Features of shadowing the sphere of information and communication services at the national and regional levels

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Roman Yaremchuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High Level

Based on the assessment of the features and basic preconditions for the shadowing of ICT services in the regions of Ukraine, it is substantiated that a significant level of its shadowing, especially in the IT sector, is an unfavorable factor that limits the positive effects and structural changes in Ukraine’s socio-economic system and also hinders the most complete and effective realization of its development potential. It is established that lack of effective judicial system and specialized standard and legal base, and also the low level of ICT services domestic market development and generally low investment appeal of our country’s economic system remains the main obstacles which hinder the achievement of the high level of the Ukrainian ICT sector development and increase in competitiveness of its services on a global scale. It leads not only to the deepening lag of the ICT services sector of Ukraine from its main competitors on a global scale, but also to maintaining a high level of its shadowing, which negatively affects the prospects of the national economy and increasing the efficiency of its potential in ensuring economic development of the regions of Ukraine. The maximum positive impact of the ICT services sector in the development of the economic system is possible only if it, in addition to increasing its competitiveness in the global IT market, will contribute to the growth and improvement of the domestic IT market through the implementation of experience gained in the economic systems of developed countries in creation and introduction of modern innovative technologies, products, methods of organization and management of business processes. The positive impact of the ICT services sector on the internal IT market development in Ukraine is significantly limited by numerous regulatory and economic barriers, which together with the high level of the shadow economy, both in the ICT services sector and in the economic system of Ukraine in general, noticeably reduce its investment attractiveness for foreign and domestic investors. According to the assessment of the shadow economy level in the ICT services sector of Ukraine in 2013-2018 by the method of unprofitable enterprises, the interdependence between changes in the level of the shadow economy in ICT services sector and some parameters of its productivity in the economic system is defined. It allowed to find out the main reasons for the shadowing and the threats of its growth in the ICT services sector in Ukraine, and also to identify possible ways to overcome them in the near future.

scholarly journals Positive impact of international companies on development of knowledge economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Polyakov
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Basic Program ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
International Companies

In recent years, all economically developed countries of the world experience formation of knowledge economy as the highest stage of postindustrial economy development. International companies, basing their activity on accumulation of human capital according to the principles of innovativeness, scientific nature, continuity and progressiveness, play an important role in activation of this process. Owing to global nature of their activity it influences all spheres of human life in the world, improving it, as well as having an adverse impact (enhancement of poverty in some regions of the word, environment pollution, etc.). Achievement of these conditions of sustainable economic growth is possible just by the way of prevention of the adverse impact, which, among other things, depends on the active social position of the management of international companies. Therefore this paper is aimed at identification of priority focuses of socially responsible activity of international companies. This goal was achieved through generalization of basic program initiatives of the activity of three companies, leading in innovations (Apple, Samsung and IBM). Adoption of the above-mentioned initiatives by other companies of the world as guides while developing their own development strategy has to facilitate the growth of positive effects from enhancement of knowledge economy in the world.

The Role of Cognitive Skills in Economic Development

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A Hanushek ◽  
Ludger Woessmann
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
School Quality ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
School Attainment ◽  
High Level

The role of improved schooling, a central part of most development strategies, has become controversial because expansion of school attainment has not guaranteed improved economic conditions. This paper reviews the role of cognitive skills in promoting economic well-being, with a particular focus on the role of school quality and quantity. It concludes that there is strong evidence that the cognitive skills of the population—rather than mere school attainment—are powerfully related to individual earnings, to the distribution of income, and to economic growth. New empirical results show the importance of both minimal and high level skills, the complementarity of skills and the quality of economic institutions, and the robustness of the relationship between skills and growth. International comparisons incorporating expanded data on cognitive skills reveal much larger skill deficits in developing countries than generally derived from just school enrollment and attainment. The magnitude of change needed makes clear that closing the economic gap with developed countries will require major structural changes in schooling institutions.

MEDICAL TOURISM: WORLD TRENDS AND DOMESTIC DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Olha Psarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

Medical tourism is a rapidly growing industry on a global scale. There is a growing tendency for citizens of more developed countries to seek medical services in developing countries. This is connected not only with the pricing policy, which is more loyal, but also with the insurance system, with the presence of waiting lists, with the legislative framework, and religion. The high level of service delivery and the competitiveness of the state is the result of an effective state policy. The article gives the definition of the concept, the terminology of medical tourism, considers the types and directions of medical tourism development, the legislative framework of Ukraine for the provision of certain types of medical services. Risks and negative sides, problems faced by tourists, global challenges of the industry and prospects for overcoming them are considered.

scholarly journals RETHINKING FINANCIAL AND MONETARY POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF MARKET TRANSFORMATION AND PROSPECTIVE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonina Bazyliuk
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Technological Condition ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Deficit Model ◽  
Market Transformation ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

The article is dedicated to the issue of adequacy of financial resources for structural changes in the context of market transformation of Ukraine’s economy. It was determined that formal character and uncompleted market reforms in most cases had resulted a strong motivational environment to reduce the domestic development potential and the spread of the shadow economy. The decisive factor in the implementation of the relevant changes was the use of cheap labor, which allowed maintaining a high level of employment, but at the cost of falling efficiency and profitability of production. The GDP cut by almost half but unemployment rate achieved 2%, and not only the labor force but also the enterprises that were privatized depreciated. The funds raised from their sale served as an additional, but very limited, source of public finance. The objects of privatization were depreciated enterprises, the funds from which served as an additional, but very limited, source to public finance. Their permanent deficit with falling GDP required a stronger tax component to offset rising government spending. The article presents the consequences of using a deficit model of the economy financing, in particular: falling GDP, including GDP per capita, the formation of a large power of the self-employed population, a significant spread of the shadow economy and the associated large stratification, development of inflationary processes, strengthening of tax pressure on legal business, deteriorating technical and technological condition of enterprises, lack of investment resources in their renewal, a significant amount of non-performing loans, which limits the motivation to invest as well as essential accumulation of debts. The proposals are made to change the model of economy financing via the transition to domestic sources of expanding effective demand, which stimulates increased productivity through innovation and investment. The implementation of this model involves a consistent increase in the cost of labor, consistent with the reduction of the tax burden, strengthening incentives to reduce costs and increase efficiency and provides expanded investment based on increasing domestic demand.

Beschäftigungswirkungen von Auslandsinvestitionen: das Beispiel Japan

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Legewie
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Japanese Industry ◽  
Overseas Investment ◽  
Japanese Fdi ◽  
High Level

AbstractThis article offers an analysis of the domestic employment effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) for Japan between 1991 and 1996. After reviewing the current discussion in and outside Japan, the direct effects of Japanese overseas investment on trade, domestic production and employment are presented and discussed, based on detailed data provided by the MITI. The results show that Japanese FDI had strong positive effects on domestic production and employment by stimulating exports of capital goods nearly equaling negative effects by export displacement and rising imports. Taking into account indirect effects as well as the fact that most FDI does not really substitute exports but takes place only as an outcome of import barriers and a regional shift of location advantages, it is argued that Japanese FDI had a clear positive overall effect on domestic employment so far. The low degree of production abroad by international standards even implies a special need for the Japanese industry to further accelerate the shift of production activities abroad to accelerate structural changes at home that ensure a high level of employment and wages in the long run.

scholarly journals The problem of structural unemployment at the present stage of labour market development in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Artem HUSIEV
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Structural Unemployment ◽  
Technological Unemployment ◽  
High Level

The article explores the theoretical and methodological basis of the problem of structural unemployment. The economic essence of the phenomenon has been identified, as well as the main reasons for its emergence in the context of globalization. The main types of structural unemployment are given: technological, territorial-industry. The relationship between the digitalization of business processes due to scientific and technological progress and the increase in the level of structural unemployment in the country has been revealed. The problem of structural unemployment in Ukraine at the present stage has been analyzed. The concept of public policy on structural unemployment has been proposed. Structural unemployment is a kind of unemployment, which arises as a result of structural changes in the economy of the country, exists under any economic system, its complete elimination is impossible. Depending on the reason for the emergence of structural unemployment is technological and geographically-sectorial unemployment. Technological unemployment is typical for highly developed countries with a high level of digitalization economy and is a consequence of automation of workplaces. Technological unemployment leads to transformations in the structure of demand for labor: withering some professions and the emergence of others. Such unemployment is a positive thing for the country's economy as a whole, so the main measures are to remove negative consequences of this unemployment for individual workers. In Ukraine, due to the relatively low rate of scientific and technological progress, the problem of technological unemployment, compared to developed countries, is less urgent. Geographically, the branch unemployment is caused by disproportions between supply and demand of manpower in certain areas or regions. In Ukraine and other countries with a transitive economy, this type of structural unemployment is more widespread. Balancing the demand and supply on the labor market at the mesoeconomic level is the main direction of the State policy on reducing the level of territorial and industry unemployment in Ukraine.

Najveći izazovi energetske tranzicije u Srbiji: u srednjem i dugom roku

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Petar Đukić ◽  
◽  
Slaviša Đukanović
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Available Energy

Serious structural changes in energy sector are expected in the next period. System long-term and fundamental changes we could simply call energy transition. There are two basic reasons for that: the first is caused by global flows influenced by climate changes and strategies, which are more complicated and very demanding; the second reason is situation in the energy sector and economic system in Serbia, especially in the environmental area and natural resources management. The losses and pollution costs, caused by energy sector, make Serbian energy one of the most neglected and the least promising in the region of south-eastern Europe. Serious structural changes in energy sectorare in big delay. Nowadays Serbia wastes the energy, in comparison, not only with more developed countries (OECD and EU) but with comparabl ecountries in the region. Every day Serbian economy and society emit more and more pollutants in environment, and the whole economic system suffers by losses of the energy. Populism as chronic problem of economic and energy policies is the logical consequence of incompetent political party’s management and weak economizing with energy potentials. System depoliticization, technology modernization and strategic greening of the whole energy system of Serbia are expected in the future. Sustainability of the processes in energy is long-term task that start swith gradual and difficult economic steps. More expensive, clearer and socially available energy is something that considers higher income and better life quality, but requires new energy culture of citizens, economy structure and state system.

scholarly journals The Effect of Strategic Management Practices on the institutional Performance; the case of Dedebit credit and saving institution in Eastern Tigray

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meseret Meres
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Strategy Implementation ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Institutional Performance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Qualitative Approaches

Strategic management was first originated in the Military and adopted to the business sector as important management tool in response to the unpredictable, turbulent, and chaotic world. It is the process of determining what an organization intends to be in the future and how it will get there. It is a tool which helps to define the best future for the organization and the best path to reach that destination. The overall objective of the study is to examine the Effect of Strategic Management Practices on the institutional Performance; the case of Dedebit credit and saving institution in Eastern Tigray. This study the Effect of Strategic Management Practices among 128 sampled Dedebit credit and saving institution out of 346-targeted population at eastern Tigray. Stratified sampling was employed to select the respondents in this study. The study utilized both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data was collected through questionnaires and documents of the organization also SPSS was used to analyze data. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and multi regression model. The descriptive part presents the stages of effect of strategic management Dedebit credit and saving institution using graphs and table based on the position held and experience. The empirical study shows strategic management implementation was found to be of more challenging than the designing process. Most respondents confirmed their capability of translating the strategic into action plans also self-initiated to prepare a comprehensive strategic plan rather than considering as an imposition of their donors. Findings showed that most DECSI try to manage strategically by aligning Initiatives with Strategy, engaging staff fully in strategy implementation, keeping staff fully informed about corporate strategic direction, monitoring strategy and implementation in order to adapt it where necessary to meet the challenges and realities of the times and structuring the organization to be effective in its strategy implementation. The study also showed that all the strategic management practices had significant positive effects on organization performance. Furthermore, the study showed that the most ensnaring pitfall of strategic management is the inability of organizations to translate strategy into a corporate purpose. This was followed by short term planning, failure to create accountability for results, inability to foster belief in the strategy, ignoring external trends, overconfidence based on existing success and failure to respond to structural changes in the market. Finally, the study showed that strategic management practices have direct positive relationship with corporate performance. Based on the findings, the study recommended that managements of savings and loans companies factor into their strategic management decisions, the marketing environment and the prevailing macro conditions in order to come out with an effective strategic plan that would have positive impact on institutional performance. Keywords: strategic management practices, performance, DECSI, Eastern Zone.

Migration of Highly Educated Asians and Global Dynamics

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 543-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Ong ◽  
Cheng Lucie ◽  
Leslie Evans
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
High Level

The migration of Asians trained in technical fields is the most important component of the total global migration of scientific, technical and professional workers from developing to developed countries (primarily Australia, Canada and the United States). Though this phenomenon shares common characteristics with the larger international migration of all labor, it is unique in that migration from Asia to the industrialized countries favors the highly educated, and the debate over brain drain remains complex and inconclusive. The far-reaching effects of the movement of Asian high level manpower (HLM) are discussed in light of: 1) the global articulation of higher education; 2) the link to unequal development on a global scale; and 3) the contribution to economic development of the reverse flow of HLM to less developed countries.

scholarly journals Corruption and Stock Market Development: New Evidence from GCC Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moaz Alsherfawi Aljazaerli ◽  
Rasha Sirop ◽  
Sulaiman Mouselli
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Stock Market Development ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence

The theoretical relationship between corruption and stock market development has been debated quite extensively in the literature, yet the evidence on the impact of corruption on stock market development remains contradictory and ambiguous. This paper investigates the impact of corruption, as measured by Corruption Perception Index (CPI) published by Transparency International, on stock market development focusing exclusively on Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries with its special characteristics of combining richness with relatively high level of corruption. Results from an estimation of alternative regression models on a panel of six GCC countries over the period 2003–2011, through which CPI is legitimately comparable, confirms a positive impact of corruption on stock market development, where the latter is measured by market capitalization. This is consistent with the view that corruption greases the wheels of economy by expediting transactions and allowing private firms to overcome governmentally imposed inefficiencies.

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