History of development of commercial secrets in the Azerbaijan legal system

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
Natig Elmaddin Ibrahimov ◽  

The process of gaining the importance of commercially important information in civil circulation has come a long way. The protection and disclosure of commercial secrets, which are among the objects of intellectual property, are becoming increasingly important for the legislation of Azerbaijan. The historical development of commercial secrets in Azerbaijan is closely related to the legislation of the Russian Empire. This was due to historical events. The history of the development of commercial secrets in Azerbaijan can be divided into several stages. The first stage is the feudal period, state structure and legal regulation of this period. The second period covers the period from 1861 to 1917. The third period covers the period from 1917 to 1991. The fourth period covers the period after 1991, the "restoration of capitalism". Nowdays, the protection of commercial secrets comes to the fore in connection with the relevance of globalization, integration and dynamic development of information resources, as well as the emergence of new obstacles and difficulties in legal regulation. Key words: commercial secrets, intellectual property law, Azerbaijani legislation, civil law, Tsarist Russia (Russian Empire), USSR, Azerbaijan SSR

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 142-155
Author(s):  
Karim Rishatovich Khaliullin ◽  

The article analyzes the connections between the offi cial rhetoric and the poetry on Napoleonic War of 1805–1807 in the Russian Empire. During the fi rst period of the war (War of the Third Coalition), only a handful of poems was published, whereas the second period (War of the Fourth Coalition) produced a much bigger volume of verse. The author suggests that the quantitative difference in the poetical output between these two phases of the War is directly related to the strategy of the offi cial rhetoric, since in the beginning of the War of the Third Coalition Emperor Alexander I did not publish a special manifesto (just the Recruitment Ordinance) while after the beginning of the War of the Fourth Coalition three Emperor’s manifestos were released. These documents shaped an ideological coordinate system in which the poets were able to produce new texts.


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 182-190
Author(s):  
O. Pylypchuk

The article is devoted to the history and development of the institution of copyright in literary works. Highlights the main stages of formation of copyright in Europe in the XV-XIX centuries. Traced the process of formation the national legal base on intellectual property under the laws of the Russian Empire in the late XIX – early XX centuries.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1131-1142
Author(s):  
Dmitriy M. Legkiy ◽  

The article and the published documents study the previously unknown documents on the judicial reform. Drawing on archival documents discovered in the Stasovs family archive (from the manuscript department of the Institute of Russian Literature) and in the secret archive of the Third Department of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery (from the State Archive of the Russian Federation), including correspondence of D. V. Stassov with the chairman of the Yekaterinoslav criminal court chamber, A. S. Kuznetsov (1862–66), the publication reveals the unknown pages of the history of the judicial reform of 1864 in the Russian Empire. The sources highlight the activities of the commission for preparation of the reform under (initially) quite difficult conditions. The details of the judicial reform preparation are given against the background of constant struggles between conservative and liberal camps (with the gradual switchover of high-ranking officials from one camp to another, depending on the Emperor’s will), as well as between different groups and directions. Thus, the adoption of final decisions was delayed due to uncertain, evasive position of its members, as it happened during discussions of individual bills in the State Council. Attention is drawn to the reaction of officials of the Third Department, when perlustrating letters of the Councilor of State, Chief Secretary of the Governing Senate and Chairman of the Criminal Court Chamber of Yekaterinoslav containing quite immodest thoughts on the “behind-the-scenes preparation” of the Judicial reform. D. V. Stasov’s letters were actually weekly diary entries recording the preparation of the 1864 judicial reform, his tone picturesque, descriptions of ministers and high officials accurate and caustic. Such evidence from very authoritative sources provides a wealth of material on the attitude of the Imperial Court and the heads of state institutions (the Ministry of Justice, the State Council, the Senate, the Committee of Ministers, the Second Department of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery) involved in decision-making concerning judicial projects, which has not been adequately covered in historical and legal studies. Publication of D. V. Stasov's letters (from the archival materials of the Stasov family fond) can significantly expand the source base on the history of preparation of the judicial reforms in the Russian Empire in 1860–64.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Aleksey A. Demichev ◽  
◽  
Valentina M. Bolshakova ◽  
Vera A. Ilyukhina ◽  
◽  
...  

The article proposes a periodization of judicial reforms in the Russian Empire, the RSFSR and the Russian Federation. The article proposes a distinction between the concepts of «judicial reform» and «judicial reform». There are distinguished and characterized six periods of judicial reforms in relation to the dynamics of the judicial system and legal proceedings in Russia in the second half of the XIX — XXI centuries: the first period (November 20, 1864 — July 1, 1899) — the judicial reform of 1864; the second period (July 1, 1899 — November 22 (December 5), 1917)) — the transformation of the judicial system and judicial proceedings created by the Judicial Statutes of 1864; the third period (November 22 (December 5), 1917 — May 25, 1922) — the judicial transformations of the first years of Soviet power; the fourth period (May 25, 1922 — July 10, 1923) — the judicial reform of 1922; the fifth period (July 10, 1923 — October 24, 1991) — transformation of the judicial system and judicial proceedings in the RSFSR, created during the judicial reform of 1922; the sixth period (October 24, 1991 — July 29, 2018) — judicial reform in the Russian Federation.


Author(s):  
Olha Zabudkova ◽  

The article analyzes the coverage in the historical literature of the problem of industry’s monopolization in the Russian Empire in the late XIX – early XX century. There are three periods in the development of the historiography have been identified. During the imperial period (late XIX – early XX century.) works were not only theoretical but also practical. Despite the fact that most of these works are descriptive and have a relatively weak source base, they laid the foundation for further study of the problem. In the second, Soviet period, there are three stages. During the first (1920s – mid-1950s) there is an evolution of approaches to the study of monopolies from pre-Soviet traditions to their understanding as one of the means of external management of the Russian Empire’s economy with foreign capital. At the next stage (mid-1950s – mid-1970s) the idea of ​​the weakness of monopoly and the dependent nature of the empire is replaced by the idea of ​​forming the highest stage of capitalism – imperialism, one of the main features of which was the domination of monopolies. During the third stage (mid-1970s – 1980s), research became complex, and the thesis of the high development of monopoly capitalism as a precondition for the socialist revolution was defended. Modern historiography, which represents the third stage, is marked by the desire of historians to objectively cover the role of monopolies, but the problems of monopolization in the Russian Empire are covered mainly in single explorations or in complex works on the history of late XIX – early XX centuries. It is concluded that the analysis of historiography of industrial monopolization’s history in the Russian Empire showed the fragmentary study of the problem, which determines the importance of its further study.


Author(s):  
Chingiz Ahmedov

The article is devoted to the history of the formation and legal regulation of the activities of the lower ranks of the county police of the Russian Empire from the first half of the XIX to the beginning of the XX century. The rea-sons for the introduction of police custody in the territory of Astrakhan, Baku, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Perm, Samara provinces and the Kingdom of Poland are considered by the author. The position according to which in the second half of the XIX century the im-portance of protecting public order and public safety in rural areas was actualized in the state policy of the Russian Empire is substantiated by the author. The reasons for that were the reforms carried out at that time. The most important reform was the abolition of serfdom. The lack of a sufficient number of police officials in the coun-tryside, erforming law enforcement functions, was the reason for the introduction of the institution of police village constables. On the basis of archival and other historical sources, the article shows that the activities of police village constables from the state bodies and the liberal press were evaluated differently: state structures noted the positive results of the activities of police village constables to ensure public order and the safety of society and the state; in contrast, the liberal community absolutized the distrust of the activities of police village constables and the lack of their support from the population. The existing contradictions between society and the state were one of the reasons for the destruction of the law enforcement system and the collapse of the Russian Empire itself.


2020 ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
Марина Петровна Войтеховская ◽  
Светлана Анатольевна Кочурина ◽  
Наталия Игоревна Сухачёва

Вопросы введения всеобщего начального обучения в деятельности Государственной думы Российской империи долгое время не были в поле зрения исследователей, интересКочурина к теме возрос в связи с восстановлением парламентских традиций и глубоким реформированием системы образования. На основе исторических источников показано, что в начале XX в. данный вопрос был, пожалуй, единственным, не вызывавшим разногласий между политическими партиями. Но он так и не был решен из-за длившихся на протяжении шести лет дискуссий между фракциями в Государственной думе, Думой и Государственным советом, парламентом и правительством по сопутствующим проблемам – об обязательности или предоставлении права получения начального образования, о размерах финансирования и характере управления министерскими и церковными школами, о языке преподавания в начальной школе в местностях с нерусским населением, о роли органов местного самоуправления в развитии школьного дела и др. Первая Государственная дума в силу кратковременного существования не сумела приступить к рассмотрению законопроекта о введении всеобщего начального обучения, Государственная дума II созыва – приступила, но ее досрочный роспуск не позволил принять сколько-нибудь существенных решений по вопросу. Третья Государственная дума оказалась единственной в дореволюционной истории России, выдержавшей полный срок полномочий. Результаты ее деятельности в области просвещения закрепили за ней название «Дума народного образования». Было рассмотрено более 300 законодательных инициатив в области науки и образования, в том числе 15 законопроектов по начальному образованию, дополнительные ассигнования на начальную школу выросли почти на 40 млн руб. в год. Но принятый Думой законопроект о введении всеобщего начального обучения не прошел в Государственном совете. Депутаты четвертого созыва вновь дискутировали по содержанию проекта, разработанного Третьей Думой. Главной причиной конфликтов был вопрос о церковно-приходских школах. В последний раз в истории Думы законопроект был внесен министром народного просвещения П. Н. Игнатьевым 28 августа 1916 г., но решение по нему так и не было принято. Вместе с тем за годы работы Государственных дум на развитие начального образования, подготовку педагогов, заработную плату учителей и строительство новых школ были выделены невиданные до того времени средства, а статьи государственных расходов на школьное дело увеличились почти вдвое. The introduction of universal primary education in the activities of the State Duma of the Russian Empire was for a long time not under the attention of the researchers, and interest in the topic increased due to the restoration of parliamentary traditions and deep reform of the education system. Historical sources show that at the beginning of the XX century, this issue was probably the only one that did not cause disagreements between political parties. But it was never resolved because of the six years of discussions between the factions in the State Duma, the Duma and the Council of State, the Parliament and the Government on related issues – the mandatory or granting of the right to receive primary education, the amount of funding and the nature of the management of Ministerial and Church schools, the language of teaching in primary schools in areas with non-Russian populations, about the role of local governments in the development of school Affairs, and others. The First State Duma, owing to its short existence, was unable to consider the draft law on the introduction of universal primary education, the Second Duma began its work, but its early dissolution did not allow any significant decisions to be taken on the issue. The Third State Duma was the only one in the pre-revolutionary history of Russia that lasted a full term of office, and the results of its activities in the field of education gave it the name “Duma of national education”. More than 300 legislative initiatives in the field of science and education were considered, including 15 draft laws on primary education, and additional allocations for primary schools increased by almost 40 million rubles a year. But the bill passed by the Duma on the introduction of universal primary education did not pass in the State Council. The Deputies of the fourth convocation again discussed the content of the draft developed by the Third Duma. The main cause of the conflicts was the issue of parochial schools. The last time in the history of the Duma a bill was introduced by the Minister of Public Education, P. N. Ignatiev, on 28 August 1916, but the decision on it was never made. However, during the years of operation of the State Duma, unprecedented resources have been allocated for the development of primary education, the training of teachers, the salaries of teachers and the construction of new schools, and public spending on schools almost doubled.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Mamarazok Tagaev ◽  

In the article, after the conquest of the Russian Empire in the province, hospitals were opened for the Russian military and turned them into a hospital. Opened hospitals in Tashkent, Samarkand and Kattakurgan and outpatients for women and men. However,the local population, fearing doctors in uniform, did not want to contact them and turned to healers and paramedics


2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Jalalitdin Mirzaev ◽  
◽  
Abdusalom Khuzhanazarov

The article discusses the history of Termez as an outpost of the Russian Empire on the border with Afghanistan


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