scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF OPTIONS OF TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEMES PROCESSING OF MAIN TYPES OF GRAIN RAW MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Ivan Sevostianov ◽  
Yaroslav Ivanchuck ◽  
Maryna Pidlypna
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Automated Synthesis ◽  
Specific Production ◽  
Preliminary Processing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rational Sequence ◽  
Shape And Size

The processes of processing of grain raw materials are quite common at food and processing enterprises in Ukraine. This is due to the significant volumes and wide variety of these raw materials, as well as a wide range of semi-finished products and finished products that are obtained from them. In particular, the country's enterprises process such types of grain crops as wheat, barley, rye, corn, oats, rice, sorghum, millet, chumiza, mogar, paiza, buckwheat (buckwheat family), mealy amaranth (amaranth family). Peas, beans, lentils, soybeans and other legumes are also grown in large volumes. All these raw materials come from different farms, in different conditions, in a wide range of varieties and quality, thus, even for the same type of grain raw materials such parameters as the shape and size of grains, their weight, moisture, glassiness, hardness, degree of damage and many others may differ significantly. Depending on the type of products obtained from grain raw materials (flour, cereals, malt, bran, starch, gluten, molasses, alcohol grains, vegetable oil, oilcakes, meal), the technologies for its preliminary processing may have significant differences. The purpose of this work is to develop a methodology for choosing a rational sequence for processing grain raw materials, taking into account the initial quality parameters, conditions of a specific production and criteria for the efficiency of working processes (productivity, energy intensity and quality of finished products). The article also provides options for technological schemes for the preliminary processing of the main types of dry grain raw materials. The proposed sequence for the development of these technological schemes can further serve as the basis for creating a computer program for automated synthesis and analysis of rational options for technological processes for processing dry grain raw materials.

scholarly journals Создание гибридов сверхсахарной кукурузы с высоким уровнем антиоксидантной активности с использованием тест-системы на основе стабильного радикала DPPH

2016 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
В. В. Поздняков ◽  
Ю. В. Харченко ◽  
Л. Я. Харченко ◽  
О. В. Анцыферова
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Canning Industry

Гибриды сахарной и сверхсахарной кукурузы являются хорошим сырьем для производства функциональных пищевых продуктов, в том числе диетического и детского питания. Важными показателями высокого качества этих продуктов являются повышенное содержание белка и ценного масла, незначительное количество плохо усвояемого кукурузного крахмала и высокое содержание антиоксидантов, а также отменные вкусовые качества. В работе представлены данные по оценке антиоксидантной активности большой группы новых перспективных гибридов сверхсахарной кукурузы среднеспелой группы, созданных с целью получения ценных источников сырья для консервной промышленности. Значения показателя общей антиоксидантной активности варьировали в широком интервале значений (от 31,8 % до 60,4 %, 568,4–1008 мкг/г семян), что указывает на перспективность использования этого важного биохимического параметра в селекции сверхсахарной кукурузы на качество. Hybrids of excess sugar maize are good raw material for the production of functional food products, including baby food and diet. Important indicators of high quality of these products are high protein content and a valuable oil, a small amount of poorly digestible maize starch and a high content of antioxidants, and also excellent taste qualities. The paper presents data on the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of a large group of promising new hybrids of excess sugar maize of mid-group created in order to obtain valuable raw materials for the canning industry. Index value of total antioxidant activity varied over a wide range (from 31,8 % to 60,4 %, 568,4–1,008 mg/g of seed), which indicates on promising use of this important parameter in the breeding of biochemical excess sugar maize on quality.

THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE CROP AND QUALITY OF FIBER FLAX

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (86) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
V.G. Chernikov ◽  
◽  
R.A. Rostovtsev ◽  
N.A. Kudryavtsev ◽  
I.V. Uschapovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
Yield And Quality

The formation of fiber flax yield and quality parameters depends on many soil-climatic, breedinggenetic, as well as anthropogenic factors. The quality of flax fiber is a combination of a number of features and properties that depend on the varietal characteristics of plants, the conditions of their cultivation, technologies for harvesting and straw retting, as well as on the processing modes of raw materials. During plant vegetation (90-130 days) many factors such as soil conditions (pH 4.8-5.5, humus 1.8-2.5%, P2O5 and K2O – 150-200 and 100-200 mg/kg, respectively) and the area of plant nutrition (15-30 million seeds/ha), temperature regime (the sum of active temperatures 1000-1800ºC), water supplying (400-430 units of water mass to create 1 unit of dry matter) and insolation (the arrival of FAR during the growing season 20-25 kcal / cm²), contamination of weeds (more than 60 annual and perennial species) and pests (more than 200 types of fungal, bacterial and viral diseases), features of phytosanitary measures (more than 50 chemicals) and agrotechnologic manners (Federal Register of technologies for the production of crop products) have a great influence on the quality of flax raw materials and can be a limit factor. Environmentally hazardous pollution of air, water and soil - the main components for the production of fiber flax – strongly affects the yield and quality of flax products. The development of waste-free environmentally friendly technologies for the cultivation, harvesting and processing of flax is an urgent task of scientific support of the industry. The main environmental factors affecting the yield and quality of fiber flax are discussed in the article.

scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF APPLICATION MODES OF MACHINING ATTACHMENTS FOR PROCESSING PARTS BY THE METHOD OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Д.Г. ЧУРИЛОВ ◽  
И.С. АРАПОВ ◽  
А.В. СТАРУНСКИЙ ◽  
С.Д. ПОЛИЩУК
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Inertial Force ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Surface Plastic ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diamond Burnishing

Проблема и цель. Установлено, что функциональное действие машин в значительной мере определяется параметрами качества их поверхностного слоя. Цель работы – обеспечение качества поверхностного слоя деталей одним из наиболее эффективных способов, обеспечивающих управление в широком диапазоне показателями качества обработки деталей поверхностным пластическим деформированием (ОУО ППД). Одни и те же параметры качества поверхностного слоя можно получить, используя различные методы и режимы ОУО ППД. Для их оценки необходимо определение трудоемкости операции. Следовательно, имеет место совокупность научно-технических задач, решение которых позволяет разработать методологию, алгоритм и программу выбора оптимального метода и условий ОУО ППД, обеспечивающих требуемые параметры качества поверхности при минимальной технологической себестоимости, что дает значительный экономический эффект. Методология. Одним из способов обработки деталей при восстановлении служит алмазное выглаживание после процесса шлифования. Выглаживатель – кристаллический алмаз – перераспределят металл поверхностного слоя, при этом меняется микрорельеф. После алмазного выглаживания увеличивается надежность, долговечность деталей, износостойкость. Для достижения цели предлагается использование двухзвенных оправок, которые позволяют исключить биение обрабатываемой поверхности. Структурный эквивалент механизма близок к кривошипно-шатунному механизму, в отличие от которого радиус обрабатываемой детали распределяется по дуге. Изменения силы выглаживания устанавливают связь между статической силой и силой инерции. Статическую силу сглаживания можно определить, зная основные технологические параметры и процессы. Сила инерции зависит от массы подвижного звена оправки. Результаты. Результаты настоящего исследования показали: к числу задаваемых параметров относятся масса подвижного звена оправки, диаметр детали, скорость скольжения, эксцентриситет, постоянная механизма и сила инерции. Найдены разрешенные частоты вращения в зависимости от диаметра детали. Заключение. Данная методика может быть применена для восстановления рабочих поверхностей поршневых пальцев автотракторных дизельных двигателей сельскохозяйственного назначения и позволяет снизить уровень шероховатости поверхности обрабатываемых деталей. Problem and purpose. Problem and purpose. It has been established that the functional action of machines is largely determined by the quality parameters of their surface layer. The purpose of the work is to ensure the quality of the surface layer of parts by one of the most effective methods that provides control over a wide range of quality indicators for processing parts by surface plastic deformation (SPD). The same parameters of the quality of the surface layer can be obtained using different methods and modes of SPD. To assess them, it is necessary to determine the complexity of the operation. Consequently, there is a set of scientific and technical problems, the solution of which makes it possible to develop a methodology, an algorithm and a program for choosing the optimal method and conditions for SPD, which provide the required surface quality parameters at a minimum technological cost, that gives a significant economic effect. Methodology. One of the methods of processing parts during restoration is diamond burnishing after the grinding process. The smoother or the crystal diamond will redistribute the metal of the surface layer, thus changing the microrelief. After diamond burnishing, reliability, durability of parts, and wear resistance increase. To achieve the goal, it is proposed to use two-link mandrels, which allow to exclude the beating of the treated surface. The structural equivalent of the mechanism is close to the crank gear, in contrast to which the radius of the workpiece is distributed along the arc. Changes in the smoothing force establish a relationship between static force and inertial force. The static smoothing force can be determined by knowing the basic technological parameters and processes. The force of inertia depends on the mass of the moving link of the mandrel. Results. The results of this study showed that the parameters set included the mass of the movable link of the mandrel, the diameter of the part, the sliding speed, the eccentricity, the constant of the mechanism and the force of inertia. The permitted speeds were found depending on the diameter of the part. Conclusion. This technique can be used to restore the working surfaces of the piston pins of automotive diesel engines for agricultural purposes and can reduce the level of surface roughness of the processed parts

FALSIFICATION OF CITRUS JUICES

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3(53)) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Anna Nikolaevna Lilishentseva ◽  
Karolina Vladimirovna Borovaya
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Citrus Juices ◽  
Ph Level

The problem of falsification of juice products today is urgent due to the fact that this group of food products is consumed by all segments of the population. Today, at the same time as the presence of a wide range of juices in the modern market, it is quite difficult to identify them and prevent falsification. As a result, there is a need to strengthen control over the quality of juice products and to develop criteria for the authenticity of juices. The article presents the results of the study of the quality of orange juices purchased in the retail outlets in Minsk. In order to identify and detect falsification, a comprehensive assessment of juices was carried out. The author determined the main indicators of the quality and safety of juices such as dissolved solids, titratable acidity, pH level, sugar-acid ratio. However, due to the fact that these indicators can be easily adjusted by adding organic acids, sugars and other components, a study was carried out of such indicators as the content of oxymethylfurfural and formol index, which are the most difficult to falsify. Standard and common methods were used during the experiment. The quality assessment also included an analysis of the causes of deviations that could be found during the study. These causes may be explainable properties of raw materials or technological features of production.

scholarly journals Formulations and Nutrition Value of New Multicomponent Fruit and Berry Liqueurs

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-446
Author(s):  
Батуч Гусейнова ◽  
Batuch Guseinova ◽  
Фируза Ашурбекова ◽  
Firuza Ashurbekova ◽  
Татьяна Даудова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Wild Fruit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Nutrition Value ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Β Carotene

Local vegetable raw materials have good prospects in developing new balanced foods with high nutrition value. As a rule, local vegetable raw materials are environmentally friendly and contain a wide range of biologically and physiologically active agents. Fruit liqueurs possess a balanced chemical composition and a high nutrition and physiological value. They produce a recreational or preventive effect on human organism. However, the level of consumption of fresh fruit and berries remains low because of their seasonality. Moreover, the range of fruit and berry products is usually very poor, and very few of them are beneficial for human health and can prevent diseases. The research featured the formulations and production technology for new multicomponent fruit liqueurs of high nutrition value. The liqueurs were made from Dagestan garden and wild fruit and berries with a high content of macro- and micronutrients. The nutrition value and quality of the liqueurs were estimated according to the mass concentration of sugars, titrable acids, vitamins C and P, β-carotene, mineral elements, and phenolic and pectinaceous substances. The sensory properties were measured according to a 10-score system. The paper introduces formulations and technologies for three types of liqueur (Zhivitel’naya, Garmoniya, and Uslada). They involved alcoholized and fermentation-alcoholized juices of grapes, fruit and berry fruit drinks and extracts that mutually complemented each other according to valuable components. The new liqueurs have a high nutrition since 100 cm3 of the liqueur per day partially satisfies the daily requirements for some nutrients: phenolic substances – for 37.5–55.0%; pectinaceous substances – 17.5–32.5%; in vitamin C – 13.7–38.7%, β-carotene – 17.6–43.0%, and a microelement iron – for 14.0–26.0%. The multicomponent fruit liqueurs possess a wide range of biologically and physiologically active agents. As a result, they improve physical activity and increase resistance to bad ecological environment.

scholarly journals Chemical quality parameters (water, protein, fat, NaCl ash and nitrites) in fermented sausage with the addition of Yersinia enterocolitica

2021 ◽  
Vol 854 (1) ◽  
pp. 012061
Author(s):  
R R Mitrovic ◽  
V V Jankovic ◽  
J S Ciric ◽  
V Z Djordjevic ◽  
Z Lj Juric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Fermented Sausage ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Fermented Sausages ◽  
Different Types

Abstract The connection between diet and health was known to the oldest civilizations. Meat processing has influenced the increase of meat consumption, protein utilization and its energy value. Fermented sausages which are prepared in a safe way are rich in animal proteins and are an important part of the diet. Meat and adipose tissue are the basic ingredients in the production of fermented sausages, along with spices and salts, and other additives depending on the specifics of the product. Ripening is a process that separates raw sausages from all other types of sausages, and the quality of raw materials and their treatment directly affects the quality of the finished product, because the process of fermented sausage production is dominated by biological and biochemical processes. Different types of foods can cause food-borne illnesses, one of which is zoonotic yersiniosis caused by Yersinia enterocolitica. Due to the importance of Yersinia in meat, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommended that in addition to controlling the presence of Salmonella, it is mandatory to examine pork carcasses for the presence of Y. enterocolitica.

scholarly journals Characterization of ‘Castellana’ Virgin Olive Oils with Regard to Olive Ripening

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Mena ◽  
Alejandra Z. González ◽  
Raúl Olivero-David ◽  
María Ángeles Pérez-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Virgin Olive Oils ◽  
Olive Oils ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sensorial Quality ◽  
Olive Ripening

The production of high-quality virgin olive oil from traditional olive (Olea europaea L.) varieties with peculiar and differential characteristics is of great interest for the olive oil market. ‘Castellana’ is an autochthonous variety mainly located in the center of Spain. The aims of this study were 1) the characterization of ‘Castellana’ virgin olive oils and 2) the evaluation of the influence of fruit ripening degree on the oil quality to establish an optimum harvest time for ‘Castellana’ olives. A wide range of physicochemical and sensorial quality parameters were assayed in oils produced at four harvest times during three crop seasons. ‘Castellana’ oils could be classified into the extra virgin category at all ripening degrees studied. This variety provides well-balanced oils from the sensorial point of view with an optimum chemical composition. Nevertheless, fruit maturation had a strong effect in various quality parameters, especially total phenol content, total tocopherol content, sensorial quality, and to a lesser extent in fatty acid composition. Loss of antioxidants and decrease in sensorial quality take place during olive ripening, reducing the nutritional, sensorial, and commercial quality of virgin olives oils as the harvest is delayed. Results suggest that the production of optimal extra virgin olive oil requires that ‘Castellana’ olives should be harvested from the middle of November to the middle of December, coinciding with a ripening index between 3.1 and 4.1. These results are of great importance to the olive oil industry for improving the quality of virgin olive oils produced from ‘Castellana’.

scholarly journals Quality of Coke used in Blast Furnace Process – Analysis of Selected Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 602-609
Author(s):  
Edyta Kardas ◽  
Pavlína Pustějovská
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Pig Iron ◽  
Blast Furnace Process ◽  
Furnace Process

Abstract The basic economic goal of pig iron process is to produce a finished product at the highest possible quality and at the lowest possible cost. The quality of pig iron depends on the quality of raw materials used in the process, quality of fuels and process parameters. The cost of fuel is one of the basic component of cost of pig iron production. Therefore, consumption of fuels should be minimized while maintaining its high quality. The main technological fuel of this process is blast furnace coke. Very often, cheaper alternative kinds of fuels are used in the form of finer sorts of coke or alternative fuels (e.g. coal dust). However, they can be used only in a limited amount. The aim of the paper is the assessment of the selected quality parameters of stabilized coke used in the blast furnace process and the comparison of their values with requirements.

scholarly journals Diffusion characteristics of dyeing in Polyester fiber garments referred to their mixtures with cotton and composition

Veritas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Hugo Jiménez-Pacheco ◽  
Gregorio Urbano Palma Figueroa ◽  
Javier Alonso Villegas Aragon ◽  
María del Carmen Camiña Pacheco ◽  
Antonio Erick Linares Flores Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
New Production ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Diffusion Characteristics ◽  
Textile Dyeing ◽  
Polyester Fibers

Currently, textile dyeing companies determine their market according to the raw materials processed, which are based on 100% cotton fibers, these fibers are directed to an exclusive market and therefore these companies establish criteria of high quality standards in each of its processes, dyeing being one of the most demanding due to its fastness parameters and color specifications, these characteristics establish the competitiveness of expanding a product portfolio with the incursion of 100% fiber-based clothing polyester and with cotton blends.Some studies suggest the implementation of the dyeing process of these fibers, allowing the organization to have new production alternatives, dyeing processes for polyester and cotton are carried out with heat treatment between 60 °C and 130 °C respectively, with the use of dispersed and chemical dyes; as in the dyeing of Polyester-Cotton that are made in bathrooms established in each stage. Color and solidity tests are performed according to quality parameters, with light and wash fastness controls. Within these dyeing conditions it is essential to determine the thermal gradients to be applied, whose variable must be controlled to optimize the dyeing of polyester fibers and mixtures.The present study evaluates the pre-treatments and the temperature gradient behavior stage in the dyeing process of polyester fibers, taking into account the dyeing curve, in which only the temperature gradient varies. Mathis-ALT-B equipment is used for the dyeing process, for thermal gradient conditions of 135 °C with gradients of 0.3-4.0 °C/min, rotation speed 40-70 RPM, and as colorants were used Novacron, Terail and Liandisperse for cotton and polyester fibers respectively. The results show that the use of dispersants and anti-breakage agents work to prevent failures and improve the corresponding colors, but a high gradient increases the migration of the dye and breaks in the fibers, but in low gradients (2 ° C/min ) The quality of diffusion and dyeing is better and, therefore, prevents reprocessing in the dyeing stage.

scholarly journals Plasticulture: Diffusion of Plastic Materials in the Agricultural Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-734
Author(s):  
Valentina ConstanȚa Tudor ◽  
DragoȘ Ion Smedescu ◽  
Gina Fîntîneru ◽  
Alexandru Fintineru ◽  
Alina Marcuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plastic Industry

For more than half a century, the use of plastic in agriculture has given farmers opportunities for growing fruits and vegetables regardless of the season, and at the same time achieving better quality compared to open-field cultivation. The use of plastics, through various specific techniques, helps reduce the consumption of various resources such as water, energy, fertilizers or pesticides.We could say that without these plastics a significant amount of cultivated fruits and vegetables could not be harvested in early conditions and could not be preserved and conditioned in controlled parameters.Plastic is a very important material for economy but also in everyday life. The use of plastic in agriculture has increased from year to year, thus contributing to both the increase of agricultural production and the improvement of the quality of food.Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that are used for various purposes. In the plastic industry, are used raw materials, such as cellulose, coal, natural gas, salt and, of course, crude oil. Plastics are extremely versatile materials and are ideal for a wide range of applications for industry as well as for consumers.

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