scholarly journals Menginisiasi Perilaku Positif Masyarakat Tentang Penyakit ISPA di Desa Muntoi Timur Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Hamzah B
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Tract Infections

Acute respiratory tract infections are diseases of the upper or lower respiratory tract, which can cause a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from asymptomatic or mild infections to deadly diseases. The high cases of acute respiratory infections in East Muntoi Village are caused by the arrival of the dry season which causes a lot of dust and hot weather as well as the lack of public knowledge about acute respiratory infections. The aim of this service is to increase the knowledge of the people of Muntoi Timur Village, Passi Barat District, Bolaang Mongondow Regency, about acute respiratory infections. This community service is carried out in Muntoi Timur Village, Passi Barat District with the target of hamlets 04 and 05. The methods used are phased from the planning (pre-test), the implementation phase (health education) and the evaluation stage (post-test). The results of this activity are increased public knowledge about the understanding, causes, risk factors, symptoms, prevention and management of acute respiratory infections. It is suggested that the active role of health workers be needed to always provide health education to the community related to acute respiratory infections, so that the community can improve their health independently.

scholarly journals Place of combination drugs in the therapy of acute bronchitis in children

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
N. G. Kolosova ◽  
I. V. Grebeneva ◽  
V. D. Denisova ◽  
E. M. Maksimova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Bronchitis ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Nonproductive Cough ◽  
Combination Drugs ◽  
Tract Infections

Acute respiratory tract infections accompanied by cough play a significant role in respiratory pathology in childhood. The incidence of acute respiratory infections among children is 4–5 times higher than among the adult population and accounts for more than 90% of all infectious and parasitic diseases registered in Russia. The highest rates of acute respiratory infections are observed among children of preschool age, especially in the first three years of life. As in adults, children’s cough, described as a symptom of «upper respiratory infection» or «acute bronchitis», is the most commonly diagnosed acute manifestation in primary care. These 2 diagnoses represent 75% of all cough cases. The most common etiological agents in acute bronchitis are respiratory viruses: adenovirus, influenza viruses and parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, human Bocavirus, Coxsackievirus, herpes simplex virus, etc. Drug therapy for coughing is prescribed when there is a nonproductive cough that does not perform its protective function, meaning it does not contribute to the purification of the respiratory tract, and is aimed at dilution of sputum, reducing its adhesiveness (viscosity) and thus increase the effectiveness of coughing. The main groups of mucoactive drugs that are usually considered in this case are mucolytics, mucoregulators, mucokinetics, expectorants, and combination drugs. Combination drugs created to eliminate various elements of pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, accompanied by a nonproductive cough and bronchoobstruction, deserve close attention due to the possibility of using several active substances in fixed drug combinations with accurate dosages and proven clinical effectiveness, reducing the number of simultaneously taken drugs, reducing the risk of developing undesirable events. Oral administration of combined medicines becomes especially important in conditions when inhalation therapy is impossible.

scholarly journals Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) and Weaning Status of Infants Admitted in Selected Hospitals of Rajshahi- A Case Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Farhana Yasmin ◽  
Md Jawadul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) include upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections. Infections of the respiratory tract are perhaps the most common human ailment. While they are a source of discomfort, disability and loss of time for most adults, they are a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. ARI may cause inflammation of the respiratory tract anywhere from nose to alveoli, with a wide range of combination of symptoms and signs. ARI in children is most common among others because heir constant contact with other kids who could be virus carriers. Children often don’t wash their hands regularly. They are also more likely to rub their eyes and put their fingers in their mouths, resulting in the spread of viruses. For prevention of malnutrition and infection of child breast feeding is an important determinant of child health in the prevention of malnutrition and infection but in many cultures other food was introduced years before the cessation of breast feeding. In Bangladesh, many infectious diseases such as diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections are the main cause of mortality and morbidity in infants aged less than one year. The importance of breast feeding in the prevention of infectious diseases during infancy is well known. Objective: In this study our main objective is to evaluate the association between ARI of infant and weaning status of infants admitted in selected Hospitals of Rajshahi. Study place and Method: This study provided a wide range of information regarding ARI and weaning status of infants admitted in selected hospitals of Rajshahi and from the surroundings. This was a case control type of study. A total of 230 caregiver or mothers were interviewed. Result & discussion: It was found that the relationship between weaning status of infants and occurrence of ARI was statistically significant (p<0.001). It was showed that majority of the babies of the case group were weaned by Cow’s milk and within the control group by mashed rice. The association between occurrence of ARI and type of weaning food was statistically significant (p<0.001). It was also found that majority of the babies living in rural areas developed ARI and also within the case group majority (29.6%) of the babies who were not exclusively breast fed developed ARI and the association between occurrence of ARI and EBF was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our study suggests that proportion of ARI is more among the infants who were weaned earlier. TAJ 2019; 32(1): 70-81

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Haemophilus influenzae Respiratory Tract Isolates in Korea: Results of a Nationwide Acute Respiratory Infections Surveillance

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songmee Bae ◽  
Jaehoon Lee ◽  
Jaehwa Lee ◽  
Eunah Kim ◽  
Sunhwa Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Multiple Amino Acid ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and β-lactam resistance mechanisms of 544 Haemophilus influenzae isolates through the nationwide Acute Respiratory Infections Surveillance (ARIS) network in Korea during 2005 and 2006 were determined. Resistance to ampicillin was 58.5%, followed by resistance to cefuroxime (23.3%), clarithromycin (18.7%), cefaclor (17.0%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (10.4%), and chloramphenicol (8.1%). Levofloxacin and cefotaxime were the most active agents tested in this study. β-Lactamase production (52.4%) was the main mechanism of ampicillin resistance, affecting 96.1% of TEM-1-type β-lactamase. According to their β-lactam resistance mechanisms, all isolates were classified into the following groups: β-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-sensitive (BLNAS) strains (n = 224; 41.5%); β-lactamase-positive, ampicillin-resistant (BLPAR) strains (n = 255; 47.2%); β-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) strains (n = 33; 6.1%); and β-lactamase-positive, amoxicillin-clavulanate-resistant (BLPACR) strains (n = 28; 5.2%). Among the BLNAR and BLPACR strains, there were various patterns of multiple-amino-acid substitutions in penicillin-binding protein 3. Particularly, among BLNAR, group III isolates, which had three simultaneous substitutions (Met377Ile, Ser385Thr, and Leu389Phe), were identified for the first time in Korea. Three group III strains displayed the highest MIC of cefotaxime (1 to 2 μg/ml). The results indicate the importance of monitoring a changing situation pertaining to the increase and spread of BLNAR and BLPACR strains of H. influenzae for appropriate antibiotic therapy for patients with respiratory tract infections in Korea.

Acute Respiratory Infections in Children: Etiology and Epidemiology

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Floyd W. Denny
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Complete Discussion ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Microbial Agents

Acute respiratory infections are the most common affliction of humans, and their tendency to occur with much greater frequency in children makes them especially important to the pediatrician. A host of microbial agents can cause acute respiratory infections but only a few are responsive to antimicrobial agents. Because of the paucity of definitive laboratory tools that allow the easy recognition of the cause of acute respiratory infections, it is important for the practicing pediatrician to have other methods that aid in the clinical management of children with these infections. It is the purpose of this review to discuss the etiology and epidemiology of acute respiratory infections with emphasis on how this knowledge can guide the clinician in their management. The groundwork for the major emphasis of the paper will be laid by suggesting a classification of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Causative agents will be enumerated and put into perspective. The major factors associated with the occurrence of acute respiratory infections will be discussed in some detail and several risk factors will be evaluated. It is important for the reader to understand that the field of acute respiratory tract infections is so extensive and complex that a complete discussion of the entire field is not possible in this review.

Clinical, epidemiological and etiological features of severe acute respiratory infections in hospitalized patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
S.S. Smirnova ◽  
◽  
E.V. Lelenkova ◽  
A.Yu. Markaryan ◽  
I.V. Vyalykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective. To study the clinical, epidemiological and etiological characteristics of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in in-patients in Ekaterinburg during the epidemic season 2017–2018. Patients and methods. 403 individual medical records were studied. Etiological decoding was carried out by isolating RNA or DNA of respiratory viruses from nasopharyngeal swabs by polymerase chain reaction. Results. SARI in hospitalized patients were caused by both influenza viruses (В Yamagata – 25.2% and А(H1N1)pdm09 – 11.0%) and viruses of non-influenza etiology (respiratory syncytial virus (RS-virus) – 13.3%, rhinovirus – 12.9%, metapneumovirus – 11.0%). It was found that viruses were more often secreted in children than in adults; among children of the younger age group (0–2 years old) viruses of non-influenza etiology were detected significantly more often, and in children 7–14 years old, influenza viruses were more often isolated. Patients with upper respiratory tract infections were significantly more likely to have influenza viruses (78.9%) than patients with lower respiratory tract infections (21.1%). Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the importance of hospital surveillance for SARI from the point of view of the etiological diagnosis of respiratory infections, the study of epidemiology and typical clinical manifestations for the timely diagnosis and development of additional preventive and anti-epidemic measures. Key words: hospital surveillance, influenza, PCR diagnostics, respiratory infections, epidemiology, etiology

Role of natural and synthetic immunotropic agents in the prevention of acute respiratory infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
G.G. Maryin ◽  
◽  
A.V. Tutelyan ◽  
O.A. Gruzdeva ◽  
Yu.A. Goloverova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory tract infections (influenza, acute respiratory infections (ARIs), community-acquired pneumonia, etc.) pose a serious threat to organized groups (including military personnel, cadets, students of military universities, and schools). The most common complication of ARI is community-acquired pneumonia, severe forms of which may result in an unfavorable outcome. The use of some drugs, such as Carmolis ensures a 2.0–3.8 times reduction in the incidence of ARIs in organized groups and a 2.3–3.0 times reduction in the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia. Carmolis has a pronounced non-specific protective effect and increases resistance to respiratory tract infections by promoting nonspecific resistance of the organism. This prevents significant economic damage and reduces the number of complications and poor outcomes. Keywords: organized groups, biological and social emergencies, respiratory tract infections, community-acquired pneumonia, acute respiratory infections, coronavirus infection, Carmolis, non-specific resistance, non-specific prevention of acute respiratory infections, epidemiological effectiveness

Tonsillopharyngitis 1994

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Floyd W. Denny
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Tract Infections

Acute infections of the upper respiratory tract, including those of the tonsils and pharynx, are the most common affliction of humans; their tendency to occur with much greater frequency in children makes them especially important to the pediatrician. A host of microbial agents can cause these infections, but only a few are responsive to antimicrobial agents. Because of the paucity of definitive laboratory tools that allow easy recognition of the cause of most acute respiratory infections, it is important for the practicing pediatrician to have other methods to aid in the clinical management of children who have these infections. This review will discuss the etiology and epidemiology of acute respiratory infections that involve primarily the tonsils and pharynx, with emphasis on how this knowledge can guide clinicians in their management. The groundwork for this approach will be laid by suggesting a classification of upper respiratory tract infections that involve the tonsils and pharynx. Causative agents will be enumerated and put into perspective. The major factors associated with the occurrence of acute upper respiratory tract infections will be discussed. Finally, treatment of the patient who has tonsillopharyngitis will be presented. Uncomplicated acute tonsillopharyngitis will be emphasized primarily and the role of complications only mentioned.

Rational Antibiotic Therapy of Acute Respiratory Infections in Outpatient Practice

2016 ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Uliana Chulovska ◽  
Olha Tolokh
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotics ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Spectrum ◽  
Outpatient Practice ◽  
Tract Infections

The choice of optimal antibiotic therapy in acute respiratory infections is an important and responsible job physician outpatient practices. Macrolide antibiotics are the drugs of choice in many cases of infectious diseases of the respiratory system. Antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacokinetic parameters and safety profile of spiramycin, classic representative of 16-membered macrolides, allow you to use it successfully for the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections.

scholarly journals Study of the Etiology of Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under 5 Years at the Dr. Agostinho Neto Hospital, Praia, Santiago Island, Cabo Verde

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Correia ◽  
Roberto Dorta-Guerra ◽  
Mitza Sanches ◽  
Carmen de Jesús Borges Almeida Semedo ◽  
Basilio Valladares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Cabo Verde ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Santiago Island ◽  
Children Under 5

Background: Acute respiratory infections are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years in developing countries and are a challenge for the health system of these countries. In Cabo Verde, despite the lack of recent studies, data indicate that it affects thousands of children, being the fourth leading cause of infant mortality in 2013. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the etiological agents associated with acute respiratory tract infections in children under 5 years old, and their associated risk factors, such as clinical symptoms or socio-demographic characteristics.Methods: Naso-pharyngeal samples were collected from children under 5 years attending at Dr. Agostinho Neto Hospital (Praia, Santiago Island, Cabo Verde) with suspected ARI at different time-points during 2019. Samples were analyzed using FilmArray® Respiratory Panel v. 2.0 Plus to identify etiological agents of ARI. A questionnaire with socio-demographic information was also collected for each participant. Data analyses were carried out using the IBM SPSS version 25 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY) and R 3.5.1 statistical software.Results: A total of 129 naso-pharyngeal samples were included in the study. Seventeen different etiologic agents of respiratory infections were identified. HRV/EV was the most frequent agent detected, followed by FluA H3 and RSV. Coinfection with two or more pathogens was detected in up to 20% of positive samples. The results were analyzed in terms of age-group, sex, period of the year and other social and demographic factors.Conclusion: Viruses are the main causative agents of ARI in children &lt;5 years attending at the pediatrics service at the Dr. Agostinho Neto Hospital in Praia city, Santiago Island, Cabo Verde. Some factors are described in this study as statistically associated with the presence of an infectious agent, such as having one or more children sharing the bedroom with an adult and the presence of some clinical symptoms. The data addresses the need for studies on respiratory tract infections in Cabo Verde.

scholarly journals Prevention of bacterial respiratory tract infections in children

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
I. M. Melnikova ◽  
Y. L. Mizernitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Bacterial Extract ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Tract Infections

The analytical review is devoted to modern methods of immunotherapy of respiratory infections in childhood. The article provides literature data and the authors' findings related to the evaluation of clinical effectiveness of the bacterial extract Broncho-Vaxom in the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory infections in children.

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