scholarly journals THE STUDYING OF DYNAMICS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF GOLDEN POTATO NEMATODES IN UKRAINE AND SEPARATE FACTORS ITS REGULATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Pavlo Verheles ◽  
Nataliia Pinchuk ◽  
Tetiana Kovalenko

In recent years, the main sowing areas of potatoes have moved from collective farms to the private sector, which makes it difficult to detect nematodes and establish their level of harmfulness in different regions of Ukraine. The cultivation of potatoes in monoculture for many years, the unpredictability of the existing seed system of regular maintenance of individual farms with healthy planting material, the lack of knowledge about the protection of plants against nematodes, contribute to the spread of globoderosis in new territories. Research strategy to protect the potato crop from nematodes should be aimed at a low-energy and environmentally friendly system based on the use of nematodes, the correct application of crop rotation crops, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers, the quality of planting material, since chemical hazards protect the environment. The outstanding issues in terms of regulating the abundance of golden potato nematodes remain the factors of the agrochemical properties of soils and their relationship with the pest size, aspects of the use of different potato precursors in terms of influencing the prevalence of the nematode, and estimating the monitoring status of its comparative numbers. The article summarizes the results of quarantine monitoring of the distribution of the golden potato nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll) in Ukraine and by region. A comparison of the pest prevalence rate over ten years of quarantine monitoring has been conducted and conclusions have been made regarding their success at the regional level. The phenological development of the pest is specified taking into account the climatological features of the Vinnitsa region. A review of the features of biology and the pest development cycle is made on the basis of which briefly described signs of potato damage in the field. On the basis of field studies, the effectiveness of the control of the potato nematode was evaluated by introducing crop rotation and selecting the appropriate alternation of different plants. The effectiveness of the use of potato varieties resistant to the nematode was assessed, and the level of their productivity against an infectious background was determined in comparison with the variety unstable to the pest. Conclusions have been made in the main areas of restricting the spread of the potato nematode in the private sector of potato cultivation in permanent crops. Key words: golden potato nematode, yield, varieties, crop rotation, prevalence.

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (90) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
A.V. Cherenkov ◽  
V.I. Chaban ◽  
O.U. Podobed

Investigated the transformation of main agrochemical properties of the Chernozem typical with prolonged systematic use of organic and mineral fertilizers in crop rotation with 100 % saturation by grain crops. It is established that a high level of productivity of arable land with simultaneous creation of conditions for preservation and reproduction of the humus status indices of availability of basic nutrients, microelement Fund and agroecological condition of soils is achieved by the application of fertilizers at a level that provides compensation for the removal of nitrogen and potassium at least 80 %, of phosphorus 120-140 %.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Людмила Федотова ◽  
Ludmila Fedotova ◽  
Наталья Аканова ◽  
Natal'y Akanova ◽  
Кирилл Косодуров ◽  
...  

The research is aimed to improve the agrochemical properties of sod-podzolic soil and increase the productivity of crop rotation with potatoes. The decrease in the mineral and organic fertilizers use in Non-Chernozem zone of Russia leads to low yields of potato tubers and worse agrochemical properties of sod-podzolic soils. Agronomical positive and ecologically safe effects of phosphogypsum on physical and chemical properties of sod-podzolic sandy soil and formation of productivity and quality of potato and spring barley was revealed. With the introduction of phosphogypsum, on average for 3 years, the soil received (kg S/ha per year): with a dose of 0.5 t/ha +35.1, with a dose of 1.0 t/ha +57.6, with a dose of 1.5 t/ha +79.8 and against a background of 3.0 t/ha +105.6, which led to an increase in the content of salpho in the soil, respectively, introduced doses of meliorant – by 9.7, 17.5, 26.5 and 32.9 mg S/kg compared to the initial level. A single application of phosphogypsum to sod-podzolic soil provided an increase in the content of labile phosphorus by 72 and 40 mg/kg against the background of doses of 1.5 and 3.0 t/ha. The As-sessment of the possible toxicity of phosphogypsum showed that the ratio of Ca/Sr in the soil is at a safe level and amounted to 97 in the control variant, against the background of doses of phosphogypsum 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 t/ha – 104-117. In total, for three years of research, the use of meliorant provided an increase in the productivity of potato – barley – potato crop rotation by 30-38 kg of grains units/ha or 19-24% in comparison with the option where only NPK fertilizers were used.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00159
Author(s):  
Elena Smirnova ◽  
Kamil Giniyatullin ◽  
Ilnas Sahabiev ◽  
Liudmila Ryzhikh

Using the example of two crop rotation fields located in the chernozem zone of the Republic of Tatarstan, the spatial variability of soils agrochemical properties was assessed in terms of the application of precision farming technologies when applying mineral fertilizers. It is shown that the use of mixed samples of polygons with an area of 5 ha as an elementary sampling site is sufficient detail for a geostatistical description of the spatial heterogeneity of the agrochemical properties of chernozem soils.


Author(s):  
В. А. Гаврилюк ◽  
О. В. Валецька

Розглянуто основні питання підвищення продук-тивності ґрунтів за рахунок застосування органічнихта органо-мінеральних добрив різного компонентно-го складу. Представлені результати польових дослі-джень та проведених лабораторно-агрохімічних ана-лізів дають підстави стверджувати, що внесенняорганічних ферментованих добрив (ОФД) у ланці сі-возміни картопля – овес – люпин жовтий позитивновпливають на поживний режим дерново-слабопідзолистого ґрунту. Виявлено, що за норми15 т/га ОФД, яка еквівалентна за вмістом азоту30 т/га гною, навіть на другий рік післядії не відбува-ється деградаційних процесів, що з агрохімічної точ-ки зору дозволяє рекомендувати її виробництву. The paper elucidates the main aspects of soil productivity increase through the use of organic and organo-mineral fertilizers of different composition. The results of field studies as well as of laboratory and agrochemical analyses below suggest that the application of organic fermented fertilizer (OFF) in the crop rotation link potato - oat - yellow lupine enhances the nutritive regime of sod-podzolic soil. We found that when applying 15 t/ha of OFF, which is equivalent to 30 t/ha of manure in terms of its nitrogen content, even during the second year of aftereffect there are no degradation processes. Thus, such fertilizer rate can be recommended for production considering the agrochemical cal perspective.  


Author(s):  
O. P. Chmel ◽  
Yu. O. Krypodereia ◽  
I. M. Bondar

The results of studies of optimization processes of nutritional regime and biological activity of soil in the highly specialized grain-potato crop rotation (potatoes – spring barley – peas – winter wheat) for the use of sideratos on sod-podzolic soils of Polissia are presented. The role of sideration in comparison with the traditional fertilizer system in crop rotation with potato crop has been analyzed. It has been found that the alternative fertilizer system – siderate + NPK is not inferior to the indicators (content of NO3, P2O5, K2O) to the traditional system during all phases of crop development. The role of green fertilizers on the balance of biogenic elements, yield and soil fertility indicators has been determined. The use of siderata in intermediate crops will protect the soil from leaching of nutrients in the autumn, as they will be directed to the formation of biomass of the siderate and will help increase yields through the gradual return of the compounds of biogenic elements due to the mineralization of the sideral mass. Agro-climatic resources of the soil-climate zone are more effectively used for the use of green fertilizers, so in modern agriculture, sideration should be considered as an important chain of energy and resource-saving technologies in agriculture. Key words:sideration, organic farming, mineral fertilizers, humus, agrocenosis, nutrients, biogenic elements.


Author(s):  
Aleksandr Glubokovskih

The results of many years of research on the cultivation of crops in fodder crop rotation on dried peat soil are presented. A productive and agroecological assessment of crop rotation with various saturation with perennial grasses is given. The data on the reduction of peat reserves and changes in the agrochemical properties of the soil are presented.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
V. Lopushniak

Aim. To establish the effect of different fertilization systems in short fi eld crop rotation on the change in the state of humus in the dark gray podzolic soils in Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies were carried out in a stationary experiment of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the L’viv National Agrarian University; determination of humus content – according to DSTU 4289:2004, and that of its labile forms – in accordance with DSTU 4732:2007, fraction-group composition – by Ponomare- va-Plotnikova’s method, according to the measurement procedure 31-497058-008-2002. Results. The use of organo-mineral fertilizer system in short fi eld crop rotation with the saturation of organic fertilizers of 15 t/ha of crop rotation contributes to the humus content increase by 0.7 % after the third rotation in 0–40 cm layer of dark gray podzolic soil, the increase in the share of stable forms of humic compounds up to 57–59 % and the increase in the ratio of R HA :R FA to 1.3–1.4. The study demonstrated very high dependence of amount of gross energy reserves in the humus on the R HA :R FA ratio. Conclusions. The combined application of organic fertili- zers in the form of manure, non-market of the crop (straw) and siderate, along with mineral fertilizers is re- commended in short fi eld crop rotations of Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine toensure expanded reproduction of fertility of dark gray podzolic soil, improvement of its humus status, increase in gross energy reserves and the share of the stable forms and humic acids in the humus.


2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарев ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина

Пахотные угодья Республики Коми в основном представлены дерново-подзолистыми почвами с низким естественным плодородием, которые без применения удобрений быстро подвергаются деградационным процессам, что резко снижает их продуктивность. Цель исследований: оценка эффективности долговременного применения органических и минеральных удобрений при выращивании картофеля в кормовом севообороте в условиях Республики Коми. Методической основой выполнения работ были комплексные исследования дерново-подзолистых почв, клубней картофеля на участках многолетнего полевого эксперимента, заложенного на землях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН в соответствии с «Методическими указаниями географической сети опытов с удобрениями». Длительный период исследований (более 40 лет) характеризовался различными климатическими условиями, которые отразились на количестве урожая и качестве клубней картофеля. Было проведено 7 ротаций (14 лет) с выращиванием картофеля. Вносили органические удобрения – торфонавозный компост (ТНК) в дозах 40 и 80 т/га (1 и 2 фон, соответственно) под картофель и минеральные удобрения – NPК в дозах 1/3; 1/2 и 1 для восполнения выноса растениями элементов питания. Установлено положительное влияние комплексного применения органических и минеральных удобрений на урожайность и качество картофеля, а также на плодородие дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой среднеокультуренной почвы в кормовом севообороте в почвенно-климатических условиях Республики Коми. В результате применения шестипольного севооборота и комплексного внесения удобрений с 1978 года к 2019 году в почвах снизилась обменная и гидролитическая кислотность; повысилось содержание гумуса на 0,5% (в контроле); на 0,2–0,5% (с тремя дозами минеральных удобрений); на 0,3–1,1% (с ТНК); на 0,2–1,6% (при совместном применении органических и минеральных удобрений). Наибольшие урожаи картофеля получены при совместном применении органических (80 т/га) и минеральных удобрений (1 NPК) и составили 37,1 т/га клубней (8,5 тыс/га кормовых единиц). При таком соотношении удобрений показано высокое качество клубней картофеля: содержание крахмала 15,5%, витамина С – 19,4 мг%, сырого протеина – 14,1%. Количество нитратного азота не превышало ПДК (ПДК 250 мг.с.м.). Экономические расчеты показали, что при внесении ТНК 40 т/га + 1 NPК в дерново-подзолистые почвы с.-х. использования в среднетаежной зоне Республики Коми при выращивании картофеля, условный чистый доход составит 68,4 тыс. р. с 1 га, себестоимость 1 т картофеля – 2,8 тыс. р., рентабельность 188,7%. The arable land of the Republic of Komi is mainly represented by dern-sub-ground soils with low natural fertility, which without the use of fertilizers are quickly subjected to degradation processes, which dramatically reduces their productivity. The aim of the research is to evaluate the efficiency of long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers in the growing of potatoes in feed crop rotation in the conditions of the Komi Republic. The methodological basis for carrying out the works was comprehensive studies of dern-subhead soils, potato tubers on the sites of a multi-year field experiment laid on the lands of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the FRC Komi SC UB RAS in accordance with the «Methodological Instructions of the Geographical Network of Experiments with Fertilizers». A long period of research (more than 40 years) was characterized by different climatic conditions, which affected the number of crops and the quality of potato tubers. There were 7 rotations (14 years) with potato cultivation. Organic fertilizers – peat-avous compost (TNK) in doses of 40 and 80 t/ha (1 and 2 background, respectively) for potatoes and mineral fertilizers – NPK in doses of 1/3; 1/2 and 1 to replenish the carry-out of food elements by plants. The positive effect of the integrated use of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of potatoes, as well as on the fertility of soddy-podzolic light loamy medium cultivated soil in fodder crop rotation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic, has been established. As a result of the use of six-bed crop rotation and the integrated application of fertilizers, metabolic and hydrolytic acidity decreased in soils from 1978 to 2019; humus content increased by 0.5% (in control); 0.2–0.5% (with three doses of mineral fertilizers); 0.3–1.1% (with TNCs); 0.2–1.6% (with combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers). The largest potato yields were obtained from the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha tubers (8.5 thousand/ha feed units). The largest potato harvests were obtained with the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha of tubers (8.5 thousand/ha of feed units). With this ratio of fertilizers, the high quality of potato tubers was also determined: the starch content was 15.5%, vitamin C – 19.4 mg%, crude protein – 14.1%. The amount of nitrate nitrogen did not exceed the MPC (MPC 250 mg.s.m.). Economic calculations showed that if TNK is added 40 t/ha 1 NPK to the dern-sub-ground soils of agricultural use in the medium-sized zone of the Komi Republic when growing potatoes, the conditional net income will be 68.4 thousand rubles from 1 ha, the cost of 1 t of potatoes – 2.8 thousand rubles, profitability 188.7%.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
M.S. Korniychuk ◽  
N.V. Tkachenko

The expediency of fusarium resistant lupines usage in organic farming for improving soil fertility and producing high protein feed for livestock is justified in this article. Organic production excludes the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. In these circumstances, increases the value of cultures that positively affect the fertility of soils and their phytosanitary status. These crops include annual fodder lupine (yellow, white and angustifolia), especially varieties that are resistant to disease. Having the highest nitrogen-fixing ability among annual legume crops, lupins, depending on the type and conditions of cultivation, can accumulate from 80 to 300 kg/ha of environmentally pure symbiotic nitrogen in biomass. Plowing the green mass (30-45 t/ha) is equivalent to the corresponding amount of manure or introduction of 5-7 t/ha of ammonium nitrate. 30 kg/ha of phosphorus and 50 kg/ha of potassium are entering the soil with plant remains. Therefore, lupine provides itself with nutrients and still leaves up to 150 kg/ha of nitrogen in the soil after harvesting for subsequent crops in crop rotation. In organic production, fusariosis resistant varieties of lupines are also interesting as a source of high protein feeds for livestock. They are building up to 60 t/ha of biomass, which contains more than one ton of digestible protein. In grain of the fodder varieties contains 40-52% of crude protein, 5.5-6.0% of fat, 10-12% of sugar. The characteristic of fusarium resistant varieties of lupins (yellow, white and angustifolia), created in the NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" and included in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine is presented in this article. These varieties are practically not affected by fusariosis under the production conditions and do not require the use of fungicides during the growing season. They can be grown in crop rotation with a return period of 2-3 years, whereas for unstable it took 6-7 years. Because of the inability to use in organic farming fungicide to prevent crop losses from anthracnose, it is necessary to use predominantly angustifolia lupine varieties, which are now more tolerant to this disease, prevent sowing of infected seeds and adhere to crop rotation. Fusarium-resistant varieties of lupins are suitable for cultivation in poucous and sown crops, and in mixtures with other crops.


Author(s):  
H.M. Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
I.V. Prokopchuk ◽  
K. P. Leonova ◽  
V.P. Boyko

The productivity of agricultural crops is the most variable and integral indicator of their vital activity, which accumulates their genetic potential, soil fertility, weather conditions and components of agricultural technology. Soybean under optimal growing conditions (the reaction of the soil is close to neutral, sufficient phosphorus and potassium nutrition, the use of nitraginization) assimilates from the air about 70 % of the total nitrogen requirement. Therefore, it is believed that it is enough to apply only a starting dose of nitrogen fertilizers (20–40 kg/ha a. s.), to get a high yield with good indicators of grain quality. The results of studies of the influence of long-term (8 years) application of different doses and ratios of fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolized chernozem in the conditions of the Right -Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the yield and quality of soybean seeds preceded by spring barley were presented. It was found that crop yields could be increased by 18–77 % owing to different doses, ratios and types of fertilizers. The highest indicators of seed yields for three years of the research (3,02 t/ha) were obtained under the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N110P60K80 per 1 ha of crop rotation area, including under soybean – N60P60K60. Exclusion of the nitrogen component from the complete fertilizer (N60P60K60) reduced its yield by 26 %, phosphorus – by 17, and potassium by 11 %. There was no significant decrease in soybean yield in the variant of the experiment with a decrease in the proportion of potassium in the composition of complete mineral fertilizer (N60P60K30) for three years of study. The largest mass of 1000 soybean seeds was formed at doses of N60К60 fertilizers, and their protein content — under the application of complete mineral fertilizer in doses of N60P60K60 and N60P60K30.


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