scholarly journals REMOVAL OF TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF THE D-240 ENGINE WHEN USING BIOFUELS BY APPLYING THE DIESEL-RK SOFTWARE COMPLEX

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Serhii Burlaka ◽  
Oleksii Tokarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Rotation Frequency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Automatic Regulation ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Engine Industry ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Load Mode ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators

Ukraine is one of the energy-deficient countries because it covers its needs in fuel and energy resources from domestic reserves by only 53% (imports 75% of the required natural gas and 85% of crude oil and petroleum products). Dependence on oil imports is seen by most developed countries as a matter of national and energy security, and the use of petroleum products as energy sources poses a significant environmental risk. According to the analysis of the state of the world engine industry, the most effective measures to improve the design of the engine are: development and implementation of a new workflow with effective methods of mixing and combustion; development and creation of the design of the system of automatic regulation of diesel rotation. frequency to improve fuel economy And to reduce toxicity in partial load mode, some cylinders are switched off at idle. To strengthen the requirements for fuel consumption standards and the level of toxicity of exhaust gases, as well as to increase the reliability and efficiency of agricultural power engines, it is necessary to formulate measures to improve its design. The choice of a fuel should be determined by the optimal combination of environmental and economic performance of the engine. Prospects for the use of a particular fuel of plant origin are noted. If for fuels of petroleum origin the improvement of its properties is determined by special processing, then oils with the set characteristics can be received already in "field" by selection of the corresponding grades of plants, use of fertilizers, agronomic actions, etc. The problem of reducing the consumption of diesel fuel at idle and low load can be solved by excluding from its operation part of the cylinders (this method is widely used) and closing the cycle of one cylinder. A comparative analysis of the main technical and environmental performance of the D-240 diesel engine when working on traditional and alternative fuels using the computer program Diesel-RK.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Tyre Pyrolysis Oil (TPO) Blends

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
P M Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Alternate Fuels

Increasing industrialization and motorization led to a significant rise in demand of petroleum products. As these are the non-renewable resources, it will be troublesome to predict the availability of these resources in the future, resulting in uncertainty in its supply and price and is impacting growing economies like India importing 80% of the total demand of the petroleum products. Many attempts have been made by different researchers to find out alternate fuels for Internal Combustion engines. Many alternate fuels like Biodiesel, LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) and Alcohol are being used nowadays by different vehicles. In this context pyrolysis of scrap tyres can be used effectively to produce oil, thereby solving the problem of waste tyre disposal. In the present study, Experimental investigations were carried out to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled by TPO10, TPO15, and TPO20 at a crank angle 280 before TDC (Top Dead Centre) and injection pressure of 180 bar keeping the blend quality by controlling the density and viscosity of tyre pyrolysis oil within permissible limit of euro IV diesel requirement. The performance and emission results were analyzed and compared with that of diesel fuel operation. The results of investigations indicate that the brake thermal efficiency of the TPO - DF blend decreases by 4 to 8%. CO emissions are slightly higher but within permissible limit of euro IV emission standards. HC emissions are higher by about 40 to 60% at partial load whereas smoke opacity is lower by about 14% to 22% as compared to diesel fuel.

Optimum Combustion Chamber Geometry for a Compression Ignition Engine Retrofitted to Run Using Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 552-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrul Azmir Osman ◽  
Ahmad Jais Alimin ◽  
V.S. Liong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
The Impact

The use of natural gas as an alternative fuels are motivated from the impact in deteriorating quality of air and the energy shortage from petroleum products. Through retrofitting, CI engine runs on CNG, will be able to reduce the negative impact mainly on the use of petroleum products. However, this required the modification of the combustion chamber geometry by reducing the compression ratio to value that suits combustion of CNG. In this present studies, four different shapes and geometries of combustion chamber were designed and simulate using CFD package powered by Ansys workbench, where k-ε turbulence model was used to predict the flow in the combustion chamber. The results of turbulence kinetic energy, velocity vectors and streamline are presented. The enhancement of air-fuel mixing inside the engine cylinder can be observed, where the design with re-entrance and lower center projection provide better results compared to other combustion geometries designs.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic policy under the conditions of oil shocks

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 167-190
Author(s):  
Marko Klasnja
Keyword(s):  
Open Economy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Macroeconomic Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Oil Shocks ◽  
Price Instability ◽  
Monetary Order

This paper represents a non-technical and eclectic attempt at synthesizing and presenting fundamental features, challenges and conclusions of the niche of economic theory focusing on the relationship between macroeconomic policy and oil shocks. Results of more than five-decade long research and vivid practice can be summarized in the following: Relationship between an oil price shock and economic performance, most notably inflationary record, has weakened over time. This is predominantly due to the fact that macroeconomic management has become less "accommodative" of the oil price, i.e. monetary and fiscal authorities have stopped using policy instruments as a direct response the shock; Polygon for exercising macroeconomic policy during and after the oil price hikes has been consciously and considerably narrowed since the practice has shown that macroeconomic stimuli are not an adequate replacement for real adjustment; Redefining of institutional ambient, reshaping of the global monetary order, implementation of programs for energy-conservation and alternative fuels utilization, as well as a decrease in dependence on imported oil on the part of developed countries, have together resulted in oil shocks being less penetrative in the open economy; Structural changes in the world oil market, most notably diminishing strength of OPEC and the introduction of sophisticated trade instruments, have contributed to risk diversification, whereby oil price instability has been somewhat reduced.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Direct Injection C.I Engine Retrofitted with Mono-CNG System

2013 ◽  
Vol 446-447 ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrul Azmir Osman ◽  
Ahmad Jais Alimin ◽  
Mohd Yusri Ismail ◽  
Koh Wern Hui
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Smoke Opacity ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

Diesel engines are widely used in logistics and haulage as vehicular prime movers. In the mechanized and fast-moving forward world of today, the consumption of petroleum products has become an important yardstick of a country’s prosperity. This ever-increasing consumption has led the world to face the twin challenge of energy shortage and environmental deterioration. Natural gas has been one of the highly considered alternative fuels for both spark ignition (S.I) and compressed ignition (C.I.) engines. The advantages and benefits of CNG have made it the preferred choice as alternative fuel in the transportation sector. This present study focused on the effects of retrofitted direct injection C.I. engine with mono-CNG system to its performance and exhaust emissions. The engine speed was varied from 850 rpm to 2500 rpm, with load test conditions of 0Nm, 27.12Nm and 53.23Nm, using an engine dynamometer. Results indicated that CNG has the potential to provide better fuel consumption compared to diesel fuel. Meanwhile, the characteristics of exhaust gas emissions such as smoke opacity and CO2 gave promising results compared to CO, HC and NOX, for diesel combustion.

High Temperature Reactor: Driving Force to Convert CO2 to Fuel

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Jet Propulsion ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The rapidly increasing cost of petroleum products and uncertainty of long-term supply have prompted the U.S. military to aggressively pursue production of alternative fuels (synfuels) such as coal-to-liquids (CTL). U.S. Air Force is particularly active in this effort while the entire military is involved in simultaneously developing fuel specifications for alternative fuels that enable a single fuel for the entire battle space; all ground vehicles, aircraft and fuel cells. By limiting its focus on coal, tar sands and oil shale resources, the military risks violating federal law which requires the use of synfuels that have lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions less than or equal to emissions from conventional petroleum fuels. A climate-friendly option would use a high temperature nuclear reactor to split water. The hydrogen (H2) would be used in the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) to react with carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce carbon monoxide (CO) and water. The oxygen (O2) would be fed into a supercritical (SC) coal furnace. The flue gas CO2 emissions would be stripped of impurities before reacting with H2 in a RWGS process. Resultant carbon monoxide (CO) is fed, with additional H2, (extra H2 needed to adjust the stoichiometry: 2 moles H2 to one mole CO) into a conventional Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) to produce a heavy wax which is cracked and isomerized and refined to Jet Propulsion 8 (JP-8) and Jet Propulsion 5 (JP-5) fuels. The entire process offers valuable carbon-offsets and multiple products that contribute to lower synfuel costs and to comply with the federal limitation imposed on synfuel purchases. While the entire process is not commercially available, component parts are being researched; their physical and chemical properties understood and some are state-of-the-art technologies. An international consortium should complete physical, chemical and economic flow sheets to determine the feasibility of this concept that, if pursued, has broad applications to military and civilian aviation fleets and freight-hauling diesel engines.

scholarly journals Analysis of residual gases of internal combustion engines at working on biogas and their effects on the environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
T. V. Dykun ◽  
V. I. Artym ◽  
Ya. M. Demianchuk ◽  
F. V. Kozak ◽  
L. I. Haieva
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
By Products

Given the limited resources of Ukraine in petroleum fuels for internal combustion engines, the use of alternative fuels is quite relevant. One of their sources is biogas from livestock by-products and garbage dump. Ukraine has significant volumes of these renewable sources, the potential of which reaches more than 100 million tons of conventional fuel. Unfortunately, this resource is rarely used. In developed countries, biogas is widely used for electricity generation in power plants with internal combustion engines. Today in the United States the volume of biogas production is about 500 million m3 / year, in France – 40 million m3 / year. In the Czech Republic, Austria, Denmark, Finland and other countries, biogas is used as a motor fuel. Business Concerns Volvo, Scania produce buses running on biogas. In Ukraine, gas from landfills and livestock by-products is mostly released into the atmosphere or burned by flares, polluting the surrounding air. This causes additional greenhouse gas emissions. It is known that the main source of air pollution is vehicles. Exhaust, i.e. residual gases are considered toxic. The World Motor Vehicle Park annually emits up to 260 million tons of carbon monoxide, 40 million tons of volatile hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and others. The composition of the residual gases of the internal combustion en-gine depends on the component composition of the sources of fuel and, of course, on the mode of operation of the internal combustion engine In the given article the structure of residual gases of internal combustion engines at work on biogas is analyzed and their influence on environment is generalized. Based on analytical calculations, it is determined how the amount of residual gas components changes depending on the excess air ratio and the per-centage of methane in biogas. Recommendations for improving the performance of internal combustion engines on biogas by using it in mixtures with natural gas are given. According to the research results, the corresponding graphical dependences are constructed.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AND ASSESSMENT OF ITS COMPETITIVENESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
A. Kadyrbergenova ◽  
◽  
N. Ismagulova ◽  
R. Bagitova ◽  
M. Azhmagambetova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Polyester Fibers ◽  
Oil Demand ◽  
Public Production ◽  
Energy Information

The petrochemical market is a necessary element of resource supply for all sectors of the economy. The petrochemical market is a necessary element of resource supply for all sectors of the economy. In its development, petrochemicals are ahead of related industries, such as oil production and refining. Even today, the volume of sales in monetary terms significantly exceeds the volume of sales of oil or petroleum products. In the future, the global petrochemical market will continue to grow faster than the oil and petroleum products market. The annual growth of the production rate of multi-tonnage plastics is expected to reach 5% by 2023, and the production of polyester fibers-6%. At the same time, the growth rate of oil demand, according to the Energy Information Agency (USA), will be 1.7% per year, including in developed countries – about 1% per year. The petrochemical industry is characterized by rapid development of scientific and technological progress, increasing the efficiency of public production. Even today, the volume of sales in monetary terms significantly exceeds the volume of sales of oil or petroleum products. In the future, the global petrochemical market will continue to grow faster than the oil and petroleum products market. The annual growth of the production rate of multi-tonnage plastics is expected to reach 5% by 2023, and the production of polyester fibers-6%. At the same time, the growth rate of oil demand, according to the Energy Information Agency (USA), will be 1.7% per year, including in developed countries – about 1% per year. The petrochemical industry is characterized by rapid development of scientific and technological progress, increasing the efficiency of public production.

scholarly journals Research Package Efficiency General Cargo

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6880-6884 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Packaged Goods ◽  
General Cargo ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators ◽  
The Given ◽  
Special Meaning

The main reasons of the countries of the former Soviet Union lagging behind economically developed countries in the field of delivery of packaged goods is the lack of feasibility studies and specific organizational measures for the introduction of packaged transportation. Both of these circumstances acquire a special meaning and significance in the conditions of developing a market economy in the country. The purpose of the article is to show that the delivery of packaged goods is influenced by various factors, such as the size of vehicles, type of transport containers, methods of stacking cargo units on transport containers, etc., which are described in the article. The study applies economic criteria and principles of transport logistics and defines the areas of application of transport packaging for the delivery of packaged goods on the basis of specific technical and economic indicators. As a result of the study, the fields of application of transport packaging are determined to depend on the given parameters of packaging cargo. The necessity of a full feasibility study of packaged transportation is shown, as well as the costs of using transport packaging, as well as the cost of forming a transport package should be taken into account.

Hydrogen Gas in Diesel Engine Using DEE as Ignition Source

2014 ◽  
Vol 591 ◽  
pp. 150-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dhanasekaran ◽  
G. Mohankumar
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Ignition Source ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Hydrogen Flow ◽  
Carbon Based

Over the past two decades considerable effort has been taken to develop and introduce new alternate source of energy for the conventional gasoline and diesel. Environmental pollution and uncertainty in cost of petroleum products are the principal driving forces for this movement. The major pollutants from an Diesel engine system are NOx, Smoke, particulate matter, Soot. Several alternative fuels were tried but all of them are carbon based fuels, therefore net carbon based pollutants cannot be reduced. One alternative to carbon-based fuels is hydrogen. Hydrogen a non-carbon fuel only can meet zero emission vehicles standards in future. Hydrogen can be commercially used as a fuel even though it is having a number of technical and economical barriers. Numerous techniques are available for use in C.I. engine such as dual fuel made, by using spark plug, glow plug, DEE as an ignition enhancer. Hydrogen was used in a diesel engine in the dual fuel mode-using diesel as an ignition source in neat form using DEE. In neat form the DEE was introduced in the manifold. In order to have a precise control of hydrogen flow and to avoid the backfire and pre – ignition problems hydrogen was injection in to intake manifold; DEE injection follows the hydrogen injection. DEE mixed with air and flows into the combustion chamber as DEE auto ignites first followed by hydrogen combustion. A single cylinder-four stroke water-cooled naturally aspirated constant speed D.I. diesel engine with a rated output of 3.7 kW at 1500 rpm was used for the experimental purpose. Measurements were taken with respect to the performance, combustion and emission studies.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTS OF USED TIRES THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
E.V. Sklyarenko ◽  
L.Y. Vorobiov ◽  
D.A. Kirzhner ◽  
S.V. Plashykhin
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Technical Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Heat Of Combustion ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Solid Carbon ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Exhaust Gas Cleaning

Introduction. Utilization of worn tires in the world is of great economic and ecological importance for all developed countries. This is due to the fact that worn tires are a source of long-term pollution of the environment by toxic components and a causative agent of the sanitary-epidemiological situation in their places of storage. Today, the most common method for disposing of tires is to burn them to produce energy that requires special technologies and combustion plants and exhaust gas cleaning systems. In addition, the disadvantage of this method is the increased CO2 emissions. One of the promising ways to dispose of tires is the technology of full carbon recycling by means of a preliminary thermochemical conversion, the result of which is the physico-chemical transformation of the organic part of the raw material into new gaseous, liquid and solid carbon-based energy products that can be used in the industry. In order to reduce the cost of transporting worn tires to large processing enterprises, promising is developing mobile thermochemical conversion units, which can carry out the processing of tires in places where they accumulate. The main way to control the quality of the products obtained is to determine their calorific value, by calorimetric and technical analysis. The purpose of the work is to determine the thermal characteristics of samples of pyrolysis of worn tires in a mobile conversion plant and to evaluate their potential use for energy purposes. Research results. The humidity, ash content and heat of combustion of raw materials in the form of crushed rubber of worn tires and products of its pyrolysis - liquid fuel and solid carbon have been investigated. High and net heat of combustion of analytical sample, fuel in dry state and in working condition of delivery is determined using the data of experimental measurements, taking into account corrections for the formation of sulfuric and nitric acid. The value of the net heat of combustion in the state of delivery for the crushed rubber of tires, liquid and solid pyrolysis products, respectively, amounted to 30.36; 40.79; 24.37 MJ / kg. Conclusion. The conducted studies showed high energy characteristics of the studied samples, which can be used as alternative fuels. The use of pyrolysis products does not require special installations. Their combustion can be carried out in existing installations without significant reconstruction.

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