The Role of Fathers with First Child Born to a Premature Infan

SummaryPersistent low fertility rates are an increasing concern for countries with low fertility like Iran. Informed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour, this study examined the immediate factors influencing fertility intentions, using data from the 2012 Tehran Survey of Fertility Intentions. The findings show that more than half of young married adults in Tehran intend to have no more children. The multivariate analysis results indicate that individuals who view childbearing as being detrimental to their personal life, feel less normative pressure to have a/another child, and believe their childbearing decision is not contingent on the presence of economic resources required for childbearing, are more likely to want no (more) children or to be unsure rather than to want a/another child. Attitudes and normative pressure are dominant factors influencing the intention to have a first child, while the intention to have a second child is mainly affected by attitudes and perceived constraints. The policy implications of the results are discussed.

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Child Penalties across Countries: Evidence and Explanations

AEA Papers and Proceedings ◽

10.1257/pandp.20191078 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 109 ◽

pp. 122-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Henrik Kleven ◽

Camille Landais ◽

Johanna Posch ◽

Andreas Steinhauer ◽

Josef Zweimüller

Keyword(s):

Potential Role ◽

Parental Leave ◽

Gender Norms ◽

Event Studies ◽

Family Policies ◽

First Child ◽

And Gender

This paper provides evidence on child penalties in female and male earnings in different countries. The estimates are based on event studies around the birth of the first child, using the specification proposed by Kleven et al. (2018). The analysis reveals some striking similarities in the qualitative effects of children across countries, but also sharp differences in the magnitude of the effects. We discuss the potential role of family policies (parental leave and childcare provision) and gender norms in explaining the observed differences.

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Comparison of adoptees’ and nonadoptees’ experience of parenthood and mediating role of dyadic coping

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships ◽

10.1177/0265407520962578 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 026540752096257

Author(s):

Johanna Despax ◽

Evelyne Bouteyre ◽

Théo Guiller

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Parental Stress ◽

Dyadic Coping ◽

Psychological Characteristics ◽

Adopted Children ◽

Adult Adoptees ◽

Adoption Studies ◽

Mediating Role ◽

First Child

As most adoption studies have focused on adopted children and their vulnerability, with scant research on adult adoptees’ outcomes, the aim of the present study was to compare adult adoptees and nonadoptees on their experiences as parents and to explore more deeply the question of the role among adoptees of the conjugal relationship in the context of parenthood. A total of 268 adoptees matched one to one with 268 nonadoptees responded to several standardized scales (attachment, mental health, resilience, motivations for parenthood, parental stress, dyadic coping, and coparenting). The groups did not differ on the experience of parenthood, thus contradicting most previous studies. They did, however, differ on attachment, mental health and dyadic coping, with adoptees achieving lower scores. Only in the case of adoptees was dyadic coping found to have a mediating role on the relations between psychological characteristics and parental stress. Thanks to our efforts to make our samples as representative as possible, this study sheds new light on adoptees’ experience of parenthood, especially after the birth of their first child. Moreover, it presents adoptees from the perspective of resilience and offers new insights into their functioning as parents. It opens up both theoretical and clinical perspectives.

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Developmental Pathways Towards Crime Prevention: Early Intervention Models

International Journal of Child Youth and Family Studies ◽

10.18357/ijcyfs122010670 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Mike C Boyes ◽

Joseph P Hornick ◽

Nancy Ogden

Keyword(s):

Early Intervention ◽

Crime Prevention ◽

Prince Edward Island ◽

Developmental Model ◽

Developmental Pathways ◽

Intervention Models ◽

First Child ◽

Childhood Intervention ◽

Past Theory

In examining the role of early intervention in children’s social development, the authors discuss the results of five broad-based intervention programs based on the Healthy Families model originated in the State of Hawaii. These programs were directed toward families at moderate levels of risk when dealing with the arrival their first child and were situated in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Whitehorse, Yukon, and at three sites in Edmonton, Alberta. The authors state that their experiences with this project have led them to question a number of traditional assumptions regarding past theory and research in this area as it pertains to crime prevention. More specifically, they discuss how the developmental model helped to identify the various developmental pathways of positive change that were being demonstrated by families in the Healthy Families Program sites. They agree with other researchers that early childhood intervention is viewed most appropriately as an individualized strategy and not as a developmental panacea.

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THE PEDIATRICIAN AND THE INDIVIDUAL DELINQUENT

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.26.1.126 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 126-131

Author(s):

Julius B. Richmond

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Delinquency ◽

Left Behind ◽

Child Guidance ◽

First Child ◽

Current Concern ◽

Per Se ◽

The Individual ◽

Single Formula ◽

Diagnostic Skill

The Current Concern over juvenile delinquency has brought this problem more forcefully to the attention of physicians. It becomes important, therefore, in a period when people are charging off in all directions in search of a panacea for the prevention of juvenile delinquency, for us to remain aware of the fact that juvenile delinquency is a symptom and not a diagnosis. Just as headache and abdominal pain are symptoms which challenge the diagnostic skill of the physician, so juvenile delinquency is a symptom which is similarly challenging. The symptom per se never tells us the cause; the cause becomes a matter for further investigation. Those who seek a single formula for the prevention of all delinquency are destined to experience nothing but frustration. We should recall that some very good minds have struggled with this problem over many years. In this field, as in all others, those who are ignorant of history are destined to repeat it. A brief historical note is in order to indicate that the role of physicians in programs concerned with the prevention and treatment of the delinquent is not a new one. A Chicago physician, Dr. William Healy, in 1909 organized the first child guidance clinic in the world in an effort to deal with children brought to the attention of the court because of their antisocial behavior. The establishment of this clinic under medical auspices served as a stimulus for the development of child psychiatry as a discipline. Dr. Healy left behind him in Chicago the Institute for Juvenile Research which has carried on work in the field of delinquency for 50 years; he then went on to found the Judge Baker Clinic in Boston.

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Couples talk about breastfeeding: Interviews with parents about decision-making, challenges, and the role of fathers and professional support

Health Psychology Open ◽

10.1177/20551029211029158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 205510292110291

Author(s):

Erin J Henshaw ◽

Maria Mayer ◽

Sarina Balraj ◽

Elsie Parmar ◽

Kristine Durkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Decision Making ◽

The United States ◽

Professional Support ◽

Theory Approach ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

First Child ◽

Breastfeeding Rates ◽

Grounded Theory Approach

Despite health benefits, sustained breastfeeding rates remain low in the United States, and the role of partners in breastfeeding is not well understood. Using a grounded theory approach, the current qualitative study explored how couples communicate regarding breastfeeding decisions and challenges. Mother-father dyads ( n = 16) completed individual semi-structured interviews 1 year after the birth of their first child. Following iterative qualitative analysis, three phases of breastfeeding communication emerged: Should we try this? ( Mother’s opinion counts) How do we make this work? (adjusting and problem-solving) and How do we settle into a routine? (gaining confidence, resolving issues) Findings underscore the complexity of defining the partner role in breastfeeding.

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The Role of Children in Building Parents’ Social Networks

Social Economics ◽

10.7551/mitpress/9780262035651.003.0013 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Odelia Heizler ◽

Ayal Kimhi

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Age Gap ◽

First Child ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Males And Females ◽

Parents Involvement ◽

Demographic Attributes ◽

Positive Effect

This paper analyzes the effect of children on the parent's social networks using Israeli Social Survey data for 2002-2006. Additional demographic attributes of the household, such as the age gap between the oldest and youngest child and the age of the youngest child are also examined. We found that the first child decreases social networking of both males and females. The number of children has a U-shaped effect on parents' involvement in social networks, with substantial differences between fathers and mothers. The negative effect is dominant on the mothers’ involvement in social networks, while the positive effect is dominant on the father's involvement in social networks. The age gap between children has a positive effect on both parents’ involvement in social networks, while the age of the youngest child has a positive effect only on the father's involvement in social networks.

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Work and knowledge of mother readiness in exclusive breastfeeding

International Research Journal of Management IT and Social Sciences ◽

10.21744/irjmis.v5n4.274 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 91-97

Author(s):

Sri Mulyani

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Moderator Effect ◽

Breastfeeding Knowledge ◽

First Child ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Pregnant Mothers

Knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding has been proven, through previous studies, as one of the factors that affect the readiness of pregnant mothers in exclusive breastfeeding. It is also widely reported about the job or profession mothers (especially those done outside the home) as factors inhibiting the implementation of exclusive breastfeeding. This study aims to examine the role of the moderator job as the relationship between knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding with maternal readiness in exclusive breastfeeding. Cross-sectional study performed on pregnant women with first child, a sample of 139 respondents was taken to the criteria does not work (housewives) or working outdoors. Enclosed questionnaire was used to measure the knowledge and readiness of mothers in exclusive breastfeeding. The data analysis technique used is the linear regression model. The results showed that the significant effect of knowledge on the readiness of pregnant women at work (R = 0.412; p = 0.002) but not significant in pregnant women who do not work (R = 0.187; p = 0.086). It can be concluded that the work has a role as moderator effect of exclusive breastfeeding knowledge about the readiness of pregnant mothers in exclusive breastfeeding.

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Challenges of Parents with Two Intellectually Disabled Children

Artha - Journal of Social Sciences ◽

10.12724/ajss.45.4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 59-76

Author(s):

Francina P X ◽

Tintu N S ◽

Venishya Ivan

Keyword(s):

Structured Interview ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Disabled Children ◽

Intellectually Disabled ◽

First Child ◽

The Family ◽

Interview Guide ◽

Multiple Levels

This study was conducted to assess the psycho-social problems faced by parents with more than one intellectually disabled child in Mangalapuram Panchayath of Trivandrum District, Kerala. The psycho-social elements considered for this qualitative study includes emotional adaptability of parents, the role of support systems and the precautions taken by the family after the birth of the first child. Data were collected from 5 cases selected from the 15 cases identified in Mangalapuram panchayath. The cases were purposively selected from parents having minimum two disabled children. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide as a tool. The difficulty faced by the families with two disabled children reveals multiple levels of stress when compared to families with typically developing children. Such families face problems ranging from financial aspects to the physical, psychological and social aspects, which in turn affect their quality of life.

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The Mother–Offspring Conflict: The Association Between Maternal Sleep, Postpartum Depression, and Interbirth Interval Length

Evolutionary Psychology ◽

10.1177/14747049211046162 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 147470492110461

Author(s):

Annika Gunst ◽

Elin Sjöström ◽

My Sundén ◽

Jan Antfolk

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Sleep Disturbance ◽

Interval Length ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Unexpected Result ◽

Initial Attempt ◽

Maternal Sleep ◽

First Child ◽

Night Waking

To test the hypothesis that infant night waking is an adaptation to increase interbirth intervals (IBIs) (i.e., the time between a mother’s consecutive births) by exhausting the mother, we made an initial attempt at investigating whether maternal sleep disturbance is associated with longer IBIs. We also explored whether postpartum depression symptoms mediated the association between maternal sleep disturbance and IBI length. We used retrospective self-reports from 729 mothers living in Finland. We conducted structural regressions separately for the mother’s two first children at two different age intervals (0–1 and 1–3 years). Infant night waking was associated with maternal sleep disturbance (β = .78–.84) and maternal sleep disturbance was associated with postpartum depression symptoms (β = .69–.81). Postpartum depression symptoms were also associated with longer IBIs for the first child (β = .23–.28). This result supports the notion that postpartum depression in and of itself could be viewed as adaptive for the offspring’s fitness, and not just as an unintentional byproduct of the mother’s sleep disturbance. Contrary to our prediction, maternal sleep disturbance was, however, associated with shorter IBIs for the first child (β = −.22 to −.30) when including postpartum depression symptoms in the model. We discuss the potential role of social support as an explanation for this unexpected result.

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