scholarly journals The Apparent Metabolisable Energy Values of Palm Kernel Cake as Influenced by Enzymes and Cocktails

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Abdulhameed Jimoh ◽  
Job Olutimehin Atteh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Statistical Analysis System ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Better Than

This study was conducted to quantify the effects of enzymes and their cocktails on the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) value of palm kernel cake to maximise enzymes’ advantages. There were eight treatments, each with three replicates in a completely randomised design with T1 as control. The experimental treatments had Xylanase, Multipurpose and phytase enzymes respectively for T2, T3 and T4, and a cocktail of xylanase and multipurpose, a cocktail of xylanase and phytase, cocktail of multipurpose and phytase, and cocktail of xylanase, multipurpose and phytase for T5, T6, T7 and T8. The feeding trial was done using the intubation method. Gross energy values were determined with calorimeter while calculated AME values were subjected to analysis of variance using Statistical Analysis System and treatment means separated by Duncan Multiple Range Test. Results show that individual enzymes, apart from phytase, significantly (p>0.05) improved the AME value of palm kernel cake. Treatment T8 was significantly (p>0.05) better than the other treatments. Each cocktail was significantly better than its respective individual enzymes except cocktail of multipurpose enzyme and phytase that was not significantly different from multipurpose enzyme but significantly (p>0.05) better than phytase. It was concluded that enzymes and cocktail of enzymes could be used to enhance the energy content of nonconventional feedstuffs thereby serving as a replacement to conventional energy feedstuffs. 

scholarly journals Improving the metabolisable energy value of brewers’ dried grains with enzyme cocktails in poultry nutrition

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-419
Author(s):  
Abdulhameed Jimoh ◽  
Job Atteh
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Statistical Analysis System ◽  
Exogenous Enzymes ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Better Than

The determination of the positive effects of exogenous enzymes is essential to ensure their inclusion in poultry feed formulation. This study was conducted to determine the effect of enzymes on the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) value of brewers? dried grain (BDG). Xylanase, phytase and multipurpose enzymes were used in a completely randomised design to determine the effects of individual exogenous enzymes and their cocktails on poultry metabolisable energy using adult cockerels. There were eight treatments comprising a control and seven experimental treatments with BDG and one, two or three enzymes. The AME values were determined using the intubation method. Data collected were analysed using the statistical analysis system. Enzymes individually and as a cocktail improved the AME value of BDG compared to the control. An increase in the AME value was 3.48%, 5.39%, 5.92%, 14.29%, 18.13%, 23.21% and 29.58% respectively for phytase, xylanase, cocktail of xylanase and phytase, multipurpose enzyme, cocktail of multipurpose enzyme and phytase, cocktail of xylanase and multipurpose enzyme and cocktail of xylanase, phytase and multipurpose enzyme. Cocktails of enzymes were significantly better (P?0.05) than individual enzymes in their effects on apparent metabolisable energy of BDG. Phytase gave a marginal increase in AME of the studied feedstuff. It has been concluded that the cocktail of enzymes is better than individual enzymes in their effects on AME of BDG. If different enzymes are available, it is recommended that the enzyme with higher units should be used.

The fermentable metabolisable energy in grass silage

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
A T Chamberlaina ◽  
K Seyoum ◽  
D Chapman ◽  
C Piotrowski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Uk

The UK metabolisable protein system (AFRC, 1992) requires the measurement of fermentable metabolisable energy (FME) to determine the potential yield of microbial crude protein in the rumen. FME is defined as:The objective of this work was to measure the ME , ether extract and volatile fatty acid components of first cut grass silages to assess the range of FME and non-fermentable fractions and hence the range of fermentabilities (FME:ME).Eighty-four clamp grass silages, predominantly first-cut rye grass, were analysed for modified acid detergent fibre (MADF), individual volatile fatty acids, oil (ether extract) and oven dry matter. ME was predicted from the MADF after correction for oven dry matter. The gross energy of the lactic, acetic, propanoic, butyric and valeric acid were taken to be 15.2, 14.6, 20.8, 24.9, and 28.0 MJ/kg DM, and for the Ether Extract fraction of grass 38.5 MJ/kg DM. The energy content of the volatile fatty acids in the silage were summed and FME was calculated as described above. The fermentability of the silage was the expressed as the proportion of FME to ME.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF REPLACING DIETARY FISH MEAL WITH PERIWINKLE FLESH ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
B. I. OKON ◽  
B. K. OGUNMODEDE
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dietary Fish ◽  
Better Than

Broiler chickens were fed varying levels of Palm Kernel Cake (PKC), fishmeal and dried Periwinkle flesh. The use of isocaloric and isonitrogenous rations showed that feeding of 6% periwinkle flesh or 2% fishmeal along with 25% PKC significantly improved live weight, (P<0.05) weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The two groups of birds fed these rations performed better than those fed either 15% PKC with 2% fishmeal or 25% PKC along with a mixture of 2.5% periwinkle flesh and 1% fishmeal.

scholarly journals Efforts to Improve the Quality of Palm Kernel Cake through Fermentation Technology and Enzyme Addition for Poultry

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Tiurma Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Oil Utilization ◽  
Fermentation Technology

Palm kernel cake (PKC) with the protein content 14-21% and crude fiber about 17.63% is a by product of palm kernel oil. Utilization of PKC as source of protein for poultry feed is still limited. While demand of feed is getting increased. Therefore, the technology to improve PKC quality is needed to optimalize using PKC. This paper inform any efforts to improve the quality of PKC through fermentation technology and addition of enzymes and their utilization as poultry feed ingredient. Fermentation process of PKC can be done using single bacteria, mold or combination of them. By fermentation technology, the protein of PKC increased up to 88% (from 13-15% to 16-28%) and crude fiber decreased by 28% (from 17 to 12.21%). Palm kernel cake after fermentation can substitute soybean meal up to 18%, can be used up to 21% in broiler ration, and up to 25% in layer ration. Enzyme addition could increase metabolisable energy. Fermented PKC and enzyme addition can improve feed efficiency and feed conversion, and reduce abdominal fat in the broiler. Fermentation technology and addition of enzyme to PKC could improve the nutritional quality of PKC.

Factors influencing the gross energy content of grass silage

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 121-121
Author(s):  
D I Givens ◽  
Jeannie M Brunnen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Total Energy Content ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Made In

The gross energy (GE) of a feed represents its total energy content and is measured by burning the material in an atmosphere of oxygen in a bomb calorimeter. The GE of many feeds is often taken to be 18.4 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) (MAFF et al, 1984). This assumption is likely to be doubtful for feeds which are for example high in lipid or which contain products of fermentation. The gross energy content of grass silages in particular has recently been reviewed by Edwards (1986).The GE content of grass silage can account for some 50% of the variability in metabolisable energy (ME). It is however ignored in present laboratory methods used for the prediction of ME which largely depend on using fibre fractions (Givens, 1986) which are more closely related to digestibility. This paper presents the results of GE determinations made on 109 grass silages made in clamps and since GE cannot be measured routinely, examines a number of factors which may be helpful in its prediction.

scholarly journals Passage time, apparent metabolisable energy and ileal amino acids digestibility of treated palm kernel cake in broilers under the hot and humid tropical climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Ali Hanafiah Hakim ◽  
Idrus Zulkifli ◽  
Abdoreza Soleimani Farjam ◽  
Elmutaz Atta Awad ◽  
Norhani Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Humid Tropical Climate ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Implementasi Voip Server Berbasis IPV6 Dengan Raspberry PI

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Rabbai San Arif ◽  
Yuli Fitrisia ◽  
Agus Urip Ari Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Ipv6 Network ◽  
Ip Network ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a telecommunications technology that is able to pass the communication service in Internet Protocol networks so as to allow communicating between users in an IP network. However VoIP technology still has weakness in the Quality of Service (QoS). VOPI weaknesses is affected by the selection of the physical servers used. In this research, VoIP is configured on Linux operating system with Asterisk as VoIP application server and integrated on a Raspberry Pi by using wired and wireless network as the transmission medium. Because of depletion of IPv4 capacity that can be used on the network, it needs to be applied to VoIP system using the IPv6 network protocol with supports devices. The test results by using a wired transmission medium that has obtained are the average delay is 117.851 ms, jitter is 5.796 ms, packet loss is 0.38%, throughput is 962.861 kbps, 8.33% of CPU usage and 59.33% of memory usage. The analysis shows that the wired transmission media is better than the wireless transmission media and wireless-wired.

Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematika: Studi Komparasi Pembelajaran Number Head Together (NHT) dan Media Power Point (PPT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Bernadeta Ritawati ◽  
Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mathematical Communication ◽  
Cluster Technique ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Power Point ◽  
Media Power ◽  
Better Than

This research is a quasi-experimental study that aims to determine the comparison of students' mathematical communication abilities with the cooperative learning model of the NHT and PPT media in class VII SMP Negeri 02 Ngabang. The population in this study were all students of class VII SMP 02 Ngabang consisting of 3 classes. The sample in this study was taken by using the Random Sampling Cluster technique. Class VII A as class I experimental class with 24 students and class VII B as a experimental class II with 24 students. The instruments used were pretest and posttest in the form of description. Data analysis uses the t test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed the average posttest for the NHT class was 72.5 and the average posttest for the PP class was 66.666. From the posttest hypothesis test results obtained t hitung> t tabel (1.9522> 1,667). Because t_hitung> t_tabel, H_0 is rejected and H_a is accepted. This means that students' mathematical communication skills taught with the NHT are better than using Power point media.

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