scholarly journals The Perception of Malaysian Rural and Urban Indigenous Women on Body Image

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-304
Author(s):  
Emily Lau Kui-Ling ◽  
◽  
Monna Kiaw ◽  
Nurul Huda Hamzah ◽  
Peter Sercombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
Similar Body

This study investigates the perception of body image among indigenous women in Peninsular Malaysia. Using a sample drawn from urban (n=38) and rural (n=21) settings, the study engages participants who are more or less socio-economically acculturated to mainstream society in order to explore different attitudes to body image, and anxiety level about social physique between rural and urban women. Rural indigenous women registered a higher level of body dissatisfaction than their urban counterparts. However, there was no significant difference in attitudes towards body image between indigenous women in both locations. Due to a degree of presumed acculturation to western ideals of body image, urban indigenous women who were not underweight showed a higher anxiety level concerning their physique than those from rural areas with a similar body size. It was also found that a higher level of body dissatisfaction correlated with a poorer body image among indigenous women in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Measurement and Decomposition of Consumption Inequality in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Pravat Uprety
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Measures Of Inequality

This study aims at computing, comparing and decomposing the different inequality indices by rural and urban areas, sex of household head and ecological belt, so that policy maker can make the policy to reduce the inequality in Nepal. This study is based on the raw data taken from the 3rd Nepal Living Standard Survey-2011 conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). The study has used real consumption as the main variable to measure the inequality. In most of the cases five measures of inequality; Coefficient of variation (CV), Quantile Ratio Index, Gini Index, Generalised Entropy Index with parameter 0 and 1 were computed. The Gini index, Theil’s L and Theil’s T indices are 0.328, 0.175 and 0.194, respectively. The study has found no significant difference in inequality between male- and female-headed households; and the inequality in urban areas is higher than that in the rural areas. By ecological belts, the inequality is highest in hills and lowest in mountains. The country should place focus on urban areas and hilly belt to reduce inequality.

scholarly journals Quality Assurance and Internal Efficiency of Primary School Teachers in Ekiti State

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
B. B. Arogundade ◽  
F. A. Belo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Essential Variable ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Internal Efficiency

Abstract The study examined the relationship between quality assurance and internal efficiency of primary school teachers in Ekiti State. The study was a descriptive research design of the survey type. The study population comprised all the 9,310 primary school teachers and all primary school pupils in Ekiti State while a sample of 700 teachers and 700 primary six pupils were selected through random, proportionate and stratified sampling techniques. The instruments used to collect data were questionnaire titled “Quality Assurance Questionnaire” which was answered by teachers and “Teachers Internal Efficiency Questionnaire” which was administered on the pupils. The instruments were validated with reliability coefficients of 0.78 for QAQ and 0.75 for TIEQ. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and t-test at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between quality assurance and internal efficiency of primary school teachers. It was also revealed that there was significant difference in the quality assurance measures provided in rural and urban schools. It was concluded on the basis of the findings of the study that quality assurance is an essential variable of primary school teachers’ internal efficiency. It was therefore recommended that supervising agencies of primary education should closely monitor teachers’ activities, especially those in the rural areas in order to boost their internal efficiency. It was also recommended that workshop and conferences should regularly be organized for primary school administrators, most especially those in the rural areas on the various ways through which their teachers’ activities could be monitored in order to actualize school goals.

scholarly journals FENOMENA NOMOPHOBIA PADA ANAK USIA DINI BERDASARKAN TIPOLOGI WILAYAH DAN HUBUNGANNYA TERHADAP PERILAKU PROSOSIAL DAN ANTISOSIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
Dian Novita ◽  
Kenty Martiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
T Test ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi fenomena nomophobia pada anak usia dini di wilayah perdesaan dan perkotaan, menganalisis perbedaan perilaku nomophobia dan perilaku sosial antara kedua wilayah, serta menganalisis hubungan perilaku nomophobia terhadap perilaku sosial. Penelitian ini dilakukan di dua wilayah yaitu di Kabupaten Kuningan (representatif wilayah perdesaan) dan Kota Depok (representatif wilayah perkotaan) dengan responden masing-masing sebanyak 50 orang, sehingga total responden adalah 100 orang. Data yang dikumpulkan dari penelitian ini adalah perilaku nomophobia yang menggunakan instrumen NMP-Q (Yildirim,2015) dan perilaku sosial diukur berdasarkan dimensi yang dikembangkan oleh Hurlock (1978) yang terdiri atas perilaku prososial dan antisosial. Melalui uji independent sample t-test, hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada perilaku nomophobia antara wilayah perdesaan dan perkotaan. Skor rata-rata perilaku nomophobia di perdesaan adalah 35,61 sedangkan di perkotaan adalah 35,72 yang termasuk kategori rendah. Perilaku sosial di kedua wilayah sebagian besar menunjukkan kategori tinggi (64%) dan tidak ada perbedaan perilaku sosial secara umum baik di perdesaan maupun perkotaan. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan signifikan antara perilaku nomophobia dan perilaku sosial namun koefisien korelasi negatif yaitu -0,085 menjadi indikasi bahwa semakin tinggi perilaku nomophobia maka akan semakin rendah perilaku sosial anak usia dini. Hal ini perlu mendapat perhatian bersama, mengingat dampak buruk yang dapat ditimbulkan dari adanya fenomena nomophobia terutama pada anak usia dini. Kata Kunci: anak usia dini, nomophobia, perilaku sosial   Nomophobia Phenomenons in Early Childhood based on Regional Typology and       Its Relationship to Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors Abstract This study aims to identify the phenomenon of nomophobia in early childhood in rural and urban areas, to analyze differences in nomophobic behavior and social behavior between the two regions and to analyze the relationship between nomophobic behavior and social behavior. This research was conducted in two areas, namely Kuningan District (rural area representative) and Depok City (urban area representative) with 50 respondents each, so that the total number of respondents was 100 people. The data collected from this study were nomophobic behavior using the NMP-Q instrument (Yildirim, 2015) and social behavior was measured based on the dimensions developed by Hurlock (1978) which consisted of prosocial and antisocial behavior. Through the independent samples t-test, it was found that the results of the study showed no significant difference in nomophobic behavior between rural and urban areas. The average score of nomophobic behavior in rural areas is 35,61, while in urban areas it is 35,72 which is in the low category. Most of the social behavior in the two regions shows the high category (64%) and there is no difference in social behavior in general, both in rural and urban areas. The results of the correlation test showed that there was no significant relationship between nomophobic behavior and social behavior, but the negative correlation coefficient, namely -0,085, is an indication that the higher the nomophobic behavior, the lower the social behavior of early childhood. This needs mutual attention, considering the bad effects that can be caused by the phenomenon of nomophobia, especially in early childhood. Keywords : early childhood, nomophobia, social behavior

ESTABLISHING THE WELL-BEING OF THE RURAL-URBAN ELDERLY POPULATION: A CASE STUDY OF INDONESIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAIDATULAKMAL MOHD ◽  
AZLINDA AZMAN ◽  
JAMALLUDIN SULAIMAN ◽  
ISMAIL BABA
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urban Elderly ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference

This study determines and compares the influence of various demographic factors in achieving well-being of the elderly population in the rural and urban areas in Indonesia. Age, marital status, social class, perceived health and economic condition are some of the main contributing factors in measuring well-being. In addition, social aspects such as living and familial arrangement were also investigated to establish elderly population well being. Data were collected using a survey-interview method. A total of 157 elderly in the urban areas and 145 elderly in the rural areas were surveyed. A causal model of well-being was employed to analyse the data obtained. The model of well-being was then tested using path analysis to test the causal relationships among the variables. Although the study indicated that there was no significant difference of well-being between the rural and urban elderly, the social support variables generally help improve the well-being of the elderly population.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN TINGKAT DEPRESI ANTARA LANSIA DI PEDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tunjung Sri Yulianti ◽  
Anggit Ike Prascika
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Village

AbstractElderly will fail maintaining a balance of physiological conditions, thereby increasingvulnerability to depression. Factors that influence is the socio-economic changes, socialvalues, awareness among individuals and others. More urban environment isindividualistic and socioeconomic pressures are higher, while rural areas have theeducational background lower. The results showed not a few elderly people who returnedto the village because they felt pressured by the situation in the city, the elderly should bealone in the house and no neighbors who could be invited to communicate, so it isdifficult to be happy. But there are also elderly who live in the village reveal feelingdepressed and showed signs of depression. Purpose of the study to determine the levelof depression in the elderly in urban, rural and differences in the level of depressionamong the elderly who live in rural and urban areas.Subjects were elderly who live in the village of Palur Sukoharjo and Kampung SewuSurakarta. Methods of analytical study comparative research design. Measuringinstrument used is the Geriatric Depression Scale. Test data normality using theKolmogorov-Smirnov Test. Statistical test with independent t test.The results of the study obtained significancy value of t-test (two-tailed) 0.001.Conclusion of research is significant difference in rates of depression among the elderlyin urban and rural areas, the elderly in urban areas have higher levels of depression thanelderly people in rural areasKeywords: Elderly Depression Level, Rural, Urban

scholarly journals Comparing the risk of falls between rural and urban elderly

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 33449
Author(s):  
Guilherme Tavares de Arruda ◽  
Cyntia Scher Strelow ◽  
Áureo Júnior Weschenfelder ◽  
Michele Adriane Froelich ◽  
Hedioneia Maria Foletto Pivetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Of Falls

 The aim of this study was to compare the risk of falls and characterize them in the urban and rural elderly. Observational study with elderly from urban and rural areas in the interior of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, evaluated by the Fall Risk Score and further criteria for the evaluation and characterization of the last fall within 12 months. A total of 125 elderly, 89 urban and 36 rural was evaluated. There was a high prevalence of medication use (93.6%), impaired vision (35.2%) and previous falls (81.6%) in the total sample of individuals as well as the risk of falls (76.8%) without differences between the groups. The variables of statistical significance were impaired hearing (p = 0.009) and impairment of the lower limbs (p = 0.04). Both the elderly living in rural areas and in urban areas showed high risk for falls in the group studied, with no significant difference between them. Thus, it is worth highlighting the importance of making a health work for guidance on falls. 

scholarly journals A Comparative Study to Assess the Nutritional Status of Urban and Rural Pre-school Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 08-13
Author(s):  
M Justin Jaspher ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Chronic Malnutrition ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anthropometric Assessment

Background of the Study: Stunting, wasting, and underweight are the important nutritional status indicators for children. “While stunting is caused by long-term insufficient nutrient intake and repeated infections, wasting is a result of acute food shortage and illness. Wasting, on the other hand, is a strong predictor of mortality and requires urgent response. Underweight combines information about linear growth obstruction and weight for length/height” [7]. Understanding differences in the determinants of childhood malnutrition between urban and rural areas is important to design appropriate, relevant program and policy implementation. Aims & Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess and compare the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among pre-school children in rural and urban area. Methodology: Convenient random sampling technique was used to gather data in 100 samples, 50 each from rural and urban population. Data was collected by using structured interview and anthropometric assessment. The questionnaire consisted of two parts, i.e., demographic data and questions regarding anthropometric assessment, age, height, weight etc. The three nutritional status indicators, HAZ - z-score for height-for-age, (Stunting), WAZ - z-score for weight for age (Underweight), WHZ- z – score weight for height (Wasting) were calculated using WHO Anthro survey application. Results: This study revealed that Prevalence of acute malnutrition (stunting) among rural pre-school children is 28% which was higher than the prevalence of acute malnutrition in urban pre-school children which was only 18 %. Prevalence of Underweight among rural pre-school children is 36% which was higher than the prevalence of underweight in urban pre-school children which was only 34 %. Prevalence of chronic malnutrition (wasting) among rural pre-school children is 32% which was lower than the prevalence of chronic malnutrition in urban pre-school children in which it was 46%. There is no significant association between the nutritional status of the rural and urban pre-school children with the selected demographic variables. This indicates even though there was a significant difference between the rural and urban pre-school children, both group of children are at the risk of one or other malnutrition related problems. Conclusion: This study suggests that even though there was a significant difference between the rural and urban pre-school children, both group of children are at the risk of one or other malnutrition problem.

scholarly journals Returns to Education in Rural and Urban China: An Empirical Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Feng Wang ◽  
Hao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Returns To Education ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
National Level ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rate Of Returns

This paper focuses on the returns to education in China, and it aims to determine the returns rate difference between those in the rural and urban areas. Mincer’s model has been used as the base for the returns rate calculation. OLS has been chosen as the estimator for the regression analysis. The data set selected for analyzing was CHIP 2013, which is one of the latest national level education and income surveys conducted in China. The empirical analysis results showed that the rate of returns to education for the general samples was 13.9%. This, therefore, was higher than the rate (around 10%) in 2000-2010 in China. Meanwhile, the significant difference between rural (3.7%) and urban (25.6%) areas has been detected. The gender equality testing showed that in rural areas, the rate of returns to education for females (9.1%) was much higher than males (2.5%). The results provided an overview of the current situation regarding the educational investment in China. It also pointed out the income and educational inequality between rural-urban and male-female.

scholarly journals Impact of Gender and Location on Mathematical Thinking and Mathematics Achievement

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Binod Nepal
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Achievement ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mathematical Thinking ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
National Development ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Mathematics

Educational empowerment is taken as the most important indicator of national development. Students' achievement is seen as the key to improve educational empowerment. So to enhance students' achievement we should pay attention to achievements of overall subject of the secondary level, which is the base of further education. This paper aimed to find out the level of Mathematical Thinking and the Mathematics Achievement of the students of grade X in Nepal gender and location wise. Three districts Sindhupalchok, Kathmandu, Mahottari were selected as the study area. 400 students were selected as the sample. Mathematical Thinking Test and Mathematics Achievement Test were used as the instruments and data was analyzed using t-test. Finally, the study found out that there is no significance difference on the level of Mathematical Thinking and the Mathematics Achievement between male and female and there was another finding was that there is significant difference between rural and urban students on the level of Mathematical Thinking and Mathematics Achievement. These findings are applicable to improve teaching strategies and create new plans to make better performance of the students from rural areas. Journal of Advanced Academic Research, Vol. 3, No.3, 2016, page:11-21

Gastrointestinal parasites in rural dogs and cats in Selangor and Pahang states in Peninsular Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romano Ngui ◽  
Soo Lee ◽  
Nan Yap ◽  
Tiong Tan ◽  
Roslan Aidil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures

AbstractTo estimate the current prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in dogs and cats, a total of 105 fresh faecal samples were collected from rural areas in Peninsular Malaysia. Each faecal sample was examined for the presence of GI parasites by microscopic examination after formalin-ether concentration technique and for protozoa, trichrome and Ziehl-Neelsen staining were employed. The overall prevalence of GI parasitic infection was 88.6% (95% CI = 82.5–94.7) in which 88.3% of dogs and 89.3% of cats were infected with at least one parasites species, respectively. There were 14 different GI parasites species (nematodes, cestodes and protozoa) detected, including Ancylostoma spp. (62.9%), Toxocara spp. (32.4%), Trichuris vulpis (21.0%), Spirometra spp. (9.5%), Toxascaris leonina (5.7%), Dipylidium caninum (4.8%), Ascaris spp. (2.9%), Hymenolepis diminuta (1.0%) and others. General prevalence of GI parasites showed a significant difference between helminth (84.4%) and protozoa (34.3%) infections. Monoparasitism (38.1%) was less frequent than polyparasitism (46.7%). As several of these GI parasites are recognized as zoonotic agents, the results of this investigation revealed that local populations may be exposed to a broad spectrum of zoonotic agents by means of environmental contamination with dogs and cats faeces and this information should be used to mitigate public health risks. Prevention and control measures have to be taken in order to reduce the prevalence rates especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities where animals live in close proximity to people, poor levels of hygiene and overcrowding together with a lack in veterinary attention and zoonotic awareness.

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