scholarly journals Ethical Issues of Crisis Reporting in Pakistani Media

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abid Zafar ◽  
Faisal Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Television News ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Editorial Policy ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Media Ethics ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Competitive Nature ◽  
Media Data

This study is based on the qualitative content analysis of three private televisions news “GEO, EXPRESS and DUNYA NEWS” to explore ethical issues such as irresponsible reporting, unauthentic information, and sensationalism in live reporting of the crisis. The main purpose of this study is to know whether or not television news channels violate ethics in live reporting of the crisis. All national and international bodies of journalism said that media must follow media ethics for the general interest of society as no society afford free and irresponsible media. Data in the form of different news reports of GEO, EXPRESS and DUNYA televisions has been collected carefully and analyzed. For the purpose of this study three incidents i.e Bhoja airplane crash, Jinnah Avenue incident and Wagah border Lahore blast have been selected to explore ethical issues in live coverage of the crisis. It has been observed that private television channels violate media ethics in live coverage of crisis due to many factors like the competitive nature of the market, less control of editorial policy, lack of training and awareness. The study suggests that all stakeholders including media houses, authorities and civil society should form a comprehensive code of conduct to ensure implementation of media ethics for the general interest of society.

Media Ethics

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
Özlem Arda ◽  
Zuhal Akmeşe
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Television News ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Media Ethics ◽  
Communication Ethics ◽  
Ethical Codes ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Responsibility

This chapter provides an overview about media ethics that is very important for the news. Today, the rapid development and diversification of mass media tools have also accelerated the works in the field of communication ethics. Media responsibility, issues occurring in media, and public utility issues have come to the central position of communication ethics. Looking at the ethical codes in the media, it is seen that a large part of them are created for printed media, and the information about television is limited. The purpose of this study is to focus on the ethical issues that arise starting from the production stage of the television news with a holistic perspective in the context of the relationship between media and ethics by considering the ethical codes in the media and to offer solutions devoted to an ethical understanding of journalism. Within the scope of this study, the qualitative research method included the content analysis for the news about Princes Diana and Prince Harry as samples.

scholarly journals Cyber Terrorism and Public Support for Retaliation – A Multi-Country Survey Experiment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ryan Shandler ◽  
Michael L. Gross ◽  
Sophia Backhaus ◽  
Daphna Canetti
Keyword(s):  
Television News ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Randomized Experiments ◽  
Cyber Terrorism ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Terror Attacks ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Psychological Mechanism

Abstract Does exposure to cyber terrorism prompt calls for retaliatory military strikes? By what psychological mechanism does it do so? Through a series of controlled, randomized experiments, this study exposed respondents (n = 2,028) to television news reports depicting cyber and conventional terror attacks against critical infrastructures in the United States, United Kingdom and Israel. The findings indicate that only lethal cyber terrorism triggers strong support for retaliation. Findings also confirm that anger bridges exposure to cyber terrorism and retaliation, rather than psychological mechanisms such as threat perception or anxiety as other studies propose. These findings extend to the cyber realm a recent trend that views anger as a primary mechanism linking exposure to terrorism with militant preferences. With cyber terrorism a mounting international concern, this study demonstrates how exposure to this threat can generate strong public support for retaliatory policies, depending on the lethality of the attack.

scholarly journals Is It Time to Re-Evaluate the Ethics Governance of Social Media Research?

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Samuel ◽  
W. Ahmed ◽  
H. Kara ◽  
C. Jessop ◽  
S. Quinton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Research Ethics Committees ◽  
Media Ethics ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
Media Research ◽  
Social Media Research

This article reports on a U.K. workshop on social media research ethics held in May 2018. There were 10 expert speakers and an audience of researchers, research ethics committee members, and research institution representatives. Participants reviewed the current state of social media ethics, discussing well-rehearsed questions such as what needs consent in social media research, and how the public/private divide differs between virtual and real-life environments. The lack of answers to such questions was noted, along with the difficulties posed for ethical governance structures in general and the work of research ethics committees in particular. Discussions of these issues enabled the creation of two recommendations. The first is for research ethics committees and journal editors to add the category of ‘data subject research’ to the existing categories of ‘text research’ and ‘human subject research’. This would reflect the fact that social media research does not fall into either of the existing categories and so needs a category of its own. The second is that ethical issues should be considered at all stages of social media research, up to and including aftercare. This acknowledges that social media research throws up a large number of ethical issues throughout the process which, under current arrangements for ethical research governance, risks remaining unaddressed.

scholarly journals Breaking the language barrier? Comparing TV news frames across texts in different languages

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-420
Author(s):  
Sumaya Al Nahed
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Television News ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
News Frames ◽  
International Media ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Tone Of Voice ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
The Impact

This article examines two factors which have become increasingly important in today’s multi-channel international media environment, but which add significant extra levels of complexity to framing analysis: language differences and tone of voice. Through case studies examining English and Arabic language television news reports, the article considers some of the difficulties facing researchers who aim to compare spoken texts in different languages about the same events. In particular, the author focuses on the different cultural understandings of the appropriateness of emotive language in Arabic and English language journalism, and argues that in order to analyse the framing of stories in television news it is necessary to take account of the role of reporter tone in building frames. By comparing Al Jazeera’s and the BBC’s coverage of the 2011 Arab uprisings, the article aims to bridge some methodological gaps in this area, and to advance the reliability and validity of studies that attempt to compare news frames of the same events in different languages. It also considers the additional challenge of comparing tones of voice, particularly if they fluctuate throughout the story. Ultimately, the article proposes ways of going beyond literal understandings of both language and tone in order to establish the impact of both on the construction of news frames.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Intensity of Communication and Coordination of Government Officials on Twitter Social Media during the Covid-19 Handling in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Muslimin Machmud ◽  
Bambang Irawan ◽  
Kisman Karinda ◽  
Joko Susilo ◽  
. Salahudin
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Social Media Data ◽  
Communication And Coordination ◽  
Media Data

The aim of this study is to explain government officials’ communication and coordination intensity on twitter social media while handling the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative content analysis approach towards the official Indonesian government official’s account. The result showed a developed communication and intensive coordination between President Jokowi and the team, in attempt to properly accelerate the handling process. Furthermore, this activity was also achieved with a number of governors. The presidency aimed to build the commitment of central and local government officials, and jointly support the policy implementation to properly manage Covid-19. These communication and coordination activities positively impacted on the high attention of local governments to accelerate the handling in a number of regions. However, the study limitations include the use of Twitter social media data, characterized by the inability to reveal performance of government officials. Therefore, subsequent research is expected to adopt a triangulation analysis approach to data on twitter social media, online media, official government reports, and information from trends in Indonesian cases.   Received: 7 August 2020 / Accepted: 11 February 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT THE MORAL DON'TS IN THE NEWS SERVICES OF LOCAL TVS IN BAGHLAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-185
Author(s):  
Ansarullah Omari
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Television News ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Media Ethics ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
News Service ◽  
News Services

Research subject (review of moral don’ts in the news service of Baghlan local TV). The question of the research is how local TV stations in Baghlan act in order to avoid moral don’ts in their news services? Moral don’ts, in fact, are the red lines in the field of individual and social ethics that obliges journalists to refrain from them in preparing news and reports. The aim of this study is to understand the commitment of journalists of Baghlan local TVs in refraining from ethical don'ts in producing news productions. The importance of the research is that the journalists and officials of the local TV stations in Baghlan, by studying it, should identify the moral don’ts in news service and make efforts to eliminate them, and this will lead to the advancement of ethical journalism. Among the variables or moral don’ts (desecration, distortion of facts, promotion of slavery, and involvement in criminal and political issues, psychological warfare, sexual abuse, racial discrimination, ethnic discrimination and linguistic discrimination) have been studied in the Baghlan local TVs news services. The important findings of the study are that the relationship between four variables (desecration, distortion of facts, racial discrimination and ethnic discrimination) are meaningful in Baghlan local TVs news services; that its two variables (racial discrimination and ethnic discrimination) are common in all three TV stations (Baghlan National, Pasban and Tanwir) and the other two variables are only meaningful on Pasban TV. The present article is based on the theory of social responsibility. In the theory of social responsibility, the media accept and implement certain obligations in society, including refraining from moral don’ts. The research method is a quantitative research method of survey or field type. The statistical population is Pul-e-Khumri city and the sample population were selected using non-random (targeted) sampling. Keywords: ethics, media ethics, television, news service, moral don’ts

Bioethics in Unani medicine: Relevant quotes from Kamilussanah, a 10th century manuscript

2022 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Ghazala Javed ◽  
Nandini Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
National Level ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) in its Alma Ata Declaration, 1978, focuses on the development, promotion and recognition of the traditional medical systems. India has taken steps in this direction by recognising Unani medicine with other traditional medical systems practised in India. Presently, Government is promoting integration of the recognised traditional medical systems with conventional medicine at the national level, as an interdisciplinary approach to providing better patient-centred care. Bioethics is a field of enquiry that examines ethical issues and dilemmas emerging from medical care and research involving humans. Although the term ‘bioethics’ was first mentioned in 1927 and later established as a distinct discipline in 1970s, the ethical principles in various contexts had been described centuries ago in the classical texts pertaining to traditional medical systems. Since ethics as a code of conduct was followed by ancient Unani physicians to safeguard the interests of humanity when providing healthcare, it was felt that a review of classical Unani manuscripts should be attempted to give an insight into codes of conduct described by various Unani physicians. In this paper, a 10th century book, “Kamilussanah” authored by Ali ibn Abbas al-Majoosi, also known as Majoosi (930-994 CE), is reviewed through the prism of ethics.

Determining factors of participants' attitudes toward the ethics of social media data research

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Chen ◽  
Chuanfu Chen ◽  
Si Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Social Media Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Media Data

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the participants' attitudes toward the ethical issues caused by collecting social media data (SMD) for research, as well as the effects of familiarity, trust and altruism on the participants' attitudes toward the ethics of SMD research. It is hoped that through this study, scholars will be reminded to respect participants and engage in ethical reflection when using SMD in research.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted social media users as its research subjects and used Sina Microblog, the world's largest Chinese social media platform, as the example. Based on the 320 valid responses collected from a survey, structural equation modeling was employed to examine the research model.FindingsThe results indicated that altruism, familiarity and trust have significant influences on participants' attitudes toward the ethics of SMD research, and familiarity also influences attitudes through the mediating role of trust and altruism.Originality/valueThis study explored the mechanism underlying the relationship between the determining factors and participants' attitudes toward the ethics of SMD research, and the results demonstrated that the informed consent mechanism is an effective way to communicate with participants and that the guiding responsibility of the platform should be improved to standardize SMD research.

Lawyers and Courts in French Popular Culture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Villez
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Television News ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
The Public ◽  
News Reports ◽  
American Popular Culture ◽  
Over Time

From watching imported American popular culture dramas focusing on criminal justice, French television viewers have become confused as to how their own legal system really works. They have erroneous expectations of behaviours in court, like addressing judges by the wrong title, a title that comes from poor dubbing. Or they will refuse to answer questions, thinking they have Fifth Amendment protections, when they do not. They know very little of the organization of courtroom space. Since it is forbidden by law to take photographs or film trials in France, it is difficult to bring accurate court images to the public. The French produce police dramas, but very few series or made-for-television movies on justice, thus providing no alternatives for these erroneous criteria. They do, however, produce documentaries and docudramas dealing with past investigations or with timely issues such as recidivism or reintegration into society after prison. Documentaries, although pertinent, give viewers only one-shot access to the representations of justice and the legal professions they contain. The do not facilitate the acquisition over time of a legal culture. In addition to the confusion, the French have a negative image of lawyers as motivated by money and politics rather than justice. Films and French television fictions are responsible for this impression. Television news reports are short and give incomplete accounts of the law or on-going proceedings. Sometimes lawyers are interviewed in these reports, but never prosecutors or judges. Judges and prosecutors are magistrats, not lawyers. They train in different institutions from lawyers and are civil servants, so they are not as likely as lawyers to be making a lot of money, nor are they free to make public statements. The image of these professions is consequently more positive in the French imagination as portrayed in the popular culture.

scholarly journals Comprehensive scoping review of health research using social media data

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e022931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Taylor ◽  
Claudia Pagliari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Media Data ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Health Related Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Google Search ◽  
Media Data

IntroductionThe rising popularity of social media, since their inception around 20 years ago, has been echoed in the growth of health-related research using data derived from them. This has created a demand for literature reviews to synthesise this emerging evidence base and inform future activities. Existing reviews tend to be narrow in scope, with limited consideration of the different types of data, analytical methods and ethical issues involved. There has also been a tendency for research to be siloed within different academic communities (eg, computer science, public health), hindering knowledge translation. To address these limitations, we will undertake a comprehensive scoping review, to systematically capture the broad corpus of published, health-related research based on social media data. Here, we present the review protocol and the pilot analyses used to inform it.MethodsA version of Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage scoping review framework will be followed: (1) identifying the research question; (2) identifying the relevant literature; (3) selecting the studies; (4) charting the data and (5) collating, summarising and reporting the results. To inform the search strategy, we developed an inclusive list of keyword combinations related to social media, health and relevant methodologies. The frequency and variability of terms were charted over time and cross referenced with significant events, such as the advent of Twitter. Five leading health, informatics, business and cross-disciplinary databases will be searched: PubMed, Scopus, Association of Computer Machinery, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, alongside the Google search engine. There will be no restriction by date.Ethics and disseminationThe review focuses on published research in the public domain therefore no ethics approval is required. The completed review will be submitted for publication to a peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary open access journal, and conferences on public health and digital research.

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