scholarly journals Pahari Distinctiveness without Pahari Language: A Study of Language Attitudes of the Pahari Community

sjesr ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhammad Gulfraz Abbasi ◽  
Dr. Zafar Iqbal Khattak ◽  
Dr. Yasir Arafat
Keyword(s):  
Language Attitudes ◽  
National Language ◽  
Detailed Observation ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
A Minor ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Depth Interviews

Pahari language spoken in Murree and its suburbs is in contact with Urdu, the national language of Pakistan. It is also in contact with Punjabi and English. The present study explores the views and attitudes of the Pahari speaking community regarding the Pahari identity and culture vis-à-vis languages like Pahari, Punjabi, Urdu, and English. The study is ethnographic and is based on detailed observation and in-depth interviews of a sample of 91 people belonging to three generations. The study concludes that Pahari speaking community especially the Abbasi tribe, on the whole, claims to protect their culture and identity but gradually each new generation is hesitant in continuing Pahari as the symbol of their identity. As a result, language is, to a great extent, shifting towards Urdu. On a minor level, its shift to English and Punjabi cannot be ignored. The paper also explores certain reasons latent behind this kind of attitude.

scholarly journals Three generations of stars: a possible case of triggered star formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 496 (1) ◽  
pp. 870-874
Author(s):  
M B Areal ◽  
A Buccino ◽  
S Paron ◽  
C Fariña ◽  
M E Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Young Stellar Objects ◽  
H Ii Regions ◽  
Stellar Objects ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Border ◽  
H Ii Region ◽  
New Generation ◽  
North Western

ABSTRACT Evidence for triggered star formation linking three generations of stars is difficult to assemble, as it requires convincingly associating evolved massive stars with H ii regions that, in turn, would need to present signs of active star formation. We present observational evidence for triggered star formation relating three generations of stars in the neighbourhood of the star LS II +26 8. We carried out new spectroscopic observations of LS II +26 8, revealing that it is a B0 III-type star. We note that LS II +26 8 is located exactly at the geometric centre of a semi-shell-like H ii region complex. The most conspicuous component of this complex is the H ii region Sh2-90, which is probably triggering a new generation of stars. The distances to LS II +26 8 and to Sh2-90 are in agreement (between 2.6 and 3 kpc). Analysis of the interstellar medium on a larger spatial scale shows that the H ii region complex lies on the north-western border of an extended H2 shell. The radius of this molecular shell is about 13 pc, which is in agreement with what an O9 V star (the probable initial spectral type of LS II +26 8 as inferred from evolutive tracks) can generate through its winds in the molecular environment. In conclusion, the spatial and temporal correspondences derived in our analysis enable us to propose a probable triggered star formation scenario initiated by the evolved massive star LS II +26 8 during its main-sequence stage, followed by stars exciting the H ii region complex formed in the molecular shell, and culminating in the birth of young stellar objects around Sh2-90.

Semitic and Latin Elements in the Language and Literature of Malta

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-195
Author(s):  
Oliver Friggieri
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
National Language ◽  
Language And Identity ◽  
Minor Literature ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
The Creation ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Independent Country

The Semitic character of Malta’s language and the Latinity of its culture have both contributed towards the complex formation of a unique country marked by dualities of language and identity. This article seeks to outline the development of Maltese as a medium through which Malta could best express itself and construct its own literature, as Maltese intellectuals in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries sought to create an alternative to the older Italian and more recent British dominance. The establishment of Maltese as the national language and of a thriving Maltese literature reflects a move away from the use of Maltese Italian as a minor literature to the creation of an “ultraminor” Maltese for an independent country.

scholarly journals Silica-Based Composites with Enhanced Rheological Properties Thanks to a Nanosized Graphite Functionalized with Serinol Pyrrole

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11410
Author(s):  
Gea Prioglio ◽  
Silvia Agnelli ◽  
Stefano Pandini ◽  
Maurizio Galimberti
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Carbon Filler ◽  
Hybrid Filler ◽  
Carbon Efficiency ◽  
Dynamic Rigidity ◽  
A Minor ◽  
New Generation

Silica-based rubber composites have tremendous importance, as they allow the reduction in hysteresis in demanding dynamic-mechanical applications such as tire compounds and hence have a lower environmental impact. However, they also present drawbacks such as poor rheological behavior. In this work, an innovative silica-based hybrid filler system was developed, obtaining a rubber composite with an improved set of properties. A nanosized high surface area graphite (HSAG) was functionalized with 2-(2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)propane-1,3-diol, serinol pyrrole (SP), through a simple process characterized by a high carbon efficiency. The HSAG-SP adduct, with about nine parts of SP per hundred parts of carbon filler, was used to form a hybrid filler system with silica. An elastomeric composite, with poly(styrene-co-butadiene) from anionic polymerization and poly(1,4-cis-isoprene) from Hevea brasiliensis was prepared with 50 parts of silica, which was replaced in a minor amount (15%) by either pristine HSAG or HSAG-SP. The best set of composite properties was obtained with HSAG-SP: the same dynamic rigidity and hysteresis and tensile properties of the silica-based material and appreciably better rheological properties, particularly in terms of flowability. This work paves the way for a new generation of silica-based composites, with improved properties, based on a hybrid filler system with a nanosized edge functionalized graphite.

scholarly journals Nominal Inflection of the Tutsa Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-140
Author(s):  
Hemanta Konch
Keyword(s):  
South East Asia ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
North East ◽  
Nominal Inflection ◽  
Roman Script ◽  
A Minor ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Assamese Language

North-East is a hub of many ethnic languages. This region constitutes with eight major districts; like-Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya and Sikkim. Tutsa is a minor tribe of Arunachal Pradesh. The Tutsa was migrated from the place ‘RangkhanSanchik’ of the South-East Asia through ‘Hakmen-Haksan’ way to Arunachal Pradesh. The Tutsa community is mainly inhabited in Tirap district and southern part of Changlang district and a few people are co-exists in Tinsukia district of Assam. The Tutsa language belongs to the Naga group of Sino-Tibetan language family. According to the Report of UNESCO, the Tutsa language is in endangered level and it included in the EGIDS Level 6B. The language has no written literature; songs, folk tales, stories are found in a colloquial form. They use Roman Script. Due to the influence of other languages it causes lack of sincerity for the use of their languages in a united form. Now-a-days the new generation is attracted for using English, Hindi and Assamese language. No study is found till now in a scientific way about the language. So, in this prospect the topic Nominal Inflection of the Tutsa Language has been selected for study. It will help to preserve the language and also help in making of dictionary, Grammar and language guide book.

Anglo-Australians’ and Immigrants’ Attitudes toward Language and Accent: A Review of Experimental and Survey Research

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor J. Callan ◽  
Cynthia Gallois
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
National Language ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Opportunities To Learn ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
Ethnic Language

Research on the language attitudes of members of dominant and minority speech communities has special importance in countries such as Australia, where governments are in the process of developing a national language policy. Research in Australia suggests that Anglo-Australians remain strongly monolingual and Anglophile in their attitudes; they support educational programs on other languages mainly for their children's own educational advantage. In addition, they show preference in most situations for standard or prestige varieties of English. Second generation members of immigrant groups are under strong pressure to assimilate and to abandon their community languages. Opportunities to learn and use community language are somewhat restricted. In addition, young, second generation Australians may in some cases have even more negative attitudes toward nonstandard accents in English then do Anglo-Australians although they may value their own ethnic language as a signal of solidarity with their ethnic community.

scholarly journals Language attitudes of young Romanians in Catalonia (Spain): The role of heritage language maintenance programs

Multilingua ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-355
Author(s):  
Maria Adelina Ianos ◽  
Ester Caballé ◽  
Cristina Petreñas ◽  
Ángel Huguet
Keyword(s):  
Heritage Language ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Immigrant Population ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Heritage Language Maintenance ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Method Analysis ◽  
International Status

Abstract This article presents a mixed method analysis of the language attitudes held by secondary education students of Romanian origin, which are members of the second largest immigrant population living currently in Catalonia. The relevance of this data is based on the cardinal role played by attitudes in the success of any educational or linguistic policy (Lewis, E. Glyn. 1981. Bilingualism and bilingual education. Oxford, UK: Pergamon.) – a topic of special relevance in contexts with considerable migratory influxes, such as Catalonia, which aims to achieve social cohesiveness in a framework of interculturalism and multilingualism. The various initiatives implemented for this purpose include the heritage language maintenance programs, such as the “Romanian Language, Culture, and Civilization” (RLCC) program. The results showed that the young Romanians had the most favourable attitudes towards Spanish, followed closely by Romanian, and lastly Catalan, which was the least valued language. Furthermore, these attitudinal patterns were not determined by RLCC attendance. The insights provided by the in-depth interviews indicated various components and meanings associated with the attitudes towards the three languages. Namely, attitudes towards Spanish were primed by its international status and ease of learning, while attitudes towards Catalan were build on its integrative value and social status. Although esteemed for its emotional and symbolic bonds, Romanian seemed to be on a path towards invisibilization. Finally, the educational and social implications of these findings are discussed, emphasising the importance of involving and working with both the autochthonous and the Romanian immigrant population.

Work Trajectories of High-Resource Multi-Child Mothers

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
Zlata Dorofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
High Resource ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Depth Interviews

The period of maternity leave for multi-child mothers is generally longer than for mothers with a smaller number of children, and securing a job after taking a break, in conjunction with an increased volume of family responsibilities, is more difficult. When high-resource multi-child mothers return to the labor market, they expect not only a “motherhood penalty”, but also with a high probability a “penalty” for being overeducated. Their solution for the conflict between “motherhood” and “work” most often involves either a complete refusal to be employed, or finding more flexible options in the field of non-typical work, which are often less demanding in terms of qualification level and consequently result in lower income. Based on a series of in-depth interviews conducted by the author in Moscow and Voronezh with high-resource multi-child parents, including a list of questions about the working trajectories of women and also a number of questions about life practices, it is shown that the reverse side of the full or partial departure from the labor market of multi-child mothers is intensive parenting and setting a high standard for children’s education, including a scrupulous selection of educational institutions and a large amount of additional classes. Thus, the complete or partial loss of high-resource women as workers for the labor market is accompanied by a forthcoming significant non-economic effect, since society receives active translators of human capital to a new generation.

The Official National Language and Language Attitudes of Three Ethnic Minority Groups in China

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minglang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
National Language ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups

La oficiala lingvo kaj lingvaj sintenoj ĉe tri minoritataj grupoj en Cinio Rezulte de lingvoplanado, duono de la cent milionoj da etnominoritatanoj (EMN) en Ĉinio parolas iun version de Putonghua (PTH) kiel sian unuan aŭ duan lingvon. La nuna studo, utiligante sintenan/motivan enketaron kaj "pare maskitan" procedon, ekzamenis la taskojn fare de anoj de kazaka, ujgura kaj jia minoritatoj pri PTH kaj EMN-aj lingvoj, kaj dekdu varieblojn pri lernado kaj uzado de PTH. Analizoj de la rezultoj pere de unudirekta "ANOVA" kaj parspecimena testo t montras, ke a) integra orientigo kaj impreso de pekina-noj estas la plej bonaj manieroj antaŭdiri la instrumentan orientigon, intense-con kaj deziron de EMN pri la lernado kaj utiligo de PTH; b) la longeco de la lernperiodo de PTH sola suficas por determini kiom komforte EMN sentas en sia utiligo de PTH; c) niveloj de kontakto kun la hana minoritato para-lelas iliajn pritaksojn de PTH kaj de EMN-lingvoj; kaj c) bona impreso de pekinanoj korelaciigas kun pli altaj taksoj de PTH. La eltrovoj de la studo donas al la farantoj de lingvopolitiko kaj al esplorantoj tra la tuta mondo utilajn perspektivojn pri la rilato inter lingvaj sintenoj kaj etnaj rilatoj.

scholarly journals Carpenter, Artisan, Architect; Status In Late Nineteenth Century Wellington

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Adrian Humphris ◽  
Geoff Mew
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Roll Call ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
A Minor ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The City

The distinction between a minor professional architect and a leading builder in Wellington was considerably more blurred in the late nineteenth century than it would be today. However, busy architects could make a lot of money and the term "architect" carried status that might open more doors than would be available to a mere builder.  Late nineteenth century Wellington is now apparently only represented by a handful of buildings by prominent architects. Most people automatically think of the CBD and names like Thomas Turnbull & Son, William Chatfield, Frederick de Jersey Clere, John Campbell and perhaps William Crichton. Clayton, Toxward and Tringham were dead or almost gone, and new generation architects were barely emerging. We contend, however, that this picture is an oversimplification and considerably more of 1890s Wellington remains, as does the evidence for a much longer roll-call of architects, some of whom practised on the fringes, both of the city and of their profession. The architects we discuss here did not generally design large, flamboyant buildings, nor did they cater for rich company clients. Many of the lesser-known architects were particularly susceptible to boom-bust cycles and were forced to seek other employment in lean times - hence their rapid arrivals and departures from the trade listings in the directories of these years

scholarly journals POLITICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE AUTHORITIES’ AND POPULATION’S EXPECTATIONS REGARDING RUSSIAN GOVERNORS (BASED ON RESEARCH OF THE NEW GENERATION GOVERNORS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-324
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Matiusova ◽  
◽  
Alena Danilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Analytical Centers ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Federal Center

The purpose of the article was to find an answer to the question of how governors of the “new generation” meet the needs of the federal center and the population, and whether they are effective managers. The authors conducted a political and psychological study to answer this question using the following methods: analysis of secondary data from analytical centers, interviews with experts, in-depth interviews with the population, case-study and semantic differential. In the course of the study, the authors revealed the similarity of a number of expectations from both the authorities and the population: both sides want to see a new, promising, open politician who can independently solve managerial and economic issues in the region, etc. However, there were also differences in the goals and objectives set by the federal Center when appointing interim heads of the region or after elections,which to some extent contradicts the demands of society. In addition, the project "Young Technocrats" created for "novice" governors does not hold up to its name because the average age of "novice" governors has increased significantly, and the previously assumed universal concept of governing any territory, regardless of its membership has not been completely effective. At the same time, the political and psychological criteria highlighted in the article are one of the factors that influence the active renewal of the governor's corps which is both a trend and an answer to the problems of the governor's corps.

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