Current problems of utilization of natural resource potential of territorial communities in Ukraine in the conditions of decentralization

Author(s):  
Nazariy Popadynets ◽  
Iryna Leshchukh

Under the current processes of consolidation of territorial communities, the policy of their social, economic and ecological stability based on efficient nature management is related to the condition and nature of the use of natural resources by people in their activity to maintain their existence. Conducting economic activity, people use various natural resources. Therefore, objective and distinct assessment of natural resources is of particular importance. The development of a territory and entities located there depend on this assessment. Natural resources capacity is considered in modern science as the most important factors of economic development of both the regions and the country in general. The paper aims to research the problems of the use of natural resources capacity of a territorial community and to define the ways of their efficient use. Scientific approaches to classification of natural resources capacity of a territorial community are systematized and its nature is outlined. The structure of natural resources capacity of territorial communities is formed. Main problems of the use of natural resources capacity of territorial communities are defined. Conceptual and structural model of natural resources capacity of a territorial community is characterized. Major aspects of forming of modern financial-economic mechanism of capitalization of a community’s natural resources are examined. The paper reveals that natural resources capacity of territorial communities provides an opportunity to improve the level of financial capacity of a community by filling local budgets through the development of relevant territories. The approaches to the improvement of the efficiency of the use of natural resources by territorial communities in conditions of authorities’ decentralization in Ukraine are suggested.

2021 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 01026
Author(s):  
Oleksii Hutsaliuk ◽  
Iuliiа Bondar ◽  
Nataliіа Sereda ◽  
Oksana Babych ◽  
Inna Shchoholieva

In the modern world, the question of the interaction of society and nature is one of the most acute problems among those facing humanity. Today, rapid economic development is causing a significant increase in the use and, consequently, depletion of natural resources. This necessitates the search for a new economic model that could break the link between economic growth and the depletion of natural resources. The study substantiates the theoretical aspects of eco-tourism as an important component of the strategy of sustainable development of tourism in Ukraine. The priority directions of sustainable development of tourism in the context of modernization of economic activity of Ukraine are outlined. The main directions of greening of the tourist sphere are considered. The main functions and principles of eco-tourism are formed and the relevance of the research and the need to develop prospects for the development of eco-tourism in Ukraine are substantiated. The concept of circular economy is a new economic model that manages the development of ecotourism, which allows to resolve the growing contradiction between the need to meet the growing needs of tourists and the limited number of natural, social, economic resources of host destinations in a deteriorating environment.


2020 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Anna Ermakova ◽  
Ludmila Oznobihina ◽  
Tatiana Avilova

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of nature management in Mongolia. The natural resource potential of Mongolia, which includes mineral, land, water, biological and recreational resources, is shown. Administrative and legal mechanisms for managing natural resources in Mongolia and Russia are analyzed. Similar management methods of the two countries and distinctive aspects are revealed. For a more detailed consideration of the nature management features of Mongolia, the SWOT analysis method was used to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Establishing chains of links between them can be useful in the future for formulating a country’s strategy for the use of natural resources.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1(74)) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
O.V. SADCHENKO ◽  
I.V. ROBUL

Topicality. It is relevant to determine the equilibrium dynamic state of the system based on the harmonization of the interaction between economic and environmental subsystems in the market space. The product of the economy of experience is: a product or service plus additional profit from experience. Impression - entertainment, training, the possibility of personal participation, self-expression, the development of social contacts and skills (socialization) and more, these are added value factors. Additional costs in the originality or uniqueness of a product or service are paid off and bring additional profit. Therefore, goods or services related to natural resources or conditions are especially relevant. The economics of experience should be considered in the economic and environmental marketing space, which will allow to form the price of goods and services that increases in the first case (location) from the additional costs for rent and additional profit for the uniqueness of receiving a service in this area or increasing due to the impression of a product or service and overlapping cost of services. In the second case, the price of the service is adjusted relative to additional costs and profits for the originality of the provision of impression services. That is, we can consider differential rents of the first and second order taking into account the environmental factor. Rent in the conditions of the economy of experience - additional income received by the entrepreneur in excess of a certain profit for the uniqueness of the location of his activities and capital; the formation of environmental rents, when considering the natural resource potential, is due to more favorable location conditions in which one entrepreneur is in front of another, not in equal conditions. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to determine the economic and environmental marketing space in the context of the development of the economy of experience by substantiating the theoretical and scientific-practical foundations of the formation of the mechanism of economic and environmental innovative development. Research results. Issues related to the “economy of experience” make it possible to go to that level of economic development that allows you to take advantage of the competitive advantages of this enterprise. When considering the innovation and ecological space, competitive advantages can be used more effectively in terms of attracting impressions to meet the needs of both the B2B, B2C market and international markets. Impression marketing is an additional human activity that relates to the market in the conditions of fierce competition and a saturated market, when its principles serve as the only possible way to ensure profitability and plus additional profitability of production, growth and development of the enterprise. Market orientation determines the main areas of economic activity and evaluates its results by the value of the final income. A distinctive feature of such a service is that it can exist only with the relationship between the buyer of the service, the manufacturer of the service and the “additional service”, which does not always depend on the manufacturer of the service, but is formed depending on the location, historical value of the place or the unusual nature of the service , that is, from the uniqueness of the provision of this service. So, in fact, the consumer pays for a pleasant, sometimes unforgettable experience, and the producer (owner) of this service overpays (relative to the average price level) for rent or for the purchase of additional fixed assets (or additional investments). The manufacturer must have compensation for the "overpayment" and, of course, additional profit. So, the consumer pays extra money for an additional service-impression, and the owner also pays extra either for renting a room or for the additional supply of this service, that is, “impression” is the additional costs that are reflected in the price of the goods. An impression in the economic sense is additional costs and additional profit. Only ecologically high-quality goods and the same high-quality environmental services are in real demand in the market and can attract consumers. Proceeding both from the interests of society as a whole and each member of the society, it is necessary to use new forms of organizing production, business and labor, improving the structure of production and economic activity, taking into account national characteristics of nature management. The condition for the formation of environmental rents is not only the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the resource (resource-goods - land), but also the environmental characteristics of this resource and products grown on this site. Therefore, with the expenditure of equal capital, they give a different quantity and quality of products. Ecological rent can be formed on the worst land fertility, but the best environmental characteristics. At the same time, lands of higher categories can be removed from agricultural circulation in connection with an environmental disaster. Therefore, in an economy of experience, when determining the price of “decision making”, environmental components must be taken into account, however, environmental degradation, depletion of natural resources, and excessive pollution indicate failures in the market mechanism. The economics of experience in modern conditions can change this negative practice. Conclusion. In modern conditions of economic development, a fundamentally new environmental policy of the state is needed, which would clearly define the strategy and tactics for improving relations between society, production and nature, the optimal combination of environmental, economic and marketing positions. In this regard, multidimensional studies of marketing systems that are part of integrated socio-ecological-economic systems, combined by information flows, are needed. In the process of formation of market structures of the economics of experience, the task is to combine the interests of the economy, society and improve the environment. Reducing pollution and conserving natural resources becomes beneficial to the economics of experience. If earlier the interests of economics and ecology were located in the plane of conflicts, now in the ecological and economic space their interests coincide: the producer receives additional profit, while improving the environment.


2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2(67)) ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
A.I. MARTIENKO ◽  
N.I. KHUMAROVA ◽  
O.S. GOLIKOVA

Topicality. Current high socioeconomic (public) request for recreational and tourist services and the inadequate use of available natural resources in Ukraine as recreational make it necessary to find directions for diversification of their rational use for expanding recreational and tourist activities and related species.Aim and tasks. Purpose of the article is to determine the conceptual approaches to the diversification processes development in the use of natural resources around the territory of Kuyalnitsky estuary, that are aimed at revealing its potential and expansion of business activities of enterprises and districts in general.Research results. According to the analysis of financial and economic indicators of administrative units (Bilyaivskyi, Ivanivsky and Limansky districts), adjacent to the Kuyalnitsky estuary, and the aim, the authors conclude that the traditional use of natural resources in agriculture and industry does not provide the proper level of socio-economic development of the districts and they are not financially self-sufficient. Consequently, the economic activity in the Kuyalnitsky estuary basin is focused on agriculture and industrial production, but this territory diversification of the natural resource potential use in the direction of recreational and tourist activity as an alternative to existing types of production is required. The processes of diversification will consist in the production of environmentally friendly products and services to meet the needs of recreational activities, as recreational activity will contribute to increasing demand for them. To start diversification of economic activities types, which will provide synergistic effect and increase economic indicators of the development of areas around the Kuyalnitsky estuary is proposed. Among the areas of natural resources diversification of the estuary, it is proposed to consider the development of a network of sanatorium and resort establishments, enterprises of cosmetic products creation, as well as beauty salons with the use of the resource potential of the Kuyalnitsky estuary (brine, mud, salt, blue clay, phyto-preparations).Conclusions. The districts located around the Kuyalnitsky estuary have rich recreational natural resources, but do not use them fully in economic activity. In fact, there is only one sanatorium that uses mud and peloids of the estuary. The budgets of these districts do not cover their expenditures and receive subsidies from the regional budget, and the lack of proper implementation of the environmental legislation has led to the almost critical environmental situation of the Kuyalnitsky estuary. In order to improve the current situation, the authors propose to direct economic activities diversification processes of economic entities for the tourism development, in particular, rural, green, ecological, cognitive with the provision of medical services on the basis of unique mud of the estuary, taking into account ecosystem and polyfunctional approaches that will ensure the use , preservation and protection of a unique natural object.


Author(s):  
Kseneya Shurda

The purpose of marine economic activities is to obtain economic, social, scientific, political, military and other types of effect to ensure sustainable development of Ukraine. The article discusses the characteristic features of marine economic activities, substantiates the need to clarify the widely used concept of "marine activity", given in the "Marine Doctrine of Ukraine for the period up to 2035", offers a more correct interpretation of this concept. The necessity of coordinating the actions of the entities operating in the sea space and in the coastal zone, which carry out various types of marine economic activity, is proved, possible types of marine economic activity are given. It is proposed to use the National Classifier of Ukraine "Classification of Economic Activities Types" to create a classification scheme for types of marine economic activities. The advantages and disadvantages of its application are presented, as well as the possibility of forming on its basis a detailed classification of types marine economic activity. The necessity of integrated management of marine economic activity is substantiated in order to remove existing and prevent future contradictions, as well as to coordinate the actions of economic entities. It is shown that integrated management will fully ensure the rational use of the marine environment, its resources and sustainable development of seaside regions. Particular attention in the article is paid to the issues of ecologization of the marine economic complex on the basis of the inclusion an ecological factor in the financial-economic relations of marine economic activity and the stimulation of the rational use of marine resources. The priority tasks for the construction of an economic mechanism for marine nature-exploitation have been formulated, taking into account the peculiarities of the development the seaside regions of Ukraine, the national marine policy and types of marine activities. A system of tools is presented, which are the basis for the formation of an economic-ecological mechanism of marine nature-exploitation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 560-563
Author(s):  
N. Kostadinova

Agriculture affects nature and natural resources, changes the environment, and causes environmental problems. But as an economic activity it is directly related to natural conditions and dependent on natural forces. And nature management leads to environmental consequences. Organic farming has a lesser impact on the environment and contributes to its protection. The purpose of this study is to monitor the impact of organic farming on ecology and environmental protection. To achieve this goal the following tasks are solved: analyzing the state and development of organic farming in Bulgaria; studying the impact between organic farming and ecology; to substantiate the conclusions and recommendations of the study The methods and approaches used to achieve the goal and solve the problems are analysis and synthesis, systematic, synergetic and structural approach, induction and deduction, statistical methods, expert evaluations. The expectations of the study are to establish that there is a potential for the growth of organic farming which has an impact on environmental protection.


Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
E. V. Luneva

The paper has demonstrated that term “environmental losses” not existing in the legislation is often applied in the theory of environmental law and in law enforcement. In doctrinal sources, legal stances of higher courts, specific court decisions, “environmental losses” are used in a narrow sense. Environmental losses are associated solely with unlawful actions causing or allegedly causing harm to the environment. The paper contains the author’s definition of “environmental losses” in a broader ecological and legal contexts. The author suggests that environmental losses mean irrecoverable or long-term recoverable losses of individual components of the natural environment, natural and natural-anthropogenic objects, as well as violation of direct and reverse links between the elements of an ecological system emerging as the result of both unlawful and lawful actions of natural users or events of natural origin. A broader understanding of “environmental losses” is relevant to the environmental legal regulation of legal liability or economic regulation in the field of environmental protection. Environmental losses are classified according to the nature of the loss of a natural resource potential (absolute and relative) depending on renewability of natural resources (arising from the use of non-renewable natural resources, the long-term restoration of renewable natural resources, and the depletion of renewable natural resources). The paper has proven the importance of differentiation of environmental losses to separate rational nature management from other types of nature management and its effective legal support.


Author(s):  
Jaroslav Jánský

Approved strategy of sustainable development of the Czech Republic is based on three pillars of defensibility, namely social, economic and environmental. The paper is focused on the third pillar that includes field of natural resources. It is solved in municipalities of chosen micro-regions in the Czech Republic compared with level in particular regions. In term of chosen indicators it is concerned with the coefficient analysis of ecological stability of landscape.Furthermore in the paper there are analysed chosen problems in the sphere of environment protection in particular districts where chosen micro-regions are situated. Analysis of environment protection is realized in years 2002–2008. Protection of environment is evaluated by indicators such as e.g. environmental assets and non-investment expenditures and emissions.


Author(s):  
Oleksandr Chumachenko

The article provides a comparative analysis of the structure of taxes and fees on the use of real estate in European countries. An analysis of the redistribution of fiscal payments of EU member states and some post-Soviet countries. The fiscal system is an important tool for the state redistribution of natural resource rent payments. As you know, the tax system is one of the main levers for creating favorable conditions for socio-economic development of the state and the greening of the environment. Research related to the study of the rental phenomenon has a long history. The concept of rent began to take shape long before the active discussion in economics. The article reveals the essence of the concept of rent and investigates the mechanisms of redistribution of rent payments from the use of natural resources. As you know, the taxation system, along with the legal and judicial systems, is one of the main levers for creating favorable conditions for socio-economic development of the state and the greening of the environment. The structure of real estate includes land resources (land plots), which form the basis of further economic activity. Owners or users of natural resources in the course of economic activity receive rent or income from the use of real estate. Rent payments from the use of natural resources (nature use) affect the filling of the budgets of many countries through the system of taxation of individuals and legal entities. In this way, local budgets, the state treasury, stabilization funds and funding for environmental protection and natural resources formed. Analyzing the state and intensity of nature management was found that the economic efficiency of use and redistribution of natural resource payments of European countries is significantly heterogeneous. In European countries, with a high level of development, the share of rent payments from the use of natural resources is insignificant, without the disadvantages of resource-oriented economies. The structure of budget revenues from the use of real estate, including land tax analyzed. The redistribution of fiscal payments for land in European countries on payments from sale (gift, inheritance), from use (actually land tax), from registration (registration fee) and other payments provided by the legislation of the country.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1(38)) ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
G. Denisyk ◽  
A. Kizyun ◽  
L. Ataman ◽  
V. Kansky ◽  
M. Shmagelskaya

Problem Statement and Purpose. The problem of rational use of regional and local features of natural conditions and natural resources in the development of modern communities is relevant; constructive-geographical and constructive-landscape research in this process should solve the problem of rational nature management within the territory of each community. In connection with the active reform of the modern economy, it is necessary to gradually move away from standard methods of using natural resources, taking into account their regional and local features, traditions and customs of economic development. This applies to any region of Ukraine. As an example – considered Podillya, and within its boundaries in more detail the Middle Transnistria. Data & Methods. For the preparation of the article the publications of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of constructive geography and landscape science on the mentioned problem, materials of Vinnytsia regional archive, field constructive-geographical researches during 2010–2020 were used. Methods: comparative-geographical, statistical, analysis and synthesis and generalization. The principle of historicism was used to analyze the dynamics of decentralization processes and the significance of the formation of united territorial communities within Middle Transnistria. The comparative-geographical approach allowed to investigate the spatial differences of regional constructive-geographical research in the economic activity of local communities. Results. It is shown that the peculiar, often unique, nature and landscape of Middle Transnistria is now used irrationally, without taking into account their regional and local specifics. It is noted that constructive and geographical studies have made it possible to develop a plan for the rational use of natural resources of Middle Transnistria by local communities, taking into account their specifics, historical traditions, customs and modern needs. It includes both the restoration of traditional and effective in the past (winemaking, horticulture, mulberry, tobacco production), the reconstruction of modern individual industries and the development of new ones (recreation, extreme tourism, modern crafts). Taking into account regional and local peculiarities of natural conditions and resources not only of Middle Transnistria, but also of any region of Ukraine is one of the directions to the prosperity of local communities, preservation and rational use of nature and landscape of their territories.


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