IMPROVEMENT OF THE OPERATION PROCESS OF WATERED DEEP OIL PUMP WELLS BY APPLICATION OF POLYFUNCTIONAL MEASURES

The article shows the types of complications that occur mainly in the fields of the Absheron archipelago in Azerbaijan and in the oil fields of the Azerbaijani sector of the Caspian Sea; the most common and frequent of them are the watering of the production of sucker rod pumping wells and the intensity of sand manifestations. It is noted that methods that prevent complications or reduce their negative impact are more appropriate than methods for their elimination. It is proposed to isolate formation water in flooded sucker-rod pumping oil wells using a universal hydrodynamic method; In this method, a liquid barrier should be created in front of the water in the formation, and not a solid barrier, and high-viscosity dead (non-gaseous) oil should be taken as a separating fluid, the specific gravity of which should be equal to the specific gravity of the formation water. The article uses the following five functions of multifunctional measures when carrying out various well survey methods: I. Pouring clean fluid into the annulus to increase the amount of fluid in the wellbore and reduce the concentration of sand particles in it. II. Without stopping the operation of the pumping unit, adding clean oil to the annulus with the help of a unit, raise its static level several meters higher. III. Determination of values of Pk, Po and G in rod deep well pumping wells producing viscous-plastic oil without stopping the operation of the pumping unit. IV. To determine the reservoir pressure in the simplest way, all well production is drained with a hose into the annulus. V. When removing the first lower curve by the method of two-sided restoration of curves without stopping the operation of the pumping unit VI. When applying the extraction method without changing the indicator diagrams S and n of water-cut oil wells. Thus, the use of multifunctional measures improves the performance of the considered wells and provides great economic benefits. Keywords: polyfunctional measure, irrigated well, sand manifestation, corrosion, erosion, wear, complication, pipe space, sand concentration in liquid, recovery curve.

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Global challenges to functioning of precious gemstones market

Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine ◽

10.36818/2071-4653-2019-5-2 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 15-19

Author(s):

Maryna Khmara

Keyword(s):

Social Impact ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Small Enterprises ◽

Ecological Responsibility ◽

Global Challenges ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Managerial Strategies ◽

The Impact ◽

Complicated Nature

The peculiarities of gemstone market functioning under the impact of globalization are examined. Modern condition of financial stabilization in world is defined and main features of gemstones are outlined. Negative impact of illegal market on socio-economic development of countries, namely on revenues to the country’s budget from the business, is revealed. The importance of the problem of transferring most of gemstones processing operations beyond the countries of production is emphasized. Poor public control over the circulation of precious stones is proven. The challenges are substantiated to be aggravating under the impact of globalization. The diamonds market, which has peculiar high demand, is analyzed: diamonds and derivatives account for 85% of global turnover. Application of managerial strategies for gemstones market to efficiently use resources is defined to be complicated by the fact that managerial strategies impact the high cost of product items and its variability; unique features; intangible qualities; complicated processing. More environmentally friendly production and social responsibility are confirmed to have impact on forming of demand on gemstones. Investment attractiveness of gemstones, except for diamonds, is proven to be low. Condition of production and consumption of diamonds is analyzed. Development condition of the market segment – non-diamonds gemstones – is shown. The activity of small enterprises and households engaged in gemstones production is confirmed to be characterized by chaotic and complicated nature of broker networks, leading to aggravated global challenges. The paper defines that expansion of spectrum and emergence of new opportunities for illegal activity, reduced income and loss of other types of economic benefits, growing negative ecological and social impact, growing exploitation of workers at illegal enterprises remain to be the global challenges of gemstones market functioning. The author suggests increasing of social and ecological responsibility of business, strengthening of the state regulating functions and promotion of gemstones market legalization in order to reduce the challenges.

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Research Concerning the Identification of Some Parameters of a Sucker Rod Pumping Unit

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.10.5872 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (10) ◽

pp. 2289-2292

Author(s):

Dorin Badoiu ◽

Georgeta Toma

Keyword(s):

Computer Program ◽

Essential Role ◽

Automated Systems ◽

Maintenance Costs ◽

Motor Torque ◽

Unit Process ◽

Sucker Rod ◽

Pumping Unit

One of the solutions to reduce the production and maintenance costs of the sucker rod pumping installations is to develop automated systems for regulating and controlling their operations. The development of these automated systems requires an attentive modeling of the dynamics of the mechanism of the pumping unit, process in which the identification of the values of the parameters involved in the calculations plays an essential role. The paper presents the manner of determining the values of some parameters of the mechanism of a C-320D-256-100 pumping unit starting from the variation on a cinematic cycle of the motor torque at the crank shaft. Simulations were performed with a computer program developed by the authors, and the experimental records were processed with the program Total Well Management.

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Development and implementation of device for capturing large mechanical particles falling into the space between cylinder and plunger of sucker-rod pump

Azerbaijan Oil Industry ◽

10.37474/0365-8554/2020-9-43-45 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 43-45

Author(s):

L.G. Hajikerimova ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Oil Wells ◽

Deep Well ◽

Pressure Decrease ◽

Sucker Rod ◽

Large Particles ◽

Sucker Rod Pump ◽

Trapping Device

The deep pump, mainly sucker-rod deep pumping method is widely applied in the onshore oil wells of Azerbaijan. Despite the fact that the deep-well sucker rod pumping method is widespread, its operation in sand-producing wells is accompanied by various complications. Since mechanical particles wearing the pump parts out, falling into the space between the plunger and the cylinder, either wedge the plunger inside the cylinder or increase the gap between them. To prevent the ingress of large particles of sand into the gap between the plunger and the cylinder of the deep sucker rod pump, a device for sand trapping has been developed. The sand-trapping device is installed within the well tubing strings on the rod string and prevents the big particles of the liquid in the pipes falling into the gap between the plunger and cylinder. As the plunger, the device is started via balanced head. Due to the equipment installation, the liquid injected from the pump undergoes pressure decrease and the conditions for deposition and accumulation of large particles are formed.

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Complete Simulation and Fault Diagnosis of Sucker-Rod Pumping

SPE Production & Operations ◽

10.2118/204215-pa ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Bin Zhang ◽

Xianwen Gao ◽

Xiangyu Li

Keyword(s):

Fault Diagnosis ◽

Simulation Model ◽

Oil Wells ◽

Oil Field ◽

Motor Power ◽

Sucker Rod ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Valve Leakage ◽

Information Construction ◽

Diagnosis Model

Summary In this paper, we study the simulation and fault diagnosis of a conventional pumping unit under balanced conditions. As the energy input of sucker-rod pumping (SRP), the motor power contains abundant information about the whole pumping cycle under SRP. It is an important step in oilfield information construction to establish a computer-aided system that is based on motor power diagnosis. Hence, we propose an SRP simulation model for generating motor power. By analyzing the working conditions of six oil wells that contain normal or insufficient liquid supply, gas lock, traveling valve leakage, standing valve leakage, and parting rod, we simulate the motor power of the six wells. In addition, we verify the simulation model using a test well with favorable performance and establish the motor power template set (MPTS) using this simulation model. To allow for computer-aided diagnosis, we propose the use of the area proportion method to extract motor power features. We establish a diagnosis model of oilwell conditions that is based on oblique decision tree and train the diagnosis model using the MPTS. Through the verification of six oil wells in the actual production of the oil field, the diagnosis model shows a favorable response. The test results show that the methods of establishing MPTS and oilwell working-condition diagnosis are feasible.

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The use of groundwater crustacean communities as indicators for aquifers quality in the semi-arid region of north-central Chile

ARPHA Conference Abstracts ◽

10.3897/aca.1.e30126 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

Author(s):

Sanda Iepure ◽

Nicolas Gouin ◽

Angeline Bertin ◽

Ana Camacho ◽

Antonio González-Ramón ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Nutrient Loads ◽

Groundwater Temperature ◽

Groundwater Levels ◽

Water Abstraction ◽

Over Exploitation ◽

The Impact ◽

Semi Arid

Chile has large extensions of arid and semi-arid regions throughout the whole country, where the intensive demands and use of water resources, especially groundwater for irrigations and mining activities, increased dramatically over the last decades. The aquifer depletions due to water abstraction for irrigation and nutrient loads, exert major alterations of water quality, groundwater recharge and the natural renewal rate. All these factors diminish the aquifer value for the users and contribute to the degradation of groundwater as environment and habitat for fauna. This intensive use of groundwater resources in Chile brought to significant social and economic benefits, but their inadequate management resulted in negative environmental, legal and socioeconomic consequences. In this study, we aimed at providing a first assessment of environmental alterations of groundwater ecosystems from agricultural watersheds in northern Chile by specifically evaluating the effects of nitrogen and pesticide loads on groundwater communities and identifing the ecosystem service alterations due to agricultural activities. The study has been performed in a glacial aquifer from Coquimbo region; 250 km north of Santiago de Chile, the floodplain of which is dominated by agriculture (fruits tress, vineyards). Due to low regional precipitations (100-240 mm/year) the aquifer is primarily recharged by snowmelt from the Andean chain and surface runoff. The relative groundwater levels, groundwater temperature, chemical analysis of nitrogen and total phosphorus and pesticide concentrations were examined, along with the evaluation of crustacean biodiversity and spatial distribution pattern. Stygofauna taxonomic richness and the presence of stygobites have been related more to groundwater level stability than to chemical water parameters indicating that over-exploitation has a negative impact on habitat suitability for groundwater invertebrates. Groundwater biota assessment is essential in understanding the impact produced by agriculture activities on groundwater as a resource and as ecosystem, a nexus that becomes more and more widely recognized. The rationale and the preliminary results of this study are summarized in the Suppl. material 1.

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SIFAT VOLUMETRIK CAMPURAN LASTON MENGGUNAKAN ASPAL MODIFIKASI GETAH PINUS DAN LIMBAH STYROFOAM

Jurnal Sains Teknologi & Lingkungan ◽

10.29303/jstl.v7i1.214 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 66-77

Author(s):

Ratna Yuniarti ◽

Hasyim Hasyim ◽

Rohani Rohani ◽

Desi Widianty

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Asphalt Concrete ◽

Hot Mix Asphalt ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Volumetric Properties ◽

Mineral Aggregate ◽

Modified Asphalt ◽

Pine Resin ◽

Road Pavement

Sifat volumetrik campuran pada laston merupakan salah satu faktor yang menentukan durabilitas (keawetan) lapis perkerasan jalan. Untuk meningkatkan keawetan lapis perkerasan jalan dan mengurangi dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dapat dilakukan antara lain melalui modifikasi aspal dengan getah pinus dan limbah styrofoam. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sifat volumetrik campuran laston menggunakan aspal modifikasi getah pinus dan limbah styrofoam tersebut. Sifat volumetrik campuran laston yang dikaji adalah rongga dalam campuran, rongga di antara mineral agregat, rongga terselimuti aspal, density dan bulk specific gravity. Pada penelitian ini digunakan agregat bergradasi rapat yang dicampur dengan aspal modifikasi pada suhu 155 oC dan dipadatkan 75 kali pada kedua sisinya. Pada seluruh benda uji, prosentase limbah styrofoam yang digunakan adalah 6% sedangkan getah pinus sebesar 0%, 1%, 2% dan 3% terhadap berat aspal modifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa campuran laston yang menggunakan aspal modifikasi getah pinus menghasilkan nilai VFB, density dan bulk specific gravity lebih besar serta nilai VIM dan VMA lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan campuran yang menggunakan aspal modifikasi limbah styrofoam. Dengan nilai VIM dan VMA lebih kecil, campuran yang menggunakan aspal modifikasi getah pinus menghasilkan daya ikat lebih kuat sehingga memiliki durabilitas lebih tinggi. Ditinjau dari persyaratan laston sebagai lapis aus pada perkerasan jalan, penggunaan getah pinus dan limbah styrofoam sebagai modifier aspal memenuhi persyaratan volumetrik campuran. Volumetric properties of asphalt concrete is important factor to determine the durability of road pavement. Improvement the durability of road pavement and reducing negative impact of the environment can be done by using modified asphalt. This article aims to know the volumetric properties of hot mix asphalt using pine resin and waste styrofoam as asphalt modifier. The volumetric properties include voids in mix, voids in the mineral aggregate, voids filled with bitumen, density and bulk specific gravity. In this study, a continuously graded aggregate was used and mixed with modified asphalt at 155 oC and compacted with 75 blows on both sides. The percentage of waste styrofoam was 6% whereas the percentages of pine resin where 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% by weight of modified asphalt. From the analysis, it can be concluded that asphalt concrete containing pine resin as modifier strengthen the binding between asphalt and agregate, due to increasing value of voids filled with bitumen (VFB), density and bulk specific gravity. Durability of asphalt concrete using pine resin as modifier was higher than that of asphalt concrete using waste styrofoam because of decreasing value of voids in mix (VIM) and voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA). Based on the specification of asphalt concrete wearing course, the use of pine resin and waste styrofoam as asphalt modifier has fulfilled volumetric properties requirements.

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Aid, Governance and Public Finance Fraud: Evidence from Angola

Politeja ◽

10.12797/politeja.17.2020.69.02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (6(69)) ◽

pp. 19-50

Author(s):

Weronika J. Krawczyk

Keyword(s):

Public Finance ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Political Corruption ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Academic Community ◽

Development Aid ◽

Financial Flows ◽

Ruling Elites ◽

The Impact

This article examines the process of public finance fraud leading to unjust enrichment of ruling elites in Angola, a resource-rich, yet ironically povertytrapped country, owing to decades of rule of José Eduardo dos Santos. It analyses the phenomenon of political corruption in the Angolan context, translating into mismanagement of public revenues coming from natural resources as a means of attaining private economic benefits and consolidating power. Moreover, by examining cross-border inter-company networks aimed at concealing public assets behind front companies, the author attempts to establish a connection between corruption and illicit financial flows. Ultimately, since political corruption is intrinsically linked to governance, the article looks at the impact of the latter on social development as well as on the effectiveness of development aid granted to Angola. It was written based on secondary resources including existing literature and material evidence. Its findings and conclusions correspond with the overall theory postulated by the academic community, maintaining that natural resources and aid have negative impact on governance, institutional accountability, and in consequence on human development, especially in countries characterised by despotic rule.

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Calculation of Load and Stroke in Oil-Well Pump Rods

Journal of Applied Mechanics ◽

10.1115/1.4009244 ◽

1943 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. A1-A12

Author(s):

B. F. Langer ◽

E. H. Lamberger

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Vibration ◽

Oil Wells ◽

Oil Well ◽

Test Results ◽

Sucker Rod ◽

Sucker Rod Pump ◽

Polished Rod

Abstract The sucker-rod pump as used in oil wells is treated as a problem in the longitudinal vibration of bars. Solutions are obtained for the forces and motions at both ends of the rod string, thus giving formulas for the calculation of polished-rod load and plunger travel. The results of the calculations are compared with test results.

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