scholarly journals Quality of the Education System and Economic Growth. Projections in the Case of Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 949-961
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bouzahzah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Education System ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Cognitive Achievement ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
Incremental Increase

In this paper we use the simulation model developed by Hanushek and Woessman (2011) to assess the economic impact of a reform of the Moroccan education system that would improve the cognitive achievement levels of students, as measured by the PISA score tests. We consider three alternative scenarios to be compared to the economic situation without reform of the education system, referred as "status quo". Our work allows to predict future economic growth that Morroco would achieve through the incremental increase in students’ test scores over a period of 76 years, i.e. the expected life expectancy of a person born today. The results show that the discounted value of expected economic flows over the period 2021-2097 would represent between 149.8 and 718.2% of Morocco's current GDP, depending on the reform scenarios. Similarly, GDP per capita could be increased by up to 1.89 percentage points per year in the long run. Our results show that the expected economic gains from a reform of the education system would be much greater than its budgetary cost. In the conclusion, several public policies based on these results are discussed.

Brazil and Russia: Different Trajectories of Development?

2012 ◽  
pp. 92-104
Author(s):  
G. Irishin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The World

This publication represents the materials of the regular academic seminar “The current problems of development” conducted by the Center of the problems of development and modernization within IMEMO. The attention of the key speakers and other seminar participants is focused on the comparison of the two BRICS countries – Brazil and Russia. The main emphasis is made on the analysis of the trends of social development. The point is that the quality of human capital determines the quality of economic growth, as well as the country's place in the world in the long run.

scholarly journals AID AND GROWTH IN BANGLADESH: A REASSESSMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 422-440
Author(s):  
Sharif Hossain ◽  
Rajarshi Mitra ◽  
Thasinul Abedin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita

Although the amount of foreign aid received by Bangladesh as a share of GDP has declined over the years, Bangladesh remains one of the heavily aiddependent countries in Asia. The results of most empirical studies that have examined the effectiveness of foreign aid or other forms of development assistance for economic growth have varied considerably depending on the econometric methodology used and the period of study. As the debate and controversy over aid-effectiveness for economic growth continue to grow, this paper reinvestigates the short-run and long-run effects of foreign aid received on percapita real income of Bangladesh over the period 1972–2015. A vector error correction model is estimated. The results indicate lack of any significant short-run and long-run relation between foreign aid and per-capita real income. Results further indicate short-run unidirectional causalities from per-capita real GDP to domestic investment (in proportion to GDP), from government expenditure (in proportion to GDP) to inflation rate, from inflation rate to domestic investment (in proportion to GDP), and from domestic investment to foreign aid (as percentages of GDP). Short-run bidirectional causality is observed between per-capita electricity consumption and per-capita real GDP, and between per-capita real GDP and government expenditure (in proportion to GDP).

scholarly journals Does the Export-Led Growth Hypothesis Hold for Services Exports in Emerging Economies?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Okpeku Lilian ONOSE ◽  
◽  
Osman Nuri ARAS ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Growth Hypothesis

The export-led growth hypothesis states a positive relationship between the growth of exports and long-run economic growth. This study examines the validity of the export-led growth hypothesis of services exports in 5 emerging economies, including Brazil, India, Nigeria, China, and South Africa (BINCS), for the period of 1980-2019. The study employs the panel mean group autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) procedure to identify a causal relationship between services exports and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. The findings show that the export-led growth hypothesis in services only has a positive effect on economic growth in the short run while other variables, including foreign direct investment (FDI), gross capital formation, and labour, increase economic growth in the long run. Hence, the emerging countries should focus more on internal investment to boost growth in the long and short run.

scholarly journals Government Size and Economic Growth in Vietnam: A Panel Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 17-39
Author(s):  
THÀNH SỬ ĐÌNH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Government Size ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
A Share

The effect of government relative size on economic growth is a contentious issue. This paper is undertaken to test the relationship between government size and economic growth in Vietnam. The study is a panel data investigation, involving 60 provinces over the period 1997–2012. Various measures of government size are defined: provincial government expenditure as a share of gross provincial product (GPP), provincial government revenue as a share of GPP, real provincial government expenditure per capita, and real provincial government revenue per capita. Empirical estimates are employed by conducting Difference Generalized Method of Moments method proposed by Arellano and Bond (1991) and Pooled Mean-Group method by Pesaran, et al. (1999). These tests reveal: (i) provincial government expenditure (revenue) as a share of GPP has a significantly negative effect on economic growth; and (ii) the real government expenditure (revenue) per capita has a significantly positive effect on economic growth. It is also found that the long-run and short-run coefficients of government expenditure size are significant and negative, that the correction mechanism from the short run disequilibrium to the long run equilibrium is not convergent, and that government employment has a negative correlation with economic growth.

scholarly journals Economic Development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhina Vadyza
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Capita Output

Economic growth is a process of increasing per capita output that occurs continuously in the long run. Economic growth is one indicator of the success of development. Increasingly increasing economic growth usually increases people's welfare. While economic development is an effort to increase per capita income by processing potential economic forces into the real economy through investment, increasing knowledge, increasing skills, using technology, adding management skills and organizing.Economic growth is also related to the increase in "per capita output". The theory must include theories about GDP growth and theories about population growth. Then the third aspect is economic growth in a long-term perspective, that is, if for a long period of time the per capita output shows an increasing tendency.The distribution of income distribution in Indonesia is increasingly uneven. This can be seen from the increasing Indonesian Gini Index. As is known, the Gini index measures the income distribution of a country. The size of the Gini index Between 0 (zero) to 1 (one), the Gini index Equal to 0 (zero) indicates the index that the income distribution is perfectly equal, while the Gini index is 1 (one ) shows that the income distribution is totally uneven. Based on the data, the Indonesian Gini index continues to increase from year to year.The state of income distribution in Indonesia since 1970 can be said not to improve, this is caused by many factors, including the First production factor market (input market) which is the increase in labor supply which results in excess labor, low labor wages and limited employment opportunities in urban areas resulting in unemployment and urban slums.Second, land ownership. Land distribution is the main determinant of the extent of poverty and income distribution.

NON-LINEAR EFFECTS OF TERRORISM ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN PAKISTAN: ACCOUNTING FOR CAPITAL PER WORKER AND STRUCTURAL BREAKS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1950014
Author(s):  
RONALD RAVINESH Kumar ◽  
SYED JAWAD HUSSAIN SHAHZAD ◽  
PETER JOSEF STAUVERMANN ◽  
NIKEEL Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Capital Share ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita

In this study, we examine the asymmetric effects of terrorism and economic growth in Pakistan over the period 1970–2016, while considering the role of capital per worker and structural breaks. We use the non-linear ARDL approach to establish the long-run association and to estimate the short-run and long-run effects accordingly. The results indicate the presence of asymmetries in both long and short run. Moreover, 1% decrease in terrorism results in an increase of per capita income by 0.02% in the long run and 0.001% in the short run. Assuming symmetry, the long run capital share is 0.47. In asymmetric relation, a 1% increase in capital share increases output by 0.55%, whereas a 1% decrease in capital stock decreases output by 0.26%. The break effects show that the years 1993 and 2004 have negative effects on growth. The vector error correction model-based causality results indicate a unidirectional causality from terrorism to per capita income. Overall, the results highlight that terrorism is growth retarding.

Physical Capital, Production of the Energy and Time of Natural Resources’ Exhaustion

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Malaczewski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Optimal Consumption ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita

The aim of this paper is to analyze long-run economic growth of the economy endowed with natural resources. In the model we assume that natural resources are the main source of the energy necessary to power physical capital. We also assume existence of second type of physical capital that does not need energy. We consider optimal consumption per capita – maximizing behaviour of the economy, and also analyze the time of exhaustion of natural resources.

Sustaining Long-Run Growth and Macroeconomic Stability in Low-Income Countries—The Role of Structural Transformation and Diversification

Policy Papers ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Per Capita

Diversification and structural transformation play important roles in influencing the macroeconomic performance of low-income countries (LICs). Increases in income per capita at early stages of development are typically accompanied by a transformation in a country’s production and export structure. This can include diversification into new products and trading partners as well as increases in the quality of existing products.

scholarly journals Human Capital and Regional Economic Growth in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-80
Author(s):  
Boris Alekhin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita

This study examines the contribution of human capital accumulation to regional economic growth using panel data for 82 subjects of the Russian Federation over 2002–2019. This paper aims to test the hypothesis that in the long-run equilibrium there exists a connection between economic growth and human capital accumulation in the regions of Russia. From the point of view of econometrics, it would mean that we should refute the hypothesis that there is no cointegration of time series describing the aforementioned variables. General theoretical framework was drawn from the neoclassical growth theory, and panel data econometrics suggested the appropriate empirical methodology. Pooled mean group and fully modified least squares estimators were applied to an autoregressive distributed lags model based on the Solow model. The results indicate that accumulation of human capital has a positive and statistically significant long-term impact on the rate of growth of per capita income and that these variables are cointegrated. Such calculations allow us to make the following conclusions: per capita GRP is cointegrated with physical and human capital on the regional level. The cointegrating equation ‘explained’ more than 90% of per capita GRP variance. Human capital accumulation had a significant positive impact on per capita GRP growth in the long run; such impact exceeded the impact of physical capital accumulation. The positive impact of human capital accumulation on per capita GRP growth surpassed the negative elasticity of growth GRP by the amount of resource excluded from the real sector to provide support to students and maintain the regional education system. The paces at which regional economies were heading towards the steady state differed which is an evidence that there exist an incredible manifold of ways and means for regions to adjust to disbalancies

scholarly journals Dynamic linkages between renewable energy, carbon emissions and economic growth through nonlinear ARDL approach: Evidence from Iran

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253464
Author(s):  
M. S. Karimi ◽  
S. Ahmad ◽  
H. Karamelikli ◽  
D. T. Dinç ◽  
Y. A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita

This study examines the relationship between economic growth, renewable energy consumption, and carbon emissions in Iran between 1975–2017, and the bounds testing approach to cointegration and the asymmetric method was used in this study. The results reveal that in the long run increase in renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions causes an increase in real GDP per capita. Meanwhile, the decrease in renewable energy has the same effect, but GDP per capita reacts more strongly to the rise in renewable energy than the decline. Besides, in the long run, a reduction of CO2 emissions has an insignificant impact on GDP per capita. Furthermore, the results from asymmetric tests suggest that reducing CO2 emissions and renewable energy consumption do not have an essential role in decreasing growth in the short run. In contrast, an increase in renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions do contribute to boosting the growth. These results may be attributable to the less renewable energy in the energy portfolio of Iran. Additionally, the coefficients on capital and labor are statistically significant, and we discuss the economic implications of the results and propose specific policy recommendations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document