scholarly journals Biological properties and phytochemical characterization from Miconia chamissois Naudin aqueous extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-442
Author(s):  
Lorena Ferreira Gomes ◽  
◽  
Diegue Henrique Nascimento Martins ◽  
Sandra Marcia Mazutti da Silva ◽  
Yuri Yabu de Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Chromatographic Profile ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

The objective of this study was to evaluate biological and phytochemical properties of the aqueous extract from the leaves of Miconia chamissois Naudin (AEMC). Phytochemical properties were assessed by analyzing the chromatographic profile and the polyphenol content of AEMC. Biological properties evaluation was conducted based on cytotoxicity assay and by evaluating the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzymatic inhibition activities. Results indicated the presence of phytochemicals in AEMC such as flavonoids and polyphenols, including rutin, isoquercitrin and vitexin derivatives. AEMC showed antioxidant activity, which may be attributed to the high polyphenolic content. Moreover, AEMC demonstrated in vitro enzyme inhibition activity against tyrosinase and alpha-amylase, as well as showed low cytotoxicity. On the other hand, AEMC exhibited weak antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. albicans. Thus, AEMC is a promising alternative in search of potential drugs for the treatment of diseases induced by oxidative stress and inflammation, conditions due to hyperpigmentation processes, such as melisma, as well as for diabetes.

Comparative Phytochemical Research of Solidago Genus: S. graminifolia. Note I. Flavonoids

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Luciana Dobjanschi ◽  
Ramona Păltinean ◽  
Laurian Vlase ◽  
Mihai Babotă ◽  
Luminita Fritea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Solidago Canadensis ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Chromatographic Profile ◽  
Solidago Virgaurea

Abstract Solidago graminifolia L. Salisb. is one of the latest species appeared in Romania. Due to the interest for the Solidago species as medicinal plants, we researched its phytochemical composition in comparison with the other three species present in Romania: Solidago virgaurea L., Solidago canadensis L., Solidago gigantea Aiton. Starting from the chemotaxonomic value of flavonoids, and their valuable biological properties, we wanted to analyze these substances from S. graminifolia compared to other Solidago species in Romanian flora. The studied species have a high content of flavonoids (3.44-5.21%). The flavonoid substances identified in the indigenous species of Solidago have a high chemotaxonomic value, each species having a charateristic chromatographic profile, therefore their analysis is useful in the case of adulterations. The qualitative analysis of flavonoids was performed by TLC and HPLC-MS, mean while the quantitative determination was achieved by spectrophotometric method and individual fractions separated by HPLC-MS.

Antinutrients and Digestibility (in vitro) of Soaked, Dehulled and Germinated Cowpeas

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komal Preet ◽  
Darshan Punia
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Germination Period ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Time Periods

Phytic acid, polyphenols, protein and starch digestibility (in vitro) in two varieties, namely CS-46 and CS-88, of soaked, dehulled and germinated cowpeas were determined. Soaking for 12 hours, dehulling of soaked seeds and germination for different time periods (24, 36 and 48 h) contributed significantly in reducing the phytic acid and polyphenol content of cowpeas. Removal of seed coat (dehulling) of soaked cowpeas reduced the polyphenols by 70–71 %. Soaking (12 h) brought about an improvement in protein and starch digestibility which further increased after dehulling. Progressive increase in digestibility (protein and starch) was noticed, with an increase in germination period. Dehulling of soaked seeds was most effective in reducing the polyphenolic content, and germination in enhancing protein and starch digestibility.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Effect of Addition of Different Concentrations of Nanohydroxyapatite to Resin Modified and Conventional Glass Ionomer Cements on L929 Murine Fibroblasts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Golkar ◽  
Ladan Ranjbar Omrani ◽  
Shide Zohourinia ◽  
Elham Ahmadi ◽  
Faeze Asadian
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cements ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Murine Fibroblasts

Objectives: In this study we assessed the cytotoxic effect of nanohydroxyapatite (NHA) incorporated into resin modified and conventional glass ionomer cements (RMGICs and CGICs) on L929 murine fibroblasts. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 0wt%, 1wt%, 2wt%, 5wt%, 7wt% and 10wt% concentrations of NHA were added to Fuji II LC RMGIC and Fuji IX CGIC powders. Eighteen samples (5×3mm) were fabricated from each type of glass ionomer, in six experimental groups (n=3): CG0, CG1, CG2, CG5, CG7, CG10, RMG0, RMG1, RMG2, RMG5, RMG7, and RMG10. Samples were incubated for 72h. The overlaying solution was removed and added to L929 fibroblasts. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed at 24, 48 and 72h. The wavelength was read by a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: There was no significant difference in cytotoxicity of the two types of glass ionomers, with and without NHA, except for CG0 and RMG0 groups after 72h. RMG0 group was significantly more cytotoxic than the CG0 group (P<0.05). In CG groups during the first 24h, the cytotoxicity of CG5 and CG7 groups was significantly higher than that of CG1; while, there was no significant difference between the RMG groups. Cytotoxicity significantly decreased in all groups after 24h (P<0.05). Conclusion: Incorporation of NHA into Fuji II LC RMGIC and Fuji IX CGIC did not affect their biocompatibility and therefore its addition to these materials can provide favorable biological properties, especially considering its beneficial effects on the other properties of GICs.

scholarly journals β-Lactamase inhibition profile of new amidine-substituted diazabicyclooctanes

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 711-718
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Lijuan Zhai ◽  
Yuanyu Gao ◽  
Dong Tang ◽  
Xueqin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mic Value

The diazabicyclooctane (DBO) scaffold is the backbone of non-β-lactam-based second generation β-lactamase inhibitors. As part of our efforts, we have synthesized a series of DBO derivatives A1–23 containing amidine substituents at the C2 position of the bicyclic ring. These compounds, alone and in combination with meropenem, were tested against ten bacterial strains for their antibacterial activity in vitro. All compounds did not show antibacterial activity when tested alone (MIC >64 mg/L), however, they exhibited a moderate inhibition activity in the presence of meropenem by lowering its MIC values. The compound A12 proved most potent among the other counterparts against all bacterial species with MIC from <0.125 mg/L to 2 mg/L, and is comparable to avibactam against both E. coli strains with a MIC value of <0.125 mg/L.

The Method of Coating Fe3O4 with Carbon Nanoparticles to Modify Biological Properties of Oxide Measured in Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Niemiec ◽  
Mariusz Dudek ◽  
Natalia Dziekan ◽  
Sławomir Jaworski ◽  
Aleksandra Przewozik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract The coating of nanoparticles on materials for medical application [e.g., the coating of Fe3O4 nanopowder (IONP) with a carbon nanolayer] serves to protect and modify the selected biological, physical, and chemical properties of the coated material. Increases in chemical stability, changes in biocompatibility, and a modified surface structure are examples of the effects caused by the formation of carbon coatings. In the current study, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were coated with a carbon nanolayer (IONP@C) in a plasmochemical reactor (using radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition methods) under various experimental conditions. Based on data from X-ray diffraction, Raman, and IR spectroscopy, the best processing parameters were determined in order to produce a carbon coating that would not change the structure of the IONP. The materials with the best cover, i.e., a uniform carbon nanolayer, were used in cytotoxic tests to investigate their biological properties using the human HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cell line and chicken embryo red blood cells as an in vitro model. The obtained results proved the low cytotoxicity of Fe3O4 micropowder and IONP in contrast to IONP@C, which reduced cell viability, increased hemolysis, and generally was more toxic than bare Fe3O4.

scholarly journals Microbicidal Properties and Cytocidal Selectivity of Rhesus Macaque Theta Defensins

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 944-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dat Tran ◽  
Patti Tran ◽  
Kevin Roberts ◽  
George Ösapay ◽  
Justin Schaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaque ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Chloride Treatment ◽  
Low Ionic Strength

ABSTRACT Rhesus macaque θ-defensins (RTDs) are unique macrocyclic antimicrobial peptides. The three RTDs (RTD 1-3), isolated from macaque leukocytes, have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities in vitro and share certain structural features with acyclic porcine protegrins, which are microbicidal peptides of the cathelicidin family. To understand the structural features that confer the respective cytocidal properties to θ-defensins and protegrins, we determined and compared the biological properties of RTD 1-3 and protegrin 1 (PG-1) in assays for antimicrobial activity, bacterial membrane permeabilization, and toxicity to human cells. RTD 1-3 and PG-1 had similar microbicidal potencies against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans in low-ionic-strength (10 mM) buffers at pH 7.4. The inclusion of physiologic sodium chloride partially inhibited the microbicidal activities of the RTDs, and the degree of inhibition depended on the buffer used in the assay. Similarly, the inclusion of 10% normal human serum partially antagonized the bactericidal activities of all four peptides. In contrast, the microbicidal activities of PG-1 and RTD 1-3 against E. coli were unaffected by physiologic concentrations of calcium chloride and magnesium chloride. Treatment of E. coli ML35 cells with RTD 1-3 or PG-1 rapidly rendered the bacteria permeable to ο-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside, and this was accompanied by the rapid entry of the RTDs. Finally, although PG-1 was toxic to human fibroblasts and caused a marked lysis of erythrocytes, the RTDs were not cytotoxic or hemolytic. Thus, compared to PG-1, RTD 1-3 possess substantially greater cytocidal selectivity against microbes. Surprisingly, the low cytotoxicity of the RTDs did not depend on the peptides’ cyclic conformation.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Six Vibrio parahaemolyticus Lytic Bacteriophages From Seafood Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia Wanq Tan ◽  
Yaya Rukayadi ◽  
Hanan Hasan ◽  
Noor-Azira Abdul-Mutalib ◽  
Nuzul Noorahya Jambari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Stability

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a foodborne pathogen that is frequently isolated from a variety of seafood. To control this pathogenic Vibrio spp., the implementation of bacteriophages in aquaculture and food industries have shown a promising alternative to antibiotics. In this study, six bacteriophages isolated from the seafood samples demonstrated a narrow host range specificity that infecting only the V. parahaemolyticus strains. Morphological analysis revealed that bacteriophages Vp33, Vp22, Vp21, and Vp02 belong to the Podoviridae family, while bacteriophages Vp08 and Vp11 were categorized into the Siphoviridae family. All bacteriophages were composed of DNA genome and showed distinctive restriction fragment length polymorphism. The optimal MOI for bacteriophage propagation was determined to be 0.001 to 1. One-step growth curve revealed that the latent period ranged from 10 to 20 min, and the burst size of bacteriophage was approximately 17 to 51 PFU/cell. The influence of temperature and pH levels on the stability of bacteriophages showed that all bacteriophages were optimally stable over a wide range of temperatures and pH levels. In vitro lytic activity of all bacteriophages demonstrated to have a significant effect against V. parahaemolyticus. Besides, the application of a bacteriophage cocktail instead of a single bacteriophage suspension was observed to have a better efficiency to control the growth of V. parahaemolyticus. Results from this study provided a basic understanding of the physiological and biological properties of the isolated bacteriophages before it can be readily used as a biocontrol agent against the growth of V. parahaemolyticus.

scholarly journals Crystal engineering of exemestane to obtain a co-crystal with enhanced urease inhibition activity

IUCrJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Saima Fatima ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
M. Iqbal Choudhary ◽  
Sammer Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Geometric Analysis ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Urease Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Crystal Stability ◽  
Urease Inhibition Activity

Co-crystallization is a phenomenon widely employed to enhance the physio-chemical and biological properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Exemestane, or 6-methylideneandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, is an anabolic steroid used as an irreversible steroidal aromatase inhibitor, which is in clinical use to treat breast cancer. The present study deals with the synthesis of co-crystals of exemestane with thiourea by liquid-assisted grinding. The purity and homogeneity of the exemestane–thiourea (1:1) co-crystal were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction followed by thermal stability analysis on the basis of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Detailed geometric analysis of the co-crystal demonstrated that a 1:1 co-crystal stoichiometry is sustained by N—H...O hydrogen bonding between the amine (NH2) groups of thiourea and the carbonyl group of exemestane. The synthesized co-crystal exhibited potent urease inhibition activity in vitro (IC50 = 3.86 ± 0.31 µg ml−1) compared with the API (exemestane), which was found to be inactive, and the co-former (thiourea) (IC50 = 21.0 ± 1.25 µg ml−1), which is also an established tested standard for urease inhibition assays in vitro. The promising results of the present study highlight the significance of co-crystallization as a crystal engineering tool to improve the efficacy of pharmaceutical ingredients. Furthermore, the role of various hydrogen bonds in the crystal stability is successfully analysed quantitatively using Hirshfeld surface analysis.

Preventive effects of the antioxidant and antigenotoxic Achyrocline satureioides extract against zearalenone-induced mammal cytogenotoxicity and histological damage

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
M.C. Sabini ◽  
L.N. Cariddi ◽  
F.M. Escobar ◽  
F. Mañas ◽  
D. Roma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Achyrocline Satureioides

Zearalenone (ZEN), a Fusarium’s mycotoxin, is immunotoxic, genotoxic, hepatonephrotoxic and, affects the reproductive system. ZEN induces toxic and genotoxic effects on humans and other animals. Achyrocline satureioides has several medicinal properties. Moreover, the aqueous extract of A. satureioides is a safe agent that exerts low cytotoxicity and no genotoxicity. This extract is a promissory candidate to counteract ZEN effects. The present study aimed to investigate the capacity of cold aqueous extract from A. satureioides to protect against ZEN multi-target toxicity in different experimental mammal models. Anticytotoxicity was evaluated by neutral red uptake and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium reduction assays. Comet assay and micronuclei test, oxidative stress (TBARs), and histopathological damage were evaluated in Balb/C mice. Anticytotoxic studies indicated that cold aqueous extract (100 and 300 μg/ml) protected from damage induced by ZEN (50 μg/ml) on Vero cells. In vivo studies indicated that ZEN (40 mg/kg body weight) induced an increase of genotoxicity: micronuclei (34 MNPCE/1000 PCE) and increase of damage (tail moment) in blood cells. Also, it increased lipid peroxidation in liver and kidneys and generated several histopathological alterations in both organs. Cold aqueous extract (100 mg/kg body weight) protected from genotoxicity induced by ZEN in both tests. Cold aqueous extract, also, reduced the lipid peroxidation and histopathological damage in liver and kidneys. In conclusion, the cold aqueous extract of A. satureioides that contains bioactive flavonoids prevents the multi-target toxicity induced by ZEN improving all the parameters evaluated in vitro and in vivo, which is a valuable and original finding in order to develop future treatments for human and veterinary medicine.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds Diminish Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus Aureus Clinical Strains

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Miklasińska-Majdanik ◽  
Małgorzata Kępa ◽  
Robert Wojtyczka ◽  
Danuta Idzik ◽  
Tomasz Wąsik
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

There is a growing body of evidence that flavonoids show antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The mechanisms of action of phenolic compounds on bacterial cell have been partially attributed to damage to the bacterial membrane, inhibition of virulence factors such as enzymes and toxins, and suppression of bacterial biofilm formation. What is more, some natural polyphenols, aside from direct antibacterial activity, exert a synergistic effect when combined with common chemotherapeutics. Many studies have proved that in synergy with antibiotics plant flavonoids pose a promising alternative for therapeutic strategies against drug resistant bacteria. In this review most recent reports on antimicrobial action of polyphenols on Staphylococcus aureus strains are described, highlighting where proven, the mechanisms of action and the structure–activity relationships. Since many reports in this field are, to some extent, conflicting, a unified in vitro and in vivo susceptibility testing algorithms should be introduced to ensure the selection of effective antibacterial polyphenolic compounds with low cytotoxicity and minimal side effects.

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