Indoor Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and Comfort Parameters in a University Building

This study aims to determine the particulate matter (PM2.5) mass concentrations and the comfort parameters (total bacterial counts (TBC), total fungal counts (TFC), relative humidity and temperature) in a university building. The samplings were carried out in three different indoor areas, including lecture hall, laboratory and lecturer office. PM2.5 samples were collected over a period of 8 h sampling using a low volume sampler (LVS). The anemometer Model Kestrel 0855YEL was used to measure relative humidity and temperature parameters. The sampling of airborne microorganisms was conducted by using microbial sampler at 350 L air sampled volume. The results showed that the highest average of PM2.5 was at lecture hall (88.54 ± 26.21 µgm-3) followed by lecturer office (69.79 ± 19.06 µgm-3) and laboratory (47.92 ± 24.88 µgm-3). The mean of TBC and TFC readings recorded as follow; 32.71 ± 5.91 cfu m-3 and 76.71 ± 21.5 cfu m-3 for laboratory, 112.1 ± 29.06 cfu m-3 and 124.67 ± 23.35 cfu m-3 for lecturer office, 121.74 ± 19.33 cfu m-3 and 115.33 ± 8.08 cfu m-3 for lecture hall. The average of all comfort parameter was within the prescribed standard by Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality 2010 for all sampling sites. Therefore, all occupants of the building can work in a conducive and comfortable environment. This study is in line with the objectives of National Policy on the Environment (DASN), which focusing on achieving a clean, safe, healthy and productive environment for present and future generations.

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Interrelationship of Indoor particulate matter and Respiratory dust deposition of women in the residence of Dhanbad City, India

10.21203/rs.3.rs-446710/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

SHRAVAN KUMAR ◽

Manish Kumar Jain

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Health Risks ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Fine Particles ◽

Dust Deposition ◽

Respiratory Problems ◽

Indoor Particulate Matter ◽

Indoor Air Pollutants ◽

Indoor Conditions

Abstract Women spend relatively more time in indoor conditions in developing countries. Exposure to various indoor air pollutants leads them to higher health risks according to Household air quality in which they reside. Particulate matter (PM) exposure with their exposure duration inside the household plays a significant role in women's Respiratory problems. We measured size segregated particulate matter concentrations in 63 residences at different locations. Respiratory dust depositions (RDDs) for 118 women in their different respiratory regions like head-airway (HD), tracheobronchial (TB), and alveolar (AL) region for the three PM size fractions (PM10, PM2.5 & PM1) were investigated. For different positions like Light exercise and the Sitting condition, RDD values found for AL region was 0.091 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.067, 0.012–0.408) and 0.028 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.021, 0.003–0.126) for PM10, 0.325 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.254, 0.053–1.521) and 0.183 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.143, 0.031–0.857) for PM2.5, 0.257 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.197, 0.043–1.04) and 0.057 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.044, 0.009–0.233) respectively for PM1 to females. RDDs values in the AL region significantly increases as PM10 (11%), PM2.5 (68%), and PM1 (21%), confirm that for women, the AL region is the most prominent affected zone by fine particles (PM2.5).

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Measuring of Outdoor and Indoor Particulate Matter Concentrations in Village of Jasov

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.244.182 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 244 ◽

pp. 182-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Silvia Vilcekova ◽

Judita Kubinova ◽

Eva Kridlova Burdova

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Combustion Products ◽

Particulate Matters ◽

Atmospheric Reactions ◽

Air Contamination ◽

Indoor Sources ◽

Indoor Particulate Matter ◽

Stationary Sources

Increase in particulate matter air contamination and its negative impact on human health have resulted in efforts to monitor and identify the sources. Particles are produced by photochemical atmospheric reactions and the coagulation of combustion products from automobiles and stationary sources, with lifetimes of several days or more. The occurrence of particulate matters indoors depends on outdoor pollution and its transport indoors as well as on the presence of indoor sources. This paper aims to carry out a measuring of particular matters concentrations in indoor air of selected buildings and in outdoor air in village of Jasov. The mass concentrations of particulate matters for fractions of 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 micrometers were measured and evaluated in order to determine the extent of exposure of people.

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Indoor Particulate Matter in Different Residential Areas of Alexandria City, Egypt

Indoor and Built Environment ◽

10.1177/1420326x11422262 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 857-862 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mahmoud M. M. Abdel-Salam

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Indoor Sources ◽

Suspended Particulate ◽

Alexandria City ◽

The Mean ◽

Indoor Particulate Matter ◽

Indoor Air Pollutants ◽

The City

Particulate matter is one of the most important indoor air pollutants that could cause a number of adverse health effects. Quantification of total suspended particulate matter (TSP) in homes in the city of Alexandria was carried out. In the present study, 15 of the 21 homes showed a higher average indoor TSP concentration than the outdoor sample, and the median indoor/outdoor ratio was 1.08. Moreover, the outdoor and the mean indoor TSP concentrations were found to correlate significantly. Concentrations of indoor particulate matter were found to be influenced by indoor sources and human activities as well as outdoor particles.

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Particulate Matter Removal of Three Woody Plant Species, Ardisia crenata, Ardisia japonica, and Maesa japonica

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su131911017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 11017

Author(s):

Kei-Jung Kwon ◽

Hyuk-Joon Kwon ◽

Yun-Ah Oh ◽

Soo-Young Kim ◽

Bong-Ju Park

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Woody Plant ◽

Dust Exposure ◽

Direct Absorption ◽

Fine Dust ◽

Normal Range ◽

Stomatal Size ◽

Rate Of Photosynthesis

In this study, we investigated the physiological responses and particulate matter (PM) abatement and adsorption of three plants: Ardisia crenata, Ardisia japonica, and Maesa japonica, to determine their effectiveness as indoor air purification. When compared to control (without plants), PM was significantly and rapidly decreased by all three plants. The reduction in PM varied by species, with A. crenata being the most effective, followed closely by A. japonica, and finally M. japonica. M. japonica showed the highest rate of photosynthesis and transpiration, generating the greatest decrease in CO2 and a large increase in relative humidity. We hypothesize that the increased relative humidity in the chamber acted in a manner similar to a chemical flocculant, increasing the weight of PM via combination with airborne water particles and the creation of larger PM aggregates, resulting in a faster sedimentation rate. A. crenata had a stomatal size of ~20 μm or larger, suggesting that the PM reduction observed in this species was the result of direct absorption. In the continuous fine dust exposure experiments, chlorophyll fluorescence values of all three species were in the normal range. In conclusion, all three species were found to be suitable indoor landscaping plants, effective at reducing indoor PM.

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Describing fluctuating indoor aerosol dust measurements with application to house dust mite allergens

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-73839-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

F. E. van Boven ◽

N. W. de Jong ◽

M. G. L. C. Loomans ◽

G. J. Braunstahl ◽

R. Gerth van Wijk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Linear Model ◽

House Dust ◽

House Dust Mite ◽

Linear Models ◽

Airborne Dust ◽

Dust Mite ◽

Non Linear ◽

The Mean ◽

Indoor Particulate Matter

Abstract Measuring house dust mite aeroallergen concentrations is essential in understanding mite allergen exposure. Physically, the aerolized house dust mite faeces are part of indoor particulate matter. We studied the statistical ways of summarizing measurements of fluctuating mite aeroallergen exposure inside homes through indoor particulate matter. To study emissions from beddings, we measured the time-related airborne dust concentration after shaking a duvet. Analysis was performed both by a method based on the estimated mean and by a non-linear model. Twenty-eight studies reported a sum of concentrations; only one also reported the peak. In our four experiments on shaking a duvet (245 to 275 measurements each), the peak value was two to four times higher than the mean. The mean-based and non-linear models both predicted the sum of concentrations exactly. A 1% upper prediction bound and the non-linear model predicted the peak emission rate moderately well (64 to 92%, and 63 to 93%, respectively). Mean levels of indoor particulate matter measurements differ substantially from peak concentrations. The use of the mean is only sufficient to predict the sum of concentrations. We suggest that, mite aeroallergen measurements should include information on the peak as well as the mean.

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The Effects of Outdoor Source on Pollution Characteristics and Dynamic Changes of Particulate Matter in an Office

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2018/4765406 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guozhong Zheng ◽

Yuzhen Lu ◽

Yajing Wang ◽

Zhengzheng Zhao ◽

Ke Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Mass Concentration ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Maximum Increase ◽

Pollution Characteristics ◽

Indoor Particulate Matter ◽

Outdoor Pm10

The indoor air quality has a direct impact on human health. Particulate matter is one of the important factors affecting the indoor air quality. The paper selects an office as the study object and studies the pollution characteristics and dynamic changes of indoor particulate matter in different outdoor pollution levels. The mass concentration of outdoor PM10 is used as the evaluation basis of the outdoor pollution level. The outdoor PM10 concentration levels are divided into the range of 200–300, 300–400, 400–500, 500–600, 600–700 μg·m−3, individually. Firstly, the change characteristics of the mass concentration and the number concentration of the particulate matter in the five outdoor conditions are analyzed. Secondly, the maximum increase values and the maximum increase rates of the mass concentrations of different particle sizes in the five conditions are compared. Then, the penetration factors of the particulates in different sizes are compared among the five conditions. Finally, the correlation between indoor particulate matter and outdoor particulate matter is studied. The study results show that the effect of outdoor infiltration has a great influence on the indoor PM1 mass concentration, and the penetrating factors of the particulate matter between 0.3 μm and 0.5 μm are higher than 0.6; their permeability is the most obvious.

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Background concentration of indoor air quality in hostel rooms during varying conditions

Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) ◽

10.47253/jtrss.v6i2.571 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 100-108

Author(s):

Norrimi Rosaida Awang ◽

Amzar Shahir Ridzuan ◽

Mohamad Haris Zainol

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Background Concentration ◽

Traffic Emission ◽

Indoor Pollutants ◽

Code Of Practice ◽

Minute Interval ◽

Indoor Air Pollutants

The indoor air pollutants in student hostel room during eight different conditions were evaluated.One minute interval of TVOC, CO2, CO, O3 concentrations, temperature and relative humidity weremeasured inside a vacant hostel room of Universiti Sains Malaysia. Four fan speeds of 0, 1, 3 and5 and the installed window being open and close were selected as the basis to determine thecondition inside the hostel room. Result suggested that the concentrations of indoor air pollutantswere below the maximum permissible values outlined by Industrial Code of Practice on Indoor AirPollutants except for O3, with maximum concentration are 576 ppb (TVOC), 666 ppm (CO2), 4.4ppm (CO) and 90 ppb (O3). The hourly trend of TVOC and CO2 concentrations with peakconcentrations were observed in the morning (8 a.m.) due to outdoor traffic emission which greatlyinfluenced the indoor pollutants variation. Meanwhile, O3 showed some delay in time to reach peakconcentrations that were observed at 4 p.m. and 5 p.m. Result indicate that the conditions set upwere incapable in the regulation of indoor pollutants variation since these pollutants are moredependent with the source of emission and destruction factors.

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Retrofitting existing buildings to control indoor PM2.5 concentration on smog days: Initial experience of residential buildings in China

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology ◽

10.1177/0143624417728187 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 263-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yiyi Chu ◽

Peng Xu ◽

Zhiwei Yang ◽

Weilin Li

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Control Method ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Residential Building ◽

Existing Buildings ◽

Indoor Particulate Matter ◽

Particulate Matter 2.5

Severe smog days in many parts of developing countries, such as China and India, have drawn worldwide attention. This study aims at integrating various building retrofitting methods of existing buildings to control indoor particulate matter 2.5 concentrations. Methods are such as airtightness improvement, room pressure control, recycling air filtration and combinations of the above. The study verifies the effectiveness of each control method to reduce the indoor particulate matter 2.5 concentration below 25 µg/m3 under certain outdoor conditions in building. Measurements and modelling are conducted for different outdoor particle concentration scenarios under different control strategies at an apartment in Shanghai, China. Overall, the retrofitting methods depend on outdoor smog circumstances and building structures. Therefore, it would be wise to choose appropriate control method depending on outdoor particulate matter 2.5 concentrations. This is the first time that various existing residential building retrofitting strategies are integrated jointly and the combination of different control methods are tested to ensure indoor air quality under different outdoor conditions. To validate the generality of these control strategies, a simulation model is developed and calibrated against experimental data under different scenarios. The variation of the indoor particulate matter 2.5 concentration in an extremely bad day is simulated and the influencing factors including infiltration air change rate, air volume and filter efficiency are all analyzed according to the model. The results and conclusions of this study can be used in many parts of the worlds, when building occupants have to choose proper equipment or retrofitting methods to control their indoor air quality. Practical application: The building retrofitting methods introduced in this article could be used in any residential building to control indoor particulate matter 2.5 concentrations continuously below 25 µg/m3 under different outdoor conditions.

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Concentrations of Aerosol Numbers and Airborne Bacteria, and Temperature and Relative Humidity, and Their Interrelationships in a Tie-Stall Dairy Barn

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9121023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1023 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Md. Aminul Islam ◽

Atsuo Ikeguchi ◽

Takanori Naide

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Aerobic Bacteria ◽

Airborne Bacteria ◽

E Coli ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Fine Aerosol ◽

The Mean ◽

Coarse Aerosol ◽

Environmental Temperatures

Aerosol particles and airborne microorganisms are crucial factors of indoor air quality. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interrelationships among aerosol numbers, various types of airborne bacteria, temperature, and relative humidity (RH) to decide which parameters have more significant relationships among them. The concentrations of aerosol numbers, airborne total aerobic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the indoor air, as well as indoor and outdoor temperatures and RH, were assessed each week for a total of 20 days in a tie-stall dairy barn during the summer season in Tochigi, Japan. The mean concentrations of the fine aerosol numbers (0.3–2.0 µm) were greater than the mean concentrations of coarse aerosol numbers (5.0–10.0 µm). Among the airborne total aerobic bacteria, the mean concentration of airborne S. aureus was higher compared with airborne E. coli. More significant positive associations were found between outdoor environmental temperatures and aerosol numbers rather than indoor temperatures and aerosol numbers. All three types of airborne bacteria were associated with both outdoor and indoor environmental temperatures. These findings are crucial in the mitigation of aerosol numbers and airborne bacteria in the indoor air of dairy barns.

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How Do Combustion and Non-Combustion Products Used Outdoors Affect Outdoor and Indoor Particulate Matter Levels? A Field Evaluation Near the Entrance of an Italian University Library

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17145200 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (14) ◽

pp. 5200

Author(s):

Vittoria Cammalleri ◽

Daniela Marotta ◽

Carmela Protano ◽

Matteo Vitali ◽

Paolo Villari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Combustion Products ◽

Smoking Ban ◽

University Library ◽

Pollution Indicator ◽

Indoor Particulate Matter

Particulate Matter (PM) is a well-known health risk factor and pollutes both outdoor and indoor air. Using PM as an air pollution indicator, the aims were to assess outdoor and indoor air pollution due to combustion and/or non-combustion products used outdoors and to compare the PM levels emitted by different products. PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10, 4, 2.5 and 1 µm (PM10, PM4, PM2.5, PM1) was simultaneously measured in two areas, respectively, indoors (with smoking ban) and outdoors (where people commonly smoke) of a university library during the morning and the afternoon of two weekdays. Both combustion and non-combustion products determined a relevant worsening of outdoor air quality, with the highest PM1 levels achieved when a single traditional cigarette (9920 µg m−3), a single e-cigarette (9810 µg m−3) and three simultaneous traditional cigarettes (8700 µg m−3) were smoked. An increase of indoor PM1 levels was found during outdoor smoking/vaping sessions, persisting also after the end of sessions. The results highlighted the need for a revision of smoke-free laws, especially for outdoor areas, to include non-combustion products. In addition, it is essential to make society aware of the dangers of smoking outdoors by implementing health promotion interventions.

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