scholarly journals Effect of Light Emitting Diode (LED) Spectrum at Seedlings Production for Optimal Growth on Different Type of Lettuce in MARDI Plant Factory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hafeifi Basir ◽  
Intan Nadhirah Masri
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Plant Factory ◽  
Production Area

Seedling production is a crucial part of the production of fresh vegetables in a plant factory. Light is one of the necessities for plants to produce a healthy seedling before being transplanted to the production area. Different light formulations resulted in different growth performances of the plant. Hence, this study was conducted to aim for suitable light formulation on various types of lettuce in the MARDI Plant Factory. The study was conducted in two stages: 1) seedling production and 2) production area. Treatments were evaluated at the seedlings' production stage using the split-plot experimental design with four replications. LED light treatments (LT) was the main factor with the various ratio of spectrum colour of Red (R), Blue (B), Green (G) and full spectrum. (LT 1; 5R:1B, LT 2; 1R:1B, LT 3; 1R: 2B, LT 4; 2R:1B, LT 5; 4R:1B:1G and LT 6; Full spectrum as control). The sub-factor was lettuce variety (V1; Butterhead, V2; Green Coral, V3; Red Coral and V4; Mini Cos). Variables measured at seedlings production were seed germination. Growth biomass and SPAD value were evaluated in the production area. At seedlings production, the full spectrum lighting shows significant seeds germination percentage compared to other LED lighting, and V1 performed well on germination percentage and time compare to other varieties. The interaction between light treatments and lettuce was observed on the leaf numbers, shoot fresh weight, leaf area, and the shoot-root ratio at the production area. LT 1 and LT 5 on butterhead and green coral significantly affected the number of leaves and leaf area, which were relatively influenced by light quality and ambient temperature. The yield on green coral lettuce grown under LT 1, LT 2, and LT 5 was significantly higher than others. However, plant biomass and SPAD value for all treatments were not significantly different. The allometry of plant was expressed on a shoot-root ratio with LT 2 on green coral shows a significantly higher shoot-root ratio than other treatments. The study's findings showed that light treatment with Red and Blue LED ratio of 5:1, 1:1, and Red, Blue, and Green LED ratio of 4:1:1 light arrangement on the seedling's productions provided optimal growing conditions in the production area butterhead and green coral lettuce in MPF cultivation.

scholarly journals Salinity reduced growth PS2 photochemistry and chlorophyll content in radish

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jamil ◽  
Shafiq ur Rehman ◽  
Kui Jae Lee ◽  
Jeong Man Kim ◽  
Hyun-Soon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Salt Level

When plants are grown under saline conditions, photosynthetic activity decreases leading to reduced plant growth, leaf area, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence. Seeds and seedlings of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) were grown in NaCl solutions under controlled greenhouse conditions. The NaCl concentrations in complete nutrient solutions were 0 (control), 4.7, 9.4 and 14.1 dS m-1. The salinity reduced germination percentage and also delayed the germination rate as the salt level increased. Lengths and fresh weights of root and shoot decreased with the increasing salt concentration. Furthermore, photochemical efficiency of PS2 (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), non photochemical quenching coefficient (qN), leaf area and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) were also reduced (P < 0.001) by salt stress. In contrast, the Fo/Fm ratio increased with increasing salt concentration while salinity showed no effect on the efficiency of excitation captured by open PS2 (Fv'/Fm'), electron transport rate (ETR), and leaf water content. Linear regression shows that the photochemical efficiency of PS2 (Fv/Fm) had a positive relationship with the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), leaf area and chlorophyll content but had no relation with Fv'/Fm', Fo/Fm, and qN.

scholarly journals Germination potential of Hymenaea courbaril L. in different maturation stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3667-3684
Author(s):  
Hugo Roldi Guariz ◽  
◽  
Halley Caixeta de Oliveira ◽  
Huezer Viganô Sperandio ◽  
Jean Carlo Baudraz de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Germination Potential ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Maturation Stages

The production of quality forest seedlings in large quantities is essential for the restoration of environments that have been deforested and degraded. However, obtaining seeds with high vigor is a challenge for several tree species native to Brazil. The objective of this work was to verify the germination potential of jatobá-da-mata seeds at different stages of maturation, in order to favor the production of seedlings of this species in nurseries. The seeds were extracted from green and ripe fruits detached from the mother plant and ripe fruits collected from the ground. The germination percentage, average germination time, emergence speed index, average speed, relative frequency, leaf area of the seedling, and length of the aerial part and root were measured. The planting was carried out with mechanically scarified and intact seeds from each maturation group. The results indicated that non-scarified green seeds can be used for planting and seedling production, as they do not require pre-germination treatment and have a favorable germination percentage (79%). Fruit seeds harvested from the ground, on the other hand, needed a method to overcome integumentary dormancy, such as mechanical scarification, obtaining a germination rate of 85%. The seeds of ripe fruits harvested in the matrix showed greater vigor, with a higher percentage of germination (96 to 100%), a higher emergence speed index, shorter average germination time, and seedlings with greater leaf area and greater length of shoot.

scholarly journals Relationships of NDVI, Biomass, and Leaf Area Index (LAI) for six key plant species in Barrow, Alaska

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santonu Goswami ◽  
John Gamon ◽  
Sergio Vargas ◽  
Craig Tweedie
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Biomass Plant

Here we investigate relationships between NDVI, Biomass, and Leaf Area Index (LAI) for six key plant species near Barrow, Alaska. We explore how key plant species differ in biomass, leaf area index (LAI) and how can vegetation spectral indices be used to estimate biomass and LAI for key plant species. A vegetation index (VI) or a spectral vegetation index (SVI) is a quantitative predictor of plant biomass or vegetative vigor, usually formed from combinations of several spectral bands, whose values are added, divided, or multiplied in order to yield a single value that indicates the amount or vigor of vegetation. For six key plant species, NDVI was strongly correlated with biomass (R2 = 0.83) and LAI (R2 = 0.70) but showed evidence of saturation above a biomass of 100 g/m2 and an LAI of 2 m2/m2. Extrapolation of a biomass-plant cover model to a multi-decadal time series of plant cover observations suggested that Carex aquatilis and Eriophorum angustifolium decreased in biomass while Arctophila fulva and Dupontia fisheri increased 1972-2008.

scholarly journals Growth Enhancement of Phragmites australis, Eichhornia crassipes and Saccharum officinarum for Rhizoremediation of Crude Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-84
Author(s):  
Monday Ubogu ◽  
Lucky O. Odokuma ◽  
Ejiro Akponah
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Plant Soil

P. australis, E. crassipes (in mangrove swamp) and S. officinarum (in rainforest) are capable of tolerating some levels of crude oil in soil. However, some important growth characteristics such speedy growths, extensive root system and increased biomass desirable for efficient rhizoremediation are depressed. To cushion this suppressive effects, plants were subjected to the following treatments: Plant + Soil (PS) (Control); Plant + Soil + Oil (PSO); Plant + Soil + Oil + Fertilizer (PSOF); Plant +Soil + Oil + Fertilizer + Microorganisms (PSOFM); and Plant + Soil + Fertilizer + Microorganisms + Solarization (PSOFMS). Treatments were monitored for 120 days to determine their effects on the following growth parameters: Germination, germination percentage, height, and root length, dry weight, and leaf area. Results indicated that treatments PSOF, PSOFM and PSOFMS enhanced all growth parameters over contaminated untreated soil (PSO) with the exception of germination in P. australis and S. officinarum; while root length, leaf area in E. crassipes were statistically the same for PS, PSO, PSOFM and PSOFMS (P ˂ 0.05). Overall, growth enhancement efficiencies of the applied treatments were in the order: PSOFM ˃ PSOF ˃ PSOFMS. Thus, growth of these plants can be enhanced in crude oil contaminated soil by the above treatments for efficient rhizoremediation.

scholarly journals Flowering and Morphogenesis of Kalanchoe in Response to Quality and Intensity of Night Interruption Light

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Dong Kang ◽  
Hai Jeong ◽  
Yoo Park ◽  
Byoung Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
White Light ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Closed Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Factory ◽  
White Light Emitting Diodes

The effects of the quality and intensity of night interruption light (NIL) on the flowering and morphogenesis of kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) ‘Lipstick’ and ‘Spain’ were investigated. Plants were raised in a closed-type plant factory under 250 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD white light emitting diodes (LEDs) with additional light treatments. These treatments were designated long day (LD, 16 h light, 8 h dark), short day (SD, 8 h light, 16 h dark), and SD with a 4 h night interruption (NI). The NIL was constructed from 10 μmol·m−2·s−1 or 20 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD blue (NI-B), red (NI-R), white (NI-W), or blue and white (NI-BW) LEDs. In ‘Spain’, the SPAD value, area and thickness of leaves and plant height increased in the NI treatment as compared to the SD treatment. In ‘Lipstick’, most morphogenetic characteristics in the NI treatment showed no significant difference to those in the SD treatment. For both cultivars, plants in SD were significantly shorter than those in other treatments. The flowering of Kalanchoe ‘Lipstick’ was not affected by the NIL quality, while Kalanchoe ‘Spain’ flowered when grown in SD and 10 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD NI-B. These results suggest that the NIL quality and intensity affect the morphogenesis and flowering of kalanchoe, and that different cultivars are affected differently. There is a need to further assess the effects of the NIL quality and intensity on the morphogenesis and flowering of short-day plants for practical NIL applications.

scholarly journals Nutrient Loaded Biochar Doubled Biomass Production in Juvenile Maize Plants (Zea mays L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte C. Dietrich ◽  
Md Arifur Rahaman ◽  
Ana A. Robles-Aguilar ◽  
Sajid Latif ◽  
Kiatkamjon Intani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Total Plant Biomass ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Maize Plants

Biochars have long been associated with elevating plant productivity. An increasing number of studies, however, report that char application might also impair plant nutrient availability and reduce yields. In particular, char accompanying compounds as well as a hypothesized immobilization of nitrogen have been identified as playing a significant role in possibly diminishing plant productivity following char application. Herein, we tested the fertilizing effects of modified biochars in order to derive knowledge required to develop tailor-made chars, which predictably affect plant nutrition. Slow-pyrolysis maize cob biochar was modified by washing with either ethanol or hydrochloric acid to remove ash and organic compounds or by loading it with nutrient-rich residues in the form of digestate from the bioenergy sector. Maize plants were grown for 35 days on biochar-amended sand. We analyzed both substrate properties (pH, total carbon, and nitrogen, available magnesium and potassium) and plant functional traits (biomass, leaf area, root to shoot ratio, specific leaf area). Our results suggest that total plant biomass production remained unaffected by the application of biochar and its washed forms. Contrastingly, nutrient-loaded biochar induced a significant increase in productivity at similar nutrient levels due to improved plant nutrient uptake. Further research is required to understand the role of biochar modifications that facilitated improvements in plant productivity.

VARIABILITY IN FORAGE AND SEED PRODUCTION AND SEEDLING GROWTH IN ASTRAGALUS CICER

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SMOLIAK ◽  
A. JOHNSTON
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Astragalus Cicer ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Seedling Leaf

Forage and seed yield, percentage seed germination, speed of germination index, and 1,000-seed weight were determined for a population of 170 plants selected from Oxley cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.). Seedlings from open-pollinated seed from the selected plants were measured for leaf weight and leaf area, and specific leaf weight was calculated. Most of the characters studied were asymmetrical in distribution. The correlation coefficient between forage and seed yields of mature plants was positive and highly significant. Seedling leaf weight was positively and closely related to seedling leaf area, but seedling leaf area was a more reliable indicator of photosynthetic efficiency. The variability in the characters studied in the selected population suggests that further improvement in forage yield, germination percentage, speed of germination, and seedling vigor may be obtained through a breeding program.

scholarly journals Mortierella elongata Increases Plant Biomass among Non-Leguminous Crop Species

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaile Zhang ◽  
Gregory Bonito ◽  
Chih-Ming Hsu ◽  
Khalid Hameed ◽  
Rytas Vilgalys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Leguminous Crop

Recent studies have shown that M. elongata (M. elongata) isolated from Populus field sites has a dual endophyte–saprotroph lifestyle and is able to promote the growth of Populus. However, little is known about the host fidelity of M. elongata and whether M. elongata strains differ from one another in their ability to promote plant growth. Here, we compared the impacts of three Populus-associated M. elongata isolates (PMI 77, PMI 93, and PMI 624) on the growth of seven different crop species by measuring plant height, plant dry biomass, and leaf area. M. elongata isolates PMI 624 and PMI 93 increased the plant height, leaf area, and plant dry weight of Citrullus lanatus, Zea mays, Solanum lycopersicum, and Cucurbita to a much greater degree than PMI 77 (33.9% to 14.1%). No significant impacts were observed for any isolate on the growth of Abelmoschus esculentus or Glycine max. On the contrary, Glycine max significantly decreased in height by 30.6% after the inoculation of M. elongata PMI 77. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that M. elongata generally promoted metrics of the plant performance among a diverse set of importantly non-leguminous crop species. Future research on understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie strain and host variability is warranted.

scholarly journals Sustainable Valorisation of Biowaste for Soilless Cultivation of Salvia Officinalis in a Circular Bioeconomy

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Greco ◽  
Antonio Comparetti ◽  
Pierluigi Febo ◽  
Giulia La Placa ◽  
Michele Massimo Mammano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Fresh Leaf ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Soilless Cultivation ◽  
Fresh Root

The aim of this work is to assess the usefulness of biowaste deriving from Circular Bioeconomy (CBE) processes (i.e., vermicompost, compost and digestate), as growing substrates for the partial or total replacement of peat, by measuring the vegetation biometric parameters of sage (Salvia officinalis L.)—leaf area; Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value (index of chlorophyll concentration); fresh and dry weight of leaves; stem weight; root length. The results showed that vermicompost positively influenced most of above parameters (+16.7% for leaf area, +7.3% for fresh leaf weight, +6.4% for dry leaf weight, +8.5% for fresh stem weight, +0.9% for dry stem weight, +16% for root length) and, therefore, can be used as a sustainable growing substrate, alternative to peat, for the sage soilless cultivation. Yet, the results of some biometric parameters are better with peat rather than with compost (−7.2% for SPAD value, −47.3% for fresh leaf weight, −46.8% for dry leaf weight, −32.9% for fresh stem weight, −39.1% for dry stem weight, −52.4% for fresh root weight, −56.6% for dry root weight) and digestate (−30.2% for fresh leaf weight, −33.6% for dry leaf weight, −23.9% for fresh stem weight, −27% for dry stem weight, −51.8% for fresh root weight, −34.4% for dry root weight, −16% for root length). Therefore, these results are interesting for potted plants in nursery activity, while the above differences must be verified also after the transplanting of the tested plants in open field. However, the use of all the above growing substrates alternative to peat allows the sustainable valorization of food industry by-products, plant biomass, animal manure and the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW).

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