scholarly journals A Note on the Connectivity of 2-Polymatroid Minors

10.37236/8369 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Gershkoff ◽  
James Oxley
Keyword(s):  
Connected Matroid ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Way

Brylawski and Seymour independently proved that if $M$ is a connected matroid with a connected minor $N$, and $e \in E(M) - E(N)$, then $M \backslash e$ or $M / e$ is connected having $N$ as a minor. This paper proves an analogous but somewhat weaker result for $2$-polymatroids. Specifically, if $M$ is a connected $2$-polymatroid with a proper connected minor $N$, then there is an element $e$ of $E(M) - E(N)$ such that $M \backslash e$ or $M / e$ is connected having $N$ as a minor. We also consider what can be said  about the uniqueness of the way in which the elements of $E(M) - E(N)$ can be removed so that connectedness is always maintained.

Standing up to the Demos

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Erskine
Keyword(s):  
Athenian Democracy ◽  
Parallel Lives ◽  
Standing Up ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight ◽  
The Way

Plutarch wrote twenty-three Greek Lives in his series of Parallel Lives—of these, ten were devoted to Athenians. Since Plutarch shared the hostile view of democracy of Polybius and other Hellenistic Greeks, this Athenian preponderance could have been a problem for him. But Plutarch uses these men’s handling of the democracy and especially the demos as a way of gaining insight into the character and capability of his protagonists. This chapter reviews Plutarch’s attitude to Athenian democracy and examines the way a statesman’s character is illuminated by his interaction with the demos. It also considers what it was about Phocion that so appealed to Plutarch, first by looking at his relationship with the democracy and then at the way he evokes the memory of Socrates. For him this was not a minor figure, but a man whose life was representative of the problems of Athenian democracy.

scholarly journals TEXT OF POLICY IN THE BACKGROUND OF CIVILIZATIONAL CONTEXTS AND SUBTEXTS AS A MISSING ELEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL DISCOURSE

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Zoreslav Samchuk
Keyword(s):  
Careful Selection ◽  
Educational Discourse ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
The Future ◽  
Institutional Status ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Missing Element ◽  
Minor Episode ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

Politics feels the steady influence of the civilization factor first of all and mainly because for various reasons the way of its existence prevents the careful selection of optimal articulation, argumentation and rhetorical approaches; instead of this, the civilization factor works not so much within the limits of specific and historical priorities, as in a much longer retrospective and perspective. Unlike politics, for civilization modernity is a minor episode, which becomes meaningful only in the context of some historical continuity and prospects for the future. At the expense of the closest possible association links with the civilization factor, politics tries to legitimize and raise its institutional status and ensure a respectable image. It tries to prove that it also works on the principles of historical continuity, and her argumentatively vulnerable memoranda are not without prospects for the future.

Contradiction and Freedom

Philosophy ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 63 (245) ◽  
pp. 317-330
Author(s):  
B. H. Slater
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The Past ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Literary Figure ◽  
Intimate Link ◽  
Clear Thinking ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Way

Jean-Paul Sartre, in describing the realization of his freedom, was often inclined to say mysterious things like ‘I am what I am not’, ‘I am not what I am’ (‘as I am already what I will be …, I am the self which I will be, in the mode of not being it’, ‘I make myself not to be the past … which I am’.) He was therefore plainly contradicting himself, but was this merely a playful literary figure (paradox), or was he really being incoherent? By the latter judgment I do not mean to reject his statements entirely (like many of his Anglo-Saxon contemporaries); for I believe there is an intimate link between contradiction and freedom, as I shall explain in this paper. But a minor thing we must first have out of the way is the suggestion that Sartre's language was just a rhetorical trope, designed merely to express some banal platitude in a bemusing way: ‘I am not yet what I will be’, ‘I am no longer what I was’ are sane and sensible, for instance, but cannot be the meant content of Sartre's sayings, since, while they would indeed describe the reform of some character, they would be appropriate only before or after some metamorphosis, not, as Sartre clearly intended, in the midst of some process of riddance and conversion, whether radical or otherwise. Yet, in the turmoil of such a change, ‘I am not what I am’ (or the everyday ‘I am not myself’) still, surely, cannot be true, and if that is the case, Sartre must be being inocherent, and therefore, obfuscating and deliberately obscure, and hence, it seems, must properly be rejected by all right and clear thinking men.

scholarly journals Pronunciation Obstacle Course

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Igor Ivanović
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Language Classrooms ◽  
University Professor ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
L2 Perception ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Way

Form our experience as a university professor, many language classrooms are not attentive to pronunciation and it is often neglected. The two major factors contributing to this situation are teachers’ inability to teach their students proper pronunciation (pronunciation does not exist in or is a minor part of school curricula or teachers themselves are unable to produce native or native-like pronunciation) and the linguistic barrier posed by the native language. For instance, students sometimes feel great discomfort if they have to express themselves in a foreign language. In case of Montenegro, certain English phonemes such as /θ/, classified as a voiceless dental fricative and /ð/, classified as a voiced dental fricative, when used in our language, represent the way a person with a speech sound disorder would speak. On the more positive note, our students, more and more, travel to different countries, which improves their ability to speak a foreign language fluently and attain a native-like accent. In this paper, we will deal with certain misconceptions about pronunciation and then our attention will turn to elements affecting the way pronunciation is learnt. Towards the end of our paper, we will consider what language learners need in terms of improving their pronunciation. This is of vital importance since pronunciation may be a great contributing factor, leading to an improved L2 perception.

After the War

Eubie Blake ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 283-314
Author(s):  
Richard Carlin ◽  
Ken Bloom
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Way

This chapter opens with background on Eubie’s second wife’s family and their courtship. After World War II, Eubie formed partnerships with several new lyricists. Among them was Ernie Ford, a newspaper advertising executive from Houston, Texas. The chapter also looks at the return of Milton Reddie to New York and Reddie and Blake’s work on the show Cleo Steps Out, which was never produced; Sissle’s continuing interest in reviving Shuffle Along on Broadway; the unexpected success of the song “I’m Just Wild about Harry” when it was adopted as Harry Truman’s campaign song; and their attempts to find a producer/backer, ultimately finding Irving Gaumont, a minor Broadway figure, who was willing to stage the show. The chapter further explores Gaumont’s decision to bring in play doctors and new songwriters to help modernize the show; Shuffle Along of 1952’s disastrous premier on Broadway; Flournoy Miller’s and Sissle’s anger at the way the show was produced and their breakup as partners for future shows.

The Family, Household, and Minor Lineage of the Konkomba

Africa ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Tait
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Family Household ◽  
Major Lineage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Group A ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Way

Opening ParagraphSince the household contains members drawn from the larger minor lineage group, we may expect to find that it functions within the framework of the latter. This is indeed the way in which Konkomba think of the household—as part of something larger, as something that is now isolated from and now merged in the larger group. The phrase ‘Ti je mfum mba’ (we are one) may refer to a household, a minor lineage group, a major lineage group, a clan, a tribe or the whole Konkomba people. When speaking of co-operation they speak in terms of the minor lineage group rather than in terms of the household. We shall try to differentiate the role of the household as a unit of reciprocal help, of social control, and of instruction, &c.

scholarly journals Towards Unavoidable Minors of Binary 4-connected Matroids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Susan Jowett
Keyword(s):  
Binary Matroid ◽  
Connected Matroid ◽  
Cycle Matroid ◽  
Circular Ladder ◽  
A Minor

<p>We show that for every n ≥ 3 there is some number m such that every 4-connected binary matroid with an M (K3,m)-minor or an M* (K3,m)-minor and no rank-n minor isomorphic to M* (K3,n) blocked in a path-like way, has a minor isomorphic to one of the following: M (K4,n), M* (K4,n), the cycle matroid of an n-spoke double wheel, the cycle matroid of a rank-n circular ladder, the cycle matroid of a rank-n Möbius ladder, a matroid obtained by adding an element in the span of the petals of M (K3,n) but not in the span of any subset of these petals and contracting this element, or a rank-n matroid closely related to the cycle matroid of a double wheel, which we call a non graphic double wheel. We also show that for all n there exists m such that the following holds. If M is a 4-connected binary matroid with a sufficiently large spanning restriction that has a certain structure of order m that generalises a swirl-like flower, then M has one of the following as a minor: a rank-n spike, M (K4,n), M* (K4,n), the cycle matroid of an n-spoke double wheel, the cycle matroid of a rank-n circular ladder, the cycle matroid of a rank-n Möbius ladder, a matroid obtained by adding an element in the span of the petals of M (K3,n) but not in the span of any subset of these petals and contracting this element, a rank-n non graphic double wheel, M* (K3,n) blocked in a path-like way or a highly structured 3-connected matroid of rank n that we call a clam.</p>

XI.—Observations on the Trial and Death of William Earl of Gowrie,a.d. 1584, and on their Connection with the Gowrie Conspiracy, a.d. 1600. By John Bruce, Esq. F.S.A.

Archaeologia ◽  
1849 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-173
Author(s):  
John Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Law And Justice ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Way

In King James's singular narrative of the Gowrie Conspiracy, his majesty states, that Alexander Ruthven, younger brother of John Earl of Gowrie, having conducted him into a chamber of Gowrie House, which the king calls “a little studie,” suddenly “locked too the studie doore behinde him,” and at that instant, changing his countenance, put his hat on his head, and drew a dagger from the girdle of Andrew Henderson, a servant of the Ruthvens who had been previously stationed in the little study, clad in armour, to await his majesty's coming. His majesty goes on to relate, that young Ruthven held the point of Henderson's dagger to the king's breast, declaring that he “behoved to be in his will, and to be used as he list.” The king adds, “that Ruthven swore many bloody oaths that if the king cried one word, or opened a window to look out, that dagger should presently go to his heart.” He then adds, and it is the first word which seems to have been uttered in explanation of the cause of this singular outrage, that Alexander Ruthven affirmed “that he was sure that now the king's conscience was burthened for the murthering of his father.” The king replied (according to his own account) with singular coolness and self-possession. He “begun to dilate” (these are the words of his narrative) “how horrible a thing it was for his assailant to meddle with his majesty's innocent blood, assuring him it would not be left unrevenged, since God had given him children and good subjects, and if there [were] neither, God would raise up stocks and stones to punish so vile a deed.” After this oration upon regicide, which, considering the character of the king, and the circumstances of tremendous personal peril in which he was suddenly placed, is not very likely to have been uttered exactly in the way stated, the king proceeded to notice the allusion which had been made by Alexander Ruthven to the death of his father, “protesting before God,” his majesty says, “that he had no burthen on his conscience” on that account, “both in respect that, at the time of his father's execution, his majesty was but a minor of age, and guided at that time by a faction which over ruled both his majesty and the rest of the country; as also, that whatsoever was done to his father, it was done by the ordinary course of law and justice.”

scholarly journals Ten Years of “Object First”

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Uwe Lämmel
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Style ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Teaching Approaches ◽  
Data Types ◽  
The Social ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The University ◽  
The Way

Abstract Teaching programming to newbies is still an ongoing challenge. Strongly worded, either students can program when they enter the university or they never learn it. The challenge is to address as many students as possible in such a way that they get an understanding of programming and become able to complete the course successfully. In contrary to traditional structured programming the Objects-First approach starts with classes and objects and introduces data types and programming statements whenever they are necessary to define the structure or behaviour of objects. The author has used the Objects-First approach for more than ten years. Almost the same content has been used all over the years but the way of teaching has changed. For the last two years the author has used elements of just-in-time teaching. The paper reviews the different teaching approaches based on the exams results. The author argues that teaching style has a minor influence. The social atmosphere among the students is a more crucial factor.

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