (14%) and deoxypyridinoline (16%) (biochemical markers of bone resorption) but had no effect on biochemical markers of bone formation (serum osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase;EC3.1.3.1). It is concluded that Ca supplementation of the usual diet in young adults suppresses bone resorption over a 2-week period. If sustained, this could result in suppression of the bone remodelling rate and an increase in bone mass over time. The findings of this short-term study with a relatively small number of young adults highlight the need for a longer-term intervention study of the effect of increased Ca intake on bone mass in this age group.

High bone mass in the STR/ort mouse results from increased bone formation and impaired bone resorption and is associated with extramedullary hematopoiesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Pasold ◽  
Robby Engelmann ◽  
Johannes Keller ◽  
Sarah Joost ◽  
Robert P. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis ◽  
High Bone Mass ◽  
High Bone

Methotrexat maintains bone mass by preventing both a decrease in bone formation and an increase in bone resorption in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats

Bone ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Segawa ◽  
M. Yamaura ◽  
S. Aota ◽  
T. Omata ◽  
N. Tuzuike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass

scholarly journals IZMENENIYa KOSTNOY TKANI ChELOVEKA V KOSMIChESKOM POLETE II. NEKOTORYE ZAKONOMERNOSTI I OSOBENNOSTI

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
V S Oganov ◽  
A V Bakulin ◽  
V E Novikov ◽  
L M Murashko ◽  
O E Kabitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spongy Bone ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Fluid Redistribution ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Genetically Determined

There are considered possible mechanisms of some peculiarities of cosmonauts bone tissue changes after space flights 5-7 month duration, that were diagnosed using dual energy X-ray absoptiometry (DEXA). Local osteopenia in spongy bone of the body lower part may be connected with big weight bearing load in 1g conditions. Increasing of mineral content in upper part of the skeleton and hypermineralization of vertebrae body spongy bone, that were showed by computer tomography possible are the secondary effects and are connected with fluid redistribution to cranial direction, including abdomen. Additional negative gradient of bone mass in bones of lower part of skeleton, that is observed in early period of readaptation (till 1 month) may be explained as result of acceleration of bone remodeling (resorption and formation of bone), as reaction to recover of loading. Individual variability of above mentioned reactions is connected with genetically determined initial bone mass and phenotype of bone metabolism. There are considered possibilities of genetic prediction of osteopenia in discussed conditions.

scholarly journals INTAKE OF A VITAMIN-MINERAL COMPLEX IS A RATIONAL WAY TO MAKE UP A CALCIUM DEFICIENCY IN CONDITIONS OF INSUFFICIENT CONSUMPTION OF DAIRY PRODUCTS BY A CHILD

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia V. Shikh ◽  
Anna A. Makhova ◽  
Evgeny E. Emelyashenkov
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Lactase Deficiency ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

A calcium deficiency is detected in more than 80% of children. This is the result of inadequate consumption of milk and dairy products which are the main food sources of calcium. There is a correlation between deficiency of calcium intake with food in childhood and the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis in subsequent life periods. With insufficient exogenous intake of calcium, its concentration in the blood decreases which stimulates bone resorption. The factors that further limit the consumption of dairy products are lactase deficiency and cow's milk protein allergy. In order to ensure the intake of the necessary amount of calcium, it is advisable to use vitaminmineral complexes in children that contain not only a sufficient amount of calcium and vitamin D but also other micronutrients required for bone formation.

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