THE IMPACT OF REMITTANCES FROM ABROAD ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN TAJIKISTAN

The relevance of this article is due to the importance of labor migration and remittances from migrant workers for the economy of Tajikistan. The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of remittances on living standards in Tajikistan at both the national and local levels. It is known that labor migration has become a significant socio-economic phenomenon for the country and society, involving a large part of Tajikistan’s population. Using statistical and sociological research methods, the authors show the key trends and the scale of labor emigration from Tajikistan in 1990-2020, as well as the socio-demographic structure of migrant worker flows from Tajikistan to the Russian Federation and other countries, with identification of a new trend towards a reorientation of migration flows to OECD countries. It has been established that migrant remittances have a positive impact on GDP growth, helping to open small businesses, develop entrepreneurship, create new jobs in the private sector, and boost construction. Remittances stimulate additional consumption: migrant workers’ households have more opportunities to meet their basic needs for food, consumer goods and durables, education, etc. The negative impact of remittances is that they actually help to meet only current needs, while the creation of new, high-technology jobs is slow and insufficient, lagging behind population growth. The country thus becomes hostage to external market conditions: the demand for foreign labor and crisis phenomena in the receiving countries.

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The Reposition of Women’s Role in Migrant Worker’s Families in Karawang

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20187311008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 11008

Author(s):

Mulyana Slamet ◽

El Karimah Kismiyati ◽

Octavianti Meria

Keyword(s):

Migrant Workers ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Migrant Worker ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Domestic Sphere ◽

The Subject ◽

Women's Role ◽

Alternative Choice ◽

Work Abroad ◽

Female Migrant

Being a migrant worker is an alternative choice for many Karawang people to get out of the economic hardship. The decision of many women to be a migrant worker indicates the reposition of their role from reproduction to production. However, this creates internal problems, as well as deeply affects their domestic functions and roles, in their families. This research aimed to describe the reposition of women’s role in migrant workers’ families related to their decision to work abroad. Case study was the method used to provide a complete and in-depth view on the subject under study. The subject was multi-sources with ten key informants of female migrant workers from Tempuran District in Karawang Regency. Data were collected through in-depth interview, observation, and library study. The result shows that the reposition of female migrant workers’ role in Karawang is from domestic sphere (as housewives) to public sphere (as breadwinner). It occurs because of family economic pressure, which eventually resolved by working abroad. Although it has a positive impact on the fulfillment of family economic needs, it has a negative impact on psychological and social aspects of abandoned husbands and children.

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HOUSING FOR MIGRANT WORKERS IN EU COUNTRIES

INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS IN MODERN SCIENCE ◽

10.26886/2414-634x.3(39)2020.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (39) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Igor Hnes ◽

Volodymyr Babyak ◽

Uliana Sokolyk

Keyword(s):

Migrant Workers ◽

Labor Migration ◽

Migrant Worker ◽

Rental Housing ◽

Great Influence ◽

Living Standards ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Leading Role ◽

The Subject ◽

The Impact

In the process of state development, migrant has a great influence on public life and socio-economic relations. In the system of migration processes the leading role is played by labor migration, which is realized in the form of labor migration. The object of the study is housing for migrant workers. The subject of the study is the impact of labor migration on the living standards of workers. The main goal is to summarize where and how many Ukrainian migrant go and identify the three most popular countries, to find out where Ukrainian workers live better, and why do they their homeland?Key words: migrant worker, dwelling, housing for migrants, city workers, rental housing.

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THE PHENOMENON OF CYBER CRIMES WHICH IMPACT CHILDREN AS VICTIMS IN INDONESIA

Yuridika ◽

10.20473/ydk.v33i2.7536 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 212 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hardianto Djanggih

Keyword(s):

Cyber Security ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Sociological Research ◽

Cyber Crime ◽

The Public ◽

Cyber Crimes ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

The development of internet nowadays does not only give a positive impact but also gives a negative impact in the form of crime that targets everyone, including children. Cyber crime which impact children as a victim should be handled seriously, this considering the fact that children need to get optimal protection to ensure their growth as the hope of nation. This study aims to determine and analyze the impact on cyber crime that impact children as its victim. This research uses juridical-sociological research method which is analyzed descriptively. The results show that the development of cyber crime that afflicts children as victims every year increases with various forms of development and crime mode. However, the legal protection aimed to reduce such crime is still very weak due to weak legislation, law enforcement performance and cyber security in Indonesia. The research is intended to provide recommendation for the government, law enforcers and the public, so that cyber crime that impact children as victims could be reduced and ensure protection for children.

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043 Sleep Restriction Affects Memory in Healthy Adults: Preliminary Findings

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A18-A19

Author(s):

Molly Zimmerman ◽

Christiane Hale ◽

Adam Brickman ◽

Lok-Kin Yeung ◽

Justin Cochran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Task Demands ◽

Sleep Restriction ◽

Neuropsychological Function ◽

Wake Time ◽

Sleep Condition ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction Sleep loss has a range of detrimental effects on cognitive ability. However, few studies have examined the impact of sleep restriction on neuropsychological function using an experimental design. The goal of this study was to examine the extent to which maintained insufficient sleep affects cognition in healthy adults compared to habitual adequate sleep. Methods This study used a randomized, crossover, outpatient sleep restriction design. Adults who regularly slept at least 7 h/night, verified by 2 weeks of screening with actigraphy, completed 2 phases of 6 weeks each: habitual sleep (>7 h of sleep/night) or sleep restriction (habitual sleep minus 1.5 h) separated by a 6-week washout period. During the sleep restriction phase, participants were asked to delay their bedtime by 1.5 hours/night while maintaining their habitual wake time. Neuropsychological function was evaluated with the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery at baseline (week 0) and endpoint (week 6) of each intervention phase. The NIH Toolbox evaluates a range of cognitive abilities, including attention, executive functioning, and working memory. General linear models with post hoc paired t-tests were used to assess demographically-adjusted test scores prior to and following each sleep condition. Results At the time of analyses, 16 participants were enrolled (age 34.5□14.5 years, 9 women), 10 of whom had completed study procedures. An interaction between sleep condition and testing session revealed that individuals performed worse on List Sorting, a working memory test, after sleep restriction but improved slightly after habitual sleep (p<0.001). While not statistically reliable, the pattern of test results was similar on the other tests of processing speed, executive function, and attention. Conclusion In these preliminary results from this randomized experimental study, we demonstrated that sleep restriction has a negative impact while stable habitual adequate sleep has a positive impact on working memory, or the ability to temporarily hold information in mind while executing task demands. This finding contributes to our understanding of the complex interplay between different aspects of sleep quality (i.e., both sleep restriction as well as the maintenance of stable sleep patterns) on cognition and underscores the importance of routine sleep screening as part of medical evaluations. Support (if any):

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Exploring the Relationship between Communication and Success of Construction Projects: The Mediating Role of Conflict

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084513 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4513

Author(s):

Summaira Malik ◽

Muhammad Taqi ◽

José Moleiro Martins ◽

Mário Nuno Mata ◽

João Manuel Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Project Success ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Construction Project ◽

Project Team ◽

Relationship Conflict ◽

Team Members ◽

Mediating Role ◽

The Impact

The success of a construction project is a widely discussed topic, even today, and there exists a difference of opinion. The impact of communication and conflict on project success is an important, but least addressed, issue in literature, especially in the case of underdeveloped countries. Miscommunication and conflict not only hinder the success of a project but also may lead to conflicts. The focus of this paper was to examine the impact of communication on project success with the mediating role of conflict. By using SPSS, demographics, descriptive statistics and correlation were determined. Smart PLS version 3.0 was used for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal accuracy and validity estimates, hypothesis checking and mediation testing. The results showed that formal communication has a negative impact on the success of a construction project, resulting in conflicts among project team members, whereas informal communication and communication willingness have a positive impact on project success because people tend to know each other, and trust is developed. Task, process and relationship conflicts were used as mediating variables. It was found that task conflict effects the relations positively because project team members suggest different ways to do a certain task, and, hence, project success is achieved. On the contrary, process conflict and relationship conflict have a negative impact on communication and project success. Both of these conflicts lead to miscommunication, and project success is compromised. Hence, it is the responsibility of the project manager to enhance communication among project team members and to reduce the detrimental effects of process and relationship conflict on project success.

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Environmental Regulation, Environmental Awareness and Environmental Governance Satisfaction

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13073960 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 3960

Author(s):

Meng-Meng Geng ◽

Ling-Yun He

Keyword(s):

Environmental Regulation ◽

Environmental Governance ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Subjective Evaluation ◽

Environmental Awareness ◽

General Social Survey ◽

Probit Model ◽

The People ◽

The Impact

It is a problem worth thinking about whether the government’s environmental regulation policies can meet the residents’ requirements for environmental quality, and benefit the people. The study of the public’s subjective evaluation can more intuitively judge whether the government’s environmental regulation has realized “ecological benefits for the people”. Based on the data of the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2013, this paper studied the impact of environmental regulation and environmental awareness on environmental governance satisfaction by an ordered probit model. The study found that environmental regulation has a significant positive impact on environmental governance satisfaction, while environmental awareness has a significant negative impact on environmental governance satisfaction. We also found that when public environmental awareness is taken into account, the positive relationship between environmental regulation and environmental governance satisfaction is affected. The robustness test proved this conclusion.

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The Impact of the Business Environment on the Formalization of Informal Firms. The Case of Kosovo

Südosteuropa ◽

10.1515/soeu-2020-0035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 505-529

Author(s):

Kujtim Zylfijaj ◽

Dimitar Nikoloski ◽

Nadine Tournois

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Business Environment ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Tax Reforms ◽

Firm Level ◽

Characteristics Analysis ◽

Significant Negative Impact ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe research presented here investigates the impact of the business environment on the formalization of informal firms, using firm-level data for 243 informal firms in Kosovo. The findings indicate that business-environment variables such as limited access to financing, the cost of financing, the unavailability of subsidies, tax rates, and corruption have a significant negative impact on the formalization of informal firms. In addition, firm-level characteristics analysis suggests that the age of the firm also exercises a significant negative impact, whereas sales volume exerts a significant positive impact on the formalization of informal firms. These findings have important policy implications and suggest that the abolition of barriers preventing access to financing, as well as tax reforms and a consistent struggle against corruption may have a positive influence on the formalization of informal firms. On the other hand, firm owners should consider formalization to be a means to help them have greater opportunities for survival and growth.

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Modeling the Impact of Climate Changes on Crop Yield: Irrigated vs. Non-Irrigated Zones in Mississippi

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13122249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2249

Author(s):

Sadia Alam Shammi ◽

Qingmin Meng

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Growing Season ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

The Impact

Climate change and its impact on agriculture are challenging issues regarding food production and food security. Many researchers have been trying to show the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on agriculture using different methods. In this study, we used linear regression models to assess the impact of climate on crop yield spatially and temporally by managing irrigated and non-irrigated crop fields. The climate data used in this study are Tmax (maximum temperature), Tmean (mean temperature), Tmin (minimum temperature), precipitation, and soybean annual yields, at county scale for Mississippi, USA, from 1980 to 2019. We fit a series of linear models that were evaluated based on statistical measurements of adjusted R-square, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). According to the statistical model evaluation, the 1980–1992 model Y[Tmax,Tmin,Precipitation]92i (BIC = 120.2) for irrigated zones and the 1993–2002 model Y[Tmax,Tmean,Precipitation]02ni (BIC = 1128.9) for non-irrigated zones showed the best fit for the 10-year period of climatic impacts on crop yields. These models showed about 2 to 7% significant negative impact of Tmax increase on the crop yield for irrigated and non-irrigated regions. Besides, the models for different agricultural districts also explained the changes of Tmax, Tmean, Tmin, and precipitation in the irrigated (adjusted R-square: 13–28%) and non-irrigated zones (adjusted R-square: 8–73%). About 2–10% negative impact of Tmax was estimated across different agricultural districts, whereas about −2 to +17% impacts of precipitation were observed for different districts. The modeling of 40-year periods of the whole state of Mississippi estimated a negative impact of Tmax (about 2.7 to 8.34%) but a positive impact of Tmean (+8.9%) on crop yield during the crop growing season, for both irrigated and non-irrigated regions. Overall, we assessed that crop yields were negatively affected (about 2–8%) by the increase of Tmax during the growing season, for both irrigated and non-irrigated zones. Both positive and negative impacts on crop yields were observed for the increases of Tmean, Tmin, and precipitation, respectively, for irrigated and non-irrigated zones. This study showed the pattern and extent of Tmax, Tmean, Tmin, and precipitation and their impacts on soybean yield at local and regional scales. The methods and the models proposed in this study could be helpful to quantify the climate change impacts on crop yields by considering irrigation conditions for different regions and periods.

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The Crisis and International Population Movement in Indonesia

Asian and Pacific Migration Journal ◽

10.1177/011719680000900104 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 93-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Graeme Hugo

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Migrant Workers ◽

Labor Migration ◽

Asian Financial Crisis ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Undocumented Migrants ◽

Population Movements ◽

Potential Migrant ◽

The Impact ◽

Contract Labor

Indonesia is the country most affected by the Asian financial crisis which began in mid-1997 and has been the slowest to recover from it. In the present paper the effects of the first two and a half years of the crisis on international population movements influencing Indonesia are discussed. The crisis has increased economic pressures on potential migrant workers in Indonesia and the result has been increased out-movement. In both pre and post-crisis situations this was dominated by women, at least among official migrant workers. The crisis has tightened the labor market in some of Indonesia's main destination countries but the segmentation of the labor market in those countries has limited the impact of the crisis in reducing jobs in those countries. The crisis has created more pressure on undocumented migrants in destination countries but the extent of repatriation, while higher than in the pre-crisis situation, has been limited. The crisis has directly or indirectly affected other international movements influencing Indonesia including expatriate movement to Indonesia and longer-term, south-north migration out of the country. The policy implications of these changes are discussed including the fact that the crisis has led to an increased appreciation of the importance of contract labor migration by government and greater attention being paid to improving the system for migrants themselves and the country as a whole.

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The nexus between financial development and energy consumption: Estimating the role of foreign direct investment, economic growth and urbanization

Energy & Environment ◽

10.1177/0958305x211045375 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0958305X2110453

Author(s):

Jaleel Ahmed ◽

Shuja ur Rehman ◽

Zaid Zuhaira ◽

Shoaib Nisar

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Financial Development ◽

Latin American ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

The Impact

This study examines the impact of financial development on energy consumption for a wide array of countries. The estimators used for financial development are foreign direct investment, economic growth and urbanization. The study employed a panel data regression on 136 countries with time frame of years 1990 to 2019. The model in this study deploys system GMM technique to estimate the model. The results show that financial development has a significant negative impact on energy consumption overall. Foreign direct investment and urbanization has significant impact on energy consumption. Also, economic growth positive impact on energy consumption its mean that economic growth promotes energy consumption. When dividing further the sample into different groups of regions such as Asian, European, African, North/Latin American and Caribbean countries then mixed results related to the nexus between financial development and energy consumption with respect to economic growth, urbanization and foreign direct investment. The policymakers in these different groups of countries must balance the relationship between energy supply and demand to achieving the sustainable economic development.

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