scholarly journals The Impact of Institutional Quality on Social Cohesion: Evidence from Worldwide Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 4 (Issue 3) ◽  
pp. 207-231
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Mumtaz Anwar ◽  
Zahid Pervaiz
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects

Diversity and socioeconomic deprivation have been widely discussed as determinants of social cohesion. These two factors are considered to be a threat to social cohesion. The existing literature identifies the problem however the literature suggesting the solution is very limited. The most important determinant which can cure the problems of social cohesion is the better quality of institutions, however, the literature on this aspect is very scant. Current study has investigated the impact of institutional quality on social cohesion. Current study employs the fixed effect model for estimation. The analysis is conducted for 135 countries, using five-year average panel data. The results suggest that institutional quality augments social cohesion, while ethnic diversity, income inequality, and globalization are a threat to social cohesion. Gender equality and per capita income also augment social cohesion. Moreover, the threat to social cohesion is greater when there is: low institutional quality and high: ethnic diversity, and income inequality as compared to a situation where there are high institutional quality and low: ethnic diversity, and income inequality. The results further suggest that the harmful effects of ethnic diversity, globalization, and inequality can be, not only overcome by institutional quality but can also be put to use to enhance social cohesion.

scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth relationships: The moderation role of institutional quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Vu Tuan Anh ◽  
Tran Ngoc Khanh Linh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Impact

Most studies on the effect of the role of institutional quality on the relationship between foreign investment and economic growth have been carried out in Western countries. Very few studies on the above-mentioned relationships have been done in Asian countries during. This paper will be conducted in Asian countries using the following three models: Pooled OLS, Fixed effect model, and Random effect model. This paper uses secondary data from 10 Asian countries from 2011 to 2018. The empirical results show that (1): FDI has a positive effect on the economies of the countries. Asia between 2002 and 2018 (2) The quality of the state strengthens the impact of FDI on the economies of Asian countries between 2011 and 2018. These findings imply that if improving the quality of institutions, the state will attract more FDI and economic development The research paper is based on the scientific approach of quantitative methods to solve the problems posed, practical and effective service for the completion of the research purpose. The secondary data collected from the worldbank.org to create asymmetric data tables will be processed on STATA software.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi (PDRB), Rata-Rata Lama Sekolah Dan Pengangguran Dalam Disparitas Anggaran Pendidikan Di Indonesia Tahun 2015-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Luthfiah Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Creativity And Innovation

In the field of education every human being will experience a process. The presses are made to improve science, ability, creativity and innovation. In addition, education is able to increase economic growth, with the education sector able to increase the quality of human resources on the other hand indirectly, the old school's average increase in the quality of human resources and labor productivity so that it can reduce unemployment. The study aims to find out the impact of economic growth, the average length of school and unemployment on Indonesia's provincial education budget 2015-2019. This kind of research uses a quantitative method with the fixed effect model. The results of variable economic growth has significant impact on the education budget with a probability of 0,0019 or less than 0,05, for the average variable old school has significant impact on the education budget with a probability of 0.0022 and unemployment variable have a staggering 0.0000 or less than 0,05, and a variables of economic growth, the average long school and unemployment have a significant impact on the education budget with a probability of 0.000009 or less than a 0.05.

scholarly journals Institutional quality and income inequality in the advanced countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosta Josifidis ◽  
Novica Supic ◽  
Emilija Beker-Pucar
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Income Redistribution ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
Globalized Economy ◽  
Business Changes ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to shed more light on the effects of changes in quality of economic, legal and political institutions on income inequality in the advanced countries over the last two decades. Using the robust panel model on a sample of 21 OECD countries, it is found that the impact of elitization of society is more pronounced than the impact of unionization on income redistribution, but both effects are less expressed in comparison to the influence of institutional changes on redistribution. In a globalized economy, insufficient redistribution and high inequality might be interpreted as the consequence of institutional inertia to disruptive technological and business changes.

scholarly journals Inequality: an underacknowledged source of mental illness and distress

2010 ◽  
Vol 197 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate E. Pickett ◽  
Richard G. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Status Differentiation ◽  
The Impact

SummaryGreater income inequality is associated with higher prevalence of mental illness and drug misuse in rich societies. There are threefold differences in the proportion of the population suffering from mental illness between more and less equal countries. This relationship is most likely mediated by the impact of inequality on the quality of social relationships and the scale of status differentiation in different societies.

The Impact of the Credit Channel on Macroeconomic Variables and Bank Characteristics in the Brazilian Economy from 2009 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Farajnezhad
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Credit Channel ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
The Impact

This article uses commercial bank-level data to examine a credit channel of the monetary policy transmission mechanism in the Brazilian economy from BRICS countries.  Static panel data with a fixed-effect model are used for data analysis. Using a sample of 212 commercial banks from 2009 to 2018. According to the findings of this study, there is a significant and positive relationship between macroeconomic variables that affect the interest rate and GDP with the loan amount, but not with the inflation rate. Also, it is reasonable to conclude that banks in Brazil react to monetary policy in a variety of ways.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kualitas Pengungkapan Keuangan dan Struktur Kepemilikan Terhadap Asimetri Informasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Farma Andiansyah ◽  
Slamet Haryono
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Accounting Disclosure ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Statistical Effect ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Mobilizing Information ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract -The presence of information asymmetry increases transaction costs and reduces liquidity, and reduces the quality of investment decisions taken by investors. So that in turn it weakens the overall function of the market. Accounting disclosure plays a role in mobilizing information from management and investors so as to reduce information asymmetry. In addition, it is hoped that the presence of a concentration of investor ownership can carry out internal monitoring of the company so as to reduce information asymmetry. On the other hand, institutional investors have many incentives to access company information for their trading purposes due to the conflict of interest between outside investors and the board of directors. This study aims to determine the effect of disclosure quality and ownership structure on information asymmetry in companies listed on the Jakrta Islamic Index (JII) during the 2015-2019 period. Based on the results of panel data analysis of the Fixed Effect Model (FEM), it was found that institutional ownership had a significant positive effect on information asymmetry, while the quality of disclosure and ownership concentration did not have a statistical effect on information asymmetry.

scholarly journals Credit composition and income inequality in Vietnam: an empirical analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Quoc Hoi ◽  
Hương Lan Trần
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Private Credit ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the credit composition and income inequality reduction in Vietnam. In particular, the authors focus on the distinction between policy and commercial credits and investigate whether these two types of credit had adverse effects on income inequality. The authors also examine whether the impact of policy credit on income inequality is conditioned by the educational level and institutional quality.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the primary data set, which contains a panel of 60 provinces collected from the General Statistics Office of Vietnam from 2002 to 2016. The authors employ the generalized method of moments to solve the endogenous problem.FindingsThe authors show that while commercial credit increases income inequality, policy credit contributes to reducing income inequality in Vietnam. In addition, we provide evidence that the institutional quality and educational level condition the impact of policy credit on income inequality. Based on the findings, the paper implies that it was not the size of the private credit but its composition that mattered in reducing income inequality, due to the asymmetric effects of different types of credit.Originality/valueThis is the first study that examines the links between the two components of credit and income inequality as well as constraints of the links. The authors argue that analyzing the separate effects of commercial and policy credits is more important for explaining the role of credit in income inequality than the size of total credit.

scholarly journals WHETHER FDI OR EXPORTS ENHANCE INNOVATION: EVIDENCE FROM INDIAN MANUFACTURING FIRMS, 2001-2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Krishan SINGH ◽  
Dr. Sandeep Kaur BHATIA
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Capital Inflows ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Foreign Capital Inflows ◽  
Indian Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Impact

The economic reforms of 1991 resulted in an increased inflow of FDI into theIndian economy. However, for the invention of new techniques and skills, there is a greatneed to invest on R&D, requires a huge amount of capital, which can be available throughFDI inflows. Technology has been imported in heavy amount after the implementation ofliberalization policies. Therefore, the present study intends to know whether FDIcontributes to the Indian manufacturing sector through R&D or not. The average growthof the manufacturing sector in India (7.93 per cent) has been found considerably higherduring the second decade of reforms (2001-2012) as compared to first decade reforms(1991-2000). In the context of this, the present study has tried to examine the trends andpatterns of FDI and R&D in manufacturing firms of India during the second decade ofreforms (2001-12) and also, to analyze the impact of FDI and exports on R&D inmanufacturing firms of India through fixed effect model. The results suggest that R&D hasbeen significantly impacted by the import of capital goods, foreign equity, disembodiedtechnology, and export intensity during the second decade of liberalization period. Thepresent study suggests that greater approvals for foreign capital inflows are required inIndia, for enhancing the R&D in the manufacturing sector. There must be an appropriatecoordination between public and private sector, which can improve the R&D expenditureof manufacturing firms of India.

Durability and Permanence in the Quality – Contemporary Parameters, Defining the Papers and Cardboards for Printing Art

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denitsa Ivanova-Alexandrova ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Graphic Art ◽  
Long Period ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Composition Properties ◽  
The Impact

The long lifecycle, also known as durability and the permanence / invariability in the quality of papers and cardbords for graphic art, are today the basic requirements, imposed by printed art in terms of high quality parameters. These two factors are a manifestation, depending on different internal chemical-composition properties of the paper consistency and external influences of the ambience. Longevity and permanence are perceived as a function of aging and are actually observed at a later point in time. It is important to clarify that they are terms with different contents where „durability” is perceived as the ability of the paper or cardboard to resist the impact of wear during use, and the „permanence” is the possibility of product to remain chemically and physically stable for a long period of time.

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