Effects of trifluralin and chlorpropham application on wild oat (Avena fatua) seedling emergence and survival under various tillage regimes

Reaction of some wild oat (Avena fatuaL. ♯4AVEFA) populations to the herbicide triallate [S-(2,3,3-trichloroallyl)diisopropylthiocarbamate] was investigated in a controlled-environment chamber. Under specified conditions, 1.0 mg active ingredient of triallate incorporated in 1 kg of soil was a satisfactory diagnostic rate for 14-day-old seedlings. Five seedling growth parameters were studied. These parameters were emergence, survival to produce first leaf, mesocotyl length, first-leaf length, and seedling height. Of these, mesocotyl length was least affected by triallate treatment, and significant differences in variability for triallate reaction were found within and among historically triallate unexposed, as well as exposed populations. Within-population variation for seedling emergence and survival was higher in unexposed than in exposed populations. Populations with recurrent exposure to triallate were more tolerant to the herbicide under experimental conditions than historically unexposed populations. Triallate-tolerant lines were identified which were tolerant to two other common wild oat herbicides.

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Barban Selectivity for Wild Oat in Wheat

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500038042 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 476-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Robert W. Neidermyer ◽

John D. Nalewaja

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Leaf Blade ◽

Plant Morphology ◽

Treatment Temperature ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Wheat Growth ◽

Wild Oats

The response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate) was studied as influenced by plant morphology and air temperature after application. Growth of wheat and wild oat seedlings was reduced by barban at 0.3 μg and 0.6 μg applied to the first node, respectively. Barban application to the base and midpoint of the first leaf blade required a lower dose to reduce wild oat growth than wheat growth. Increased tillering occurred from barban injury to the main culm in wheat. Wheat and wild oat susceptibility to barban increased as the post-treatment temperature decreased from 32 to 10 C. Barban selectivity for wild oats in wheat was greater at 27 and 21 C than at 16 and 10 C.

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Influence of chaff and chaff lines on weed seed survival and seedling emergence in Australian cropping systems

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2020.142 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Michael J. Walsh ◽

Annie E. Rayner ◽

Annie Rutledge ◽

John C. Broster

Keyword(s):

Cropping Systems ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Field Studies ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Weed Species ◽

Environment Effect ◽

Seed Survival ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

Rigid Ryegrass

Abstract Chaff lining and chaff tramlining are harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems that involve the concentration of weed seed containing chaff material into narrow (20 to 30 cm) rows between or on the harvester wheel tracks during harvest. These lines of chaff are left intact in the fields through subsequent cropping seasons in the assumption that the chaff environment is unfavourable for weed seed survival. The chaff row environment effect on weed seed survival was examined in field studies, while chaff response studies determined the influence of increasing amounts of chaff on weed seedling emergence. The objectives of these studies were to determine 1) the influence of chaff lines on the summer-autumn seed survival of selected weed species; and 2) the influence of chaff type and amount on rigid ryegrass seedling emergence. There was frequently no difference (P>0.05) in survival of seed of four weed species (rigid ryegrass, wild oat, annual sowthistle and turnip weed) when these seed were placed beneath or beside chaff lines. There was one instance where wild oat seed survival was increased (P<0.05) when seed were placed beneath compared to beside a chaff line. The pot studies determined that increasing amounts of chaff consistently resulted in decreasing numbers of rigid ryegrass seedlings emerging through chaff material. The suppression of emergence broadly followed a linear relationship where there was approximately a 2.0% reduction in emergence with every 1.0 t ha-1 increase in chaff material. This relationship was consistent across wheat, barley, canola and lupin chaff types, indicating that the physical presence of the chaff was more important than chaff type. These studies indicated that chaff lines may not affect the over summer-autumn survival of the contained weed seeds but the subsequent emergence of weed seedlings will be restricted by high amounts of chaff (>40 t ha-1).

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Effects of Difenzoquat on Photoreactions and Respiration in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Wild Oat (Avena fatua)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450007020x ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 693-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Blaik P. Halling ◽

Richard Behrens

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Electron Transport ◽

Electron Acceptor ◽

Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Leaf Chlorosis ◽

Acceptor Activity ◽

Proton Uptake

Experiments were conducted with isolated protoplasts of wild oat (Avena fatuaL. # AVEFA) and isolated chloroplasts of wild oat and wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), to determine if the methyl sulfate salt of difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolium) might influence photoreactions in these species. Difenzoquat did not affect CO2fixation, uncoupled electron transport, or proton uptake. At concentrations of 0.5 mM and 1 mM, difenzoquat caused a slight, but statistically significant, inhibition of photophosphorylation. Experiments assaying coupled electron transport indicated that inhibition of photophosphorylation occurred not through uncoupling, but by an energy-transfer inhibition. This same effect was observed in isolated mitocondria of both species, with about 50% inhibition of state 3 respiration rates occurring with 10 μM difenzoquat. However, no important differentials were observed in the relative susceptibilities of wheat and wild oat mitochondria. Difenzoquat also functioned as a weak autooxidizing electron acceptor in photosynthetic electron transport. Therefore, difenzoquat-induced leaf chlorosis and necrosis may result from a bipyridilium-type electron acceptor activity if sufficient herbicide is absorbed.

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Wild Oat (Avena Fatua L.) and Canary Grass (Phalaris Minor Ritz.) Management Through Allelopathy

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/v10045-010-0007-3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 41-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Khawar Jabran ◽

Muhammad Farooq ◽

Mubshir Hussain ◽

Muhammad Ali ◽

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Complete Inhibition ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Barnyard Grass ◽

Phalaris Minor ◽

Germination Time ◽

Root And Shoot Length ◽

Canary Grass

Wild Oat (Avena FatuaL.) and Canary Grass (Phalaris MinorRitz.) Management Through AllelopathyEnvironmental contamination, herbicide resistance development among weeds and health concerns due to over and misuse of synthetic herbicides has led the researchers to focus on alternative weed management strategies. Allelochemicals extracted from various plant species can act as natural weed inhibitors. In this study, allelopathic extracts from four plant species sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], mulberry (Morus albaL.), barnyard grass [Echinochloa crusgalli(L.) Beauv.], winter cherry [Withania somnifera(L.)] were tested for their potential to inhibit the most problematic wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) weeds wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) and canary grass (Phalaris minorRitz.). Data regarding time to start germination, time to 50% germination, mean germination time, final germination percentage, germination energy, root and shoot length, number of roots, number of leaves, and seedling fresh and dry weight was recorded for both the weeds, which showed that mulberry was the most inhibitory plant species while sorghum showed least allelopathic suppression against wild oat. Mulberry extracts resulted in a complete inhibition of the wild oat germination. The allelopathic potential for different plants against wild oat was in the order: mulberry > winter cherry > barnyard grass > sorghum. Mulberry, barnyard grass and winter cherry extracts resulted in a complete inhibition of canary grass. Sorghum however exhibited least suppressive or in some cases stimulatory effects on canary grass. Plants revealing strong allelopathic potential can be utilized to derive natural herbicides for weed control.

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Site-specific wild oat (Avena fatua L.) management

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2012-007 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 92 (5) ◽

pp. 923-931 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. J. Beckie ◽

S. Shirriff

Keyword(s):

Specific Treatment ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Slope Position ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Site Specific ◽

Lower Slope ◽

Upper Slope

Beckie, H. J. and Shirriff, S. 2012. Site-specific wild oat ( Avena fatua L.) management. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 923–931. Variation in soil properties, such as soil moisture, across a hummocky landscape may influence wild oat emergence and growth. To evaluate wild oat emergence, growth, and management according to landscape position, a study was conducted from 2006 to 2010 in a hummocky field in the semiarid Moist Mixed Grassland ecoregion of Saskatchewan. The hypothesis tested was that wild oat emergence and growth would be greater in lower than upper slope positions under normal or dry early growing season conditions. Three herbicide treatments were imposed on the same plots each year of a 2-yr canola (Brassica napus L.) – wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sequence: (1) nontreated (weedy) control; (2) herbicide application to upper and lower slope positions (i.e., full or blanket application); and (3) herbicide application to lower slope position only. Slope position affected crop and weed densities before in-crop herbicide application in years with dry spring growing conditions. Site-specific wild oat herbicide application in hummocky fields in semiarid regions may be justified based on results of wild oat control averaged across slope position. In year 2 of the crop sequence (wheat), overall (i.e., lower and upper slope) wild oat control based on density, biomass, and dockage (i.e., seed return) was similar between site-specific and full herbicide treatment in 2 of 3 yr. Because economic thresholds have not been widely adopted by growers in managing wild oat, site-specific treatment in years when conditions warrant may be an appropriate compromise between no application and blanket herbicide application.

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Weed Seedling Emergence and Survival as Affected by Crop Canopy

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-08-073.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 736-740 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Randy L. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Seed Production ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Crop Canopy ◽

Cool Season ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Green Foxtail ◽

Seedling Emergence And Survival ◽

Weed Dynamics

This study measured impact of cool-season crops on seedling emergence, survival, and seed production of weeds common in corn and soybean. Weed dynamics were monitored in permanently marked quadrats in winter wheat, spring wheat, and canola. Three species, green foxtail, yellow foxtail, and common lambsquarters, comprised more than 80% of the weeds observed in the study. Seedling emergence was reduced by winter wheat, but not by spring wheat or canola, when compared with adjacent quadrats without a crop canopy. Approximately 10% of seedlings in spring wheat and canola developed into seed-bearing plants, but no seed-bearing plants were present in winter wheat at harvest. Common lambsquarters produced more than 1,100 seeds/plant, whereas a foxtail plant produced 85 seeds, averaged across spring wheat and canola. At harvest, new seedlings were present in all crops; thus, control after harvest will be required to prevent seed production in the fall. Winter wheat may provide an opportunity to disrupt population dynamics of weeds common in corn and soybean without requiring herbicides.

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SPRAY DROPLET DISTRIBUTION AND HERBICIDE UPTAKE IN SEQUENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF DICLOFOP-METHYL AND MCPA FOR WEED CONTROL IN BARLEY

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps79-014 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 93-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

F. A. QURESHI ◽

W. H. VANDEN BORN

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Spray Application ◽

Spray Droplet ◽

Wild Oats ◽

Droplet Distribution ◽

Spray Droplets ◽

Spray Volume

Uptake of 14C-diclofop-methyl {methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy propanoate]} by leaves of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) was reduced significantly in the presence of MCPA {[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]acetic acid]}, especially the dimethylamine formulation. If the herbicides were applied separately, the degree of interference with uptake depended on the extent of overlap of droplets of the two spray preparations on the leaf surface. Spray volume and direction of spray application were important factors in minimizing the mixing of spray droplets on the leaves if the two herbicides were applied separately with a tandem arrangement of two sprayers. Such a sequential application of MCPA ester and diclofop-methyl in a field experiment provided significantly greater wild oat control than could be obtained with a tank mix of the same two herbicides, but the results were not consistent enough to recommend the procedure for practical use.

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