scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Haemophilus influenzae Respiratory Tract Isolates in Korea: Results of a Nationwide Acute Respiratory Infections Surveillance

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songmee Bae ◽  
Jaehoon Lee ◽  
Jaehwa Lee ◽  
Eunah Kim ◽  
Sunhwa Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Multiple Amino Acid ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and β-lactam resistance mechanisms of 544 Haemophilus influenzae isolates through the nationwide Acute Respiratory Infections Surveillance (ARIS) network in Korea during 2005 and 2006 were determined. Resistance to ampicillin was 58.5%, followed by resistance to cefuroxime (23.3%), clarithromycin (18.7%), cefaclor (17.0%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (10.4%), and chloramphenicol (8.1%). Levofloxacin and cefotaxime were the most active agents tested in this study. β-Lactamase production (52.4%) was the main mechanism of ampicillin resistance, affecting 96.1% of TEM-1-type β-lactamase. According to their β-lactam resistance mechanisms, all isolates were classified into the following groups: β-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-sensitive (BLNAS) strains (n = 224; 41.5%); β-lactamase-positive, ampicillin-resistant (BLPAR) strains (n = 255; 47.2%); β-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) strains (n = 33; 6.1%); and β-lactamase-positive, amoxicillin-clavulanate-resistant (BLPACR) strains (n = 28; 5.2%). Among the BLNAR and BLPACR strains, there were various patterns of multiple-amino-acid substitutions in penicillin-binding protein 3. Particularly, among BLNAR, group III isolates, which had three simultaneous substitutions (Met377Ile, Ser385Thr, and Leu389Phe), were identified for the first time in Korea. Three group III strains displayed the highest MIC of cefotaxime (1 to 2 μg/ml). The results indicate the importance of monitoring a changing situation pertaining to the increase and spread of BLNAR and BLPACR strains of H. influenzae for appropriate antibiotic therapy for patients with respiratory tract infections in Korea.

scholarly journals Menginisiasi Perilaku Positif Masyarakat Tentang Penyakit ISPA di Desa Muntoi Timur Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Hamzah B
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Tract Infections

Acute respiratory tract infections are diseases of the upper or lower respiratory tract, which can cause a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from asymptomatic or mild infections to deadly diseases. The high cases of acute respiratory infections in East Muntoi Village are caused by the arrival of the dry season which causes a lot of dust and hot weather as well as the lack of public knowledge about acute respiratory infections. The aim of this service is to increase the knowledge of the people of Muntoi Timur Village, Passi Barat District, Bolaang Mongondow Regency, about acute respiratory infections. This community service is carried out in Muntoi Timur Village, Passi Barat District with the target of hamlets 04 and 05. The methods used are phased from the planning (pre-test), the implementation phase (health education) and the evaluation stage (post-test). The results of this activity are increased public knowledge about the understanding, causes, risk factors, symptoms, prevention and management of acute respiratory infections. It is suggested that the active role of health workers be needed to always provide health education to the community related to acute respiratory infections, so that the community can improve their health independently.

scholarly journals Place of combination drugs in the therapy of acute bronchitis in children

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
N. G. Kolosova ◽  
I. V. Grebeneva ◽  
V. D. Denisova ◽  
E. M. Maksimova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Bronchitis ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Nonproductive Cough ◽  
Combination Drugs ◽  
Tract Infections

Acute respiratory tract infections accompanied by cough play a significant role in respiratory pathology in childhood. The incidence of acute respiratory infections among children is 4–5 times higher than among the adult population and accounts for more than 90% of all infectious and parasitic diseases registered in Russia. The highest rates of acute respiratory infections are observed among children of preschool age, especially in the first three years of life. As in adults, children’s cough, described as a symptom of «upper respiratory infection» or «acute bronchitis», is the most commonly diagnosed acute manifestation in primary care. These 2 diagnoses represent 75% of all cough cases. The most common etiological agents in acute bronchitis are respiratory viruses: adenovirus, influenza viruses and parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, human Bocavirus, Coxsackievirus, herpes simplex virus, etc. Drug therapy for coughing is prescribed when there is a nonproductive cough that does not perform its protective function, meaning it does not contribute to the purification of the respiratory tract, and is aimed at dilution of sputum, reducing its adhesiveness (viscosity) and thus increase the effectiveness of coughing. The main groups of mucoactive drugs that are usually considered in this case are mucolytics, mucoregulators, mucokinetics, expectorants, and combination drugs. Combination drugs created to eliminate various elements of pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, accompanied by a nonproductive cough and bronchoobstruction, deserve close attention due to the possibility of using several active substances in fixed drug combinations with accurate dosages and proven clinical effectiveness, reducing the number of simultaneously taken drugs, reducing the risk of developing undesirable events. Oral administration of combined medicines becomes especially important in conditions when inhalation therapy is impossible.

scholarly journals Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) and Weaning Status of Infants Admitted in Selected Hospitals of Rajshahi- A Case Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Farhana Yasmin ◽  
Md Jawadul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) include upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections. Infections of the respiratory tract are perhaps the most common human ailment. While they are a source of discomfort, disability and loss of time for most adults, they are a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. ARI may cause inflammation of the respiratory tract anywhere from nose to alveoli, with a wide range of combination of symptoms and signs. ARI in children is most common among others because heir constant contact with other kids who could be virus carriers. Children often don’t wash their hands regularly. They are also more likely to rub their eyes and put their fingers in their mouths, resulting in the spread of viruses. For prevention of malnutrition and infection of child breast feeding is an important determinant of child health in the prevention of malnutrition and infection but in many cultures other food was introduced years before the cessation of breast feeding. In Bangladesh, many infectious diseases such as diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections are the main cause of mortality and morbidity in infants aged less than one year. The importance of breast feeding in the prevention of infectious diseases during infancy is well known. Objective: In this study our main objective is to evaluate the association between ARI of infant and weaning status of infants admitted in selected Hospitals of Rajshahi. Study place and Method: This study provided a wide range of information regarding ARI and weaning status of infants admitted in selected hospitals of Rajshahi and from the surroundings. This was a case control type of study. A total of 230 caregiver or mothers were interviewed. Result & discussion: It was found that the relationship between weaning status of infants and occurrence of ARI was statistically significant (p<0.001). It was showed that majority of the babies of the case group were weaned by Cow’s milk and within the control group by mashed rice. The association between occurrence of ARI and type of weaning food was statistically significant (p<0.001). It was also found that majority of the babies living in rural areas developed ARI and also within the case group majority (29.6%) of the babies who were not exclusively breast fed developed ARI and the association between occurrence of ARI and EBF was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our study suggests that proportion of ARI is more among the infants who were weaned earlier. TAJ 2019; 32(1): 70-81

Acute Respiratory Infections in Children: Etiology and Epidemiology

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Floyd W. Denny
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Complete Discussion ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Microbial Agents

Acute respiratory infections are the most common affliction of humans, and their tendency to occur with much greater frequency in children makes them especially important to the pediatrician. A host of microbial agents can cause acute respiratory infections but only a few are responsive to antimicrobial agents. Because of the paucity of definitive laboratory tools that allow the easy recognition of the cause of acute respiratory infections, it is important for the practicing pediatrician to have other methods that aid in the clinical management of children with these infections. It is the purpose of this review to discuss the etiology and epidemiology of acute respiratory infections with emphasis on how this knowledge can guide the clinician in their management. The groundwork for the major emphasis of the paper will be laid by suggesting a classification of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Causative agents will be enumerated and put into perspective. The major factors associated with the occurrence of acute respiratory infections will be discussed in some detail and several risk factors will be evaluated. It is important for the reader to understand that the field of acute respiratory tract infections is so extensive and complex that a complete discussion of the entire field is not possible in this review.

Clinical, epidemiological and etiological features of severe acute respiratory infections in hospitalized patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
S.S. Smirnova ◽  
◽  
E.V. Lelenkova ◽  
A.Yu. Markaryan ◽  
I.V. Vyalykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective. To study the clinical, epidemiological and etiological characteristics of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in in-patients in Ekaterinburg during the epidemic season 2017–2018. Patients and methods. 403 individual medical records were studied. Etiological decoding was carried out by isolating RNA or DNA of respiratory viruses from nasopharyngeal swabs by polymerase chain reaction. Results. SARI in hospitalized patients were caused by both influenza viruses (В Yamagata – 25.2% and А(H1N1)pdm09 – 11.0%) and viruses of non-influenza etiology (respiratory syncytial virus (RS-virus) – 13.3%, rhinovirus – 12.9%, metapneumovirus – 11.0%). It was found that viruses were more often secreted in children than in adults; among children of the younger age group (0–2 years old) viruses of non-influenza etiology were detected significantly more often, and in children 7–14 years old, influenza viruses were more often isolated. Patients with upper respiratory tract infections were significantly more likely to have influenza viruses (78.9%) than patients with lower respiratory tract infections (21.1%). Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the importance of hospital surveillance for SARI from the point of view of the etiological diagnosis of respiratory infections, the study of epidemiology and typical clinical manifestations for the timely diagnosis and development of additional preventive and anti-epidemic measures. Key words: hospital surveillance, influenza, PCR diagnostics, respiratory infections, epidemiology, etiology

Role of natural and synthetic immunotropic agents in the prevention of acute respiratory infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
G.G. Maryin ◽  
◽  
A.V. Tutelyan ◽  
O.A. Gruzdeva ◽  
Yu.A. Goloverova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory tract infections (influenza, acute respiratory infections (ARIs), community-acquired pneumonia, etc.) pose a serious threat to organized groups (including military personnel, cadets, students of military universities, and schools). The most common complication of ARI is community-acquired pneumonia, severe forms of which may result in an unfavorable outcome. The use of some drugs, such as Carmolis ensures a 2.0–3.8 times reduction in the incidence of ARIs in organized groups and a 2.3–3.0 times reduction in the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia. Carmolis has a pronounced non-specific protective effect and increases resistance to respiratory tract infections by promoting nonspecific resistance of the organism. This prevents significant economic damage and reduces the number of complications and poor outcomes. Keywords: organized groups, biological and social emergencies, respiratory tract infections, community-acquired pneumonia, acute respiratory infections, coronavirus infection, Carmolis, non-specific resistance, non-specific prevention of acute respiratory infections, epidemiological effectiveness

scholarly journals Diversity of Ampicillin Resistance Genes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Haemophilus influenzae Strains Isolated in Korea

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Suk Kim ◽  
Chang-Seok Ki ◽  
Sunjoo Kim ◽  
Won Sup Oh ◽  
Kyong Ran Peck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Ampicillin Resistance ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Lactamase Gene ◽  
First Time ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACT By Etest determination of the susceptibilities of 229 Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated in Korea to 10 antibiotics, the isolates were found to be antibiotic nonsusceptible in the following order: ampicillin (58.1%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (52%), cefaclor (41.1%), clarithromycin (25.8%), chloramphenicol (14.0%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (13.5%), meropenem (11.7%), cefixime (10.9%), cefuroxime (9.2%), and levofloxacin (1.3%). The prevalences of each resistance class were 23.6% for β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-susceptible (BLNAS) strains; 37.6% for strains with the TEM-1 type β-lactamase gene; 1.3% for strains with the ROB-1 type β-lactamase gene; 29.3% for the β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) strains with a mutation in the ftsI gene, which encodes PBP 3; and 8.3% for β-lactamase-positive amoxicillin-clavulanate-resistant (BLPACR) strains, which showed both resistance mechanisms (i.e., a β-lactamase gene and a mutation in the ftsI gene). The MIC50s of all β-lactams, including cephem and meropenem agents, for the BLNAR strains were two to three times higher than those for the BLNAS strains. This study confirms that the prevalence of BLNAR and BLPACR strains is relatively high and for the first time confirms the presence of H. influenzae strains carrying bla ROB-1 in Korea. Even though mutations in another gene(s) might be involved in β-lactam resistance, these results suggest that mutations in the ftsI gene are important for the development of resistance to β-lactams in H. influenzae strains in Korea.

scholarly journals Inhibitor-protected amoxicillin with increased amoxicillin content and active ingredients ratio of 14:1: the use for treatment of community-acquired respiratory infections and ENT infections in children. Expert Council Resolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Roman S. Kozlov ◽  
◽  
Alexander I. Sinopalnikov ◽  
Olga V. Zaitseva ◽  
Sergey K. Zyryanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Education Medical ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Russian Research

The meeting of Expert Council, which included representatives of leading Russian research and higher education medical institutions, took place in Moscow. The Council discussed approaches to therapy of respiratory tract infections and ENT infections in children considering the global increase in antimicrobial resistance of respiratory tract pathogens. Special attention was paid to the use of new dosage form of amoxicillin-clavulanate 14:1, as well as to defining the category of patients to whom it is advisable to prescribe the high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate.

Tonsillopharyngitis 1994

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Floyd W. Denny
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Tract Infections

Acute infections of the upper respiratory tract, including those of the tonsils and pharynx, are the most common affliction of humans; their tendency to occur with much greater frequency in children makes them especially important to the pediatrician. A host of microbial agents can cause these infections, but only a few are responsive to antimicrobial agents. Because of the paucity of definitive laboratory tools that allow easy recognition of the cause of most acute respiratory infections, it is important for the practicing pediatrician to have other methods to aid in the clinical management of children who have these infections. This review will discuss the etiology and epidemiology of acute respiratory infections that involve primarily the tonsils and pharynx, with emphasis on how this knowledge can guide clinicians in their management. The groundwork for this approach will be laid by suggesting a classification of upper respiratory tract infections that involve the tonsils and pharynx. Causative agents will be enumerated and put into perspective. The major factors associated with the occurrence of acute upper respiratory tract infections will be discussed. Finally, treatment of the patient who has tonsillopharyngitis will be presented. Uncomplicated acute tonsillopharyngitis will be emphasized primarily and the role of complications only mentioned.

Occurrence of blaTEM and blaROB in Haemophilus species Causing Respiratory Tract Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-388
Author(s):  
Prerna Khurana ◽  
Suchitra Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Emergence of resistance to some antibiotics in Haemophilus influenzae, a respiratory pathogen is a cause of concern. The aim is to study the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Haemophilus isolates from respiratory infections with reference to beta-lactam resistance. Methods: This is a laboratory based prospective study done in the department of microbiology in a tertiary care center after institutional ethics committee clearance. Haemophilus influenzae isolates from respiratory tract specimens over a period of one year were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests. Beta-lactamase production was detected by nitrocefin disc. hpd gene, blaTEM and blaROB genes were detected by PCR. The data was analysed using SPSS 11.5 version. Results: Of the 162 isolates, 89.5% were from sputum specimens. Ampicillin resistance was seen in 5 (3.09%) isolates. The ampicillin resistant strains were positive for beta-lactamase enzyme and blaTEM gene. BLNAR and isolates with blaROB gene were not found. Conclusion: In case of Haemophilus influenzae respiratory tract infection empirical treatment with amoxicillin clavulanate or third generation cephalosporin may be the drugs of choice in our geographic area.

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