Sex Differences in the Dynamic Component of Postural Balance in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 442-446
Author(s):  
Taisiya P. Shiryaeva ◽  
◽  
Anatoliy V. Gribanov ◽  
Denis M. Fedotov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Rate Of Ageing

Gait and balance disorders are common in older adults and represent a multifaceted problem resulting from a combination of natural involutional processes and various pathological conditions. However, to date, the dynamic component of postural balance in older adults remains poorly studied. In order to determine sex differences in the dynamic component of postural balance, 40 older men and 40 older women were tested (Sit-to-Stand, Walk Across, Tandem Walk, Step/Quick Turn, Step-Up-and- Over tests) using the computer-aided stabilometric complex Balance Master. The research found that in older women, the parameters of the dynamic component of postural balance are more intact than in men, probably due to a slower rate of ageing.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular consequences of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex: effects of age and sex

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (5) ◽  
pp. H1013-H1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Smith ◽  
Andrew M. Alexander ◽  
Shane M. Hammer ◽  
Kaylin D. Didier ◽  
Stephanie P. Kurti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Muscle Metaboreflex ◽  
Resistive Breathing ◽  
Younger Men

With inspiratory muscle metaboreflex activation, we hypothesized that, compared with their younger counterparts, older men and women would exhibit greater 1) increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and limb vascular resistance (LVR) and 2) decreases in limb blood flow (Q̇L) but 3) no sex differences would be present in older adults. Sixteen young adults [8 young men (YM) and 8 young women (YW), 18–24 yr] and 16 older adults [8 older men (OM) and 8 older women (OW), 60–73 yr] performed inspiratory resistive breathing tasks (IRBTs) at 2% and 65% of their maximal inspiratory pressure. During the IRBTs, breathing frequency was 20 breaths/min with a 50% duty cycle. At baseline and during the IRBTs, MAP was measured via automated oscillometry, Q̇L was determined via Doppler ultrasound, and LVR was calculated. The 65% IRBT led to significantly greater increases in MAP in OW (15.9 ± 8.1 mmHg) compared with YW (6.9 ± 1.4 mmHg) but not ( P > 0.05) between OM (12.3 ± 5.7 mmHg) and YM (10.8 ± 5.7 mmHg). OW (−20.2 ± 7.2%) had greater ( P < 0.05) decreases in Q̇L compared with YW (−9.4 ± 10.2%), but no significant differences were present between OM (−22.8 ± 9.7%) and YM (−22.7 ± 11.3%) during the 65% IRBT. The 65% IRBT led to greater ( P < 0.05) increases in LVR in OW (48.2 ± 25.5%) compared with YW (19.7 ± 15.0%), but no differences ( P > 0.05) existed among OM (54.4 ± 17.8%) and YM (47.1 ± 23.3%). No significant differences were present in MAP, Q̇L, or LVR between OM and OW. These data suggest that OW exhibit a greater inspiratory muscle metaboreflex compared with YW, whereas no differences between OM and YM existed. Finally, sex differences in the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex are not present in older adults. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Premenopausal women exhibit an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex compared with young men; however, it is unknown whether these sex differences are present in older adults. Older women exhibited a greater inspiratory muscle metaboreflex compared with premenopausal women, whereas no differences were present between older and younger men.

Abstract 17438: Sex Differences and Temporal Trends in Revascularization and Outcomes of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Older Adults in the United States

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun Pattisapu ◽  
Hua Hao
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Older Men ◽  
St Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
To Receive

Background: Prior studies have suggested that women with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have higher in-hospital mortality risk than younger men with STEMI. However, there is a significant STEMI risk in older patients. We analyzed temporal trends and sex differences in revascularization and other in-hospital outcomes in older STEMI patients. Methods: National Inpatient Sample databases from 2005 to 2014 were utilized to identify all STEMI patients with age greater than 60 years old. We studied the temporal trends and sex differences in revascularization therapies and in-hospital mortality. Results: There were N=192,204 older adults diagnosed with STEMI. Older women with STEMI were less likely to undergo coronary angiography (adjusted OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.88 to 0.93) and receive reperfusion (percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) adjusted OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.87 to 0.92) compared to older men. Also, the adjusted odds ratio comparing the likelihood of receiving PCI between women and men decreased by an annual average of 0.9% (P=0.028). Older men were more likely to receive PCI on Hospital Day 0 compared to older women. There was a decreasing trend in both sexes for use of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), though older men consistently underwent CABG more often than older women (Figure). Older women had higher in-hospital mortality than men (adjusted OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.17). However, the differences decreased with increasing patient age. There was no significant change in adjusted in-hospital mortality in both genders (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Older women were less likely to receive revascularization for STEMI than men, and this gap increased over the study period. Older women had higher in-hospital mortality compared with older men, but there was no significant temporal change for both genders. Further research is needed to identify the reasons why older women receive less revascularization.

scholarly journals Body mass index and mild cognitive impairment among rural older adults in China: the moderating roles of gender and age

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yemin Yuan ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Peipei Fu ◽  
Zhengyue Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older People ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Low Bmi ◽  
Rural Older Adults

Abstract Background Evidence concerning the association between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive function among older people is inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate gender and age as moderators in association between BMI and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among rural older adults. Methods Data were derived from the 2019 Health Service for Rural Elderly Families Survey in Shandong, China. In total, 3242 people aged 60 years and above were included in the analysis. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used to examine the moderating roles of gender and age, then further to explore the relationship between BMI and MCI. Results There were 601 (18.5%) participants with MCI. Compared with normal BMI group, low BMI group had a higher risk of MCI among older people [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–3.44], women (aOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.35–3.12), or the older elderly aged ≥75 years old (aOR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.34–7.45). This effect remained statistically significant among older women (aOR = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.69–6.73). Among older men, elevated BMI group had a higher risk of MCI (aOR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.17–4.61) than normal BMI group. Conclusions Gender and age moderated the association between BMI and MCI among Chinese rural older adults. Older women with low BMI were more likely to have MCI, but older men with elevated BMI were more likely to have MCI. These findings suggest rural community managers strengthen the health management by grouping the weight of older people to prevent the risk of dementia.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Resilience Among Older Taiwanese Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deleon Fergus ◽  
Yi-Hua Chen ◽  
Ying-Chih Chuang ◽  
Ai-Hsuan Ma ◽  
Kun-Yang Chuang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Gender Impacts

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether gender impacts potential associations between social relationships, sociodemographic, health and behavioural factors with resilience among older Taiwanese adults. Methods High and low resilience of older adults was determined based on the median value of the Friborg’s Resilience Scale. An independent sample t-test, χ2, and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine predictors for resilience which were then stratified by gender. Results Older women were less likely to be resilient than older men. Marital status, age, financial stress, and satisfaction with one's living environment were only significant in women. Traditional gender roles in the wider Taiwanese context can be attributed to these differences. Conclusions The relationships between gender, sociodemographics, health, and social and behavioural factors with resilience provide unique insights into how culture shapes trends in data.

scholarly journals Objectively assessed physical activity patterns and physical function in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study in Taiwan

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e034645
Author(s):  
Ming-Chun Hsueh ◽  
Ru Rutherford ◽  
Chien-Chih Chou ◽  
Jong-Hwan Park ◽  
Hyun-Tae Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Daily Step ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Single Leg Stance

ObjectivesTo objectively assess light physical activity (PA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), step counts and number of 10 min MVPA bouts and their association with physical function among older adults.DesignCross-sectional design.SettingUrban community setting in Taiwan.Participants127 Taiwanese older adults aged over 65 years (mean age=70.8±5.3 years; 72% women).Primary and secondary outcome measuresTriaxial accelerometers were used to measure PA variables for 10 hours/day for seven consecutive days. Then, five physical function components (handgrip strength, single-leg stance, 5-metre walk speed, timed up and go and sit-to-stand test) were measured. Multiple linear regressions were used to perform separate analyses for older men and women.ResultsFor older women, daily MVPA time (β: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.64; p=0.004), daily step counts (β: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.78; p=0.009) and number of 10 min MVPA bouts (β: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.53; p=0.049) were positively associated with handgrip strength after adjusting for accelerometer wear time, sedentary time and other confounders. Furthermore, daily MVPA time was positively associated with a single-leg stance (β: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.49; p=0.036) and higher daily step counts were associated with shorter walking speed performance (β: −0.31, 95% CI: −0.57, −0.001; p=0.049). None of the variables of the objectively assessed PA patterns was associated with physical function outcomes among older men due to their small sample size.ConclusionsDaily MVPA, MVPA bouts of at least 10 min and accumulated daily steps are important for improving physical function among older women. Future prospective research should establish causal associations between PA patterns and functional ability among older adults.

scholarly journals Oral Health Matters- Tooth Problem and its Treatment-seeking Behaviour Among Older Adults in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobhit Srivast ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Debashree Sinha ◽  
Prem Shankar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
National Level ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Effective Sample Size ◽  
Age Group

Abstract Background: Growing untreated morbidities among the older adults on geriatric issues especially an optimal dental treatment has become an unfinished agenda and a long-neglected area for care and management in many low and middle-income countries. There is a continuous rise in the older population in India and at the same time, the rising of co-morbidities or multi-morbidities in the aging population creates catastrophic challenges at the individuals, household, community, and country levels, and therefore, it is important to address dental health problems and related issues in the aged population in India. The study aims to understand the prevalence of dental health problems and their health-seeking behaviour among older adults in India. Further, the study determines the factors associated with low access and under-coverage of dental health care services among the elderly populations in IndiaMethods: The present research used data from Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India (BKPAI) which was a national level survey and was conducted in 2011, across seven states of India. The effective sample size of this study was 9541 older adults aged 60+ years. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used to fulfill the study objectives. Additionally, the study employed the Heckprobit selection model which is a two-equation model to understand the determinants of dental health problems.Results: Older adults in the age group of 70-79 years (36.9%) and 80+ years (51.9%) reported higher dental problems compared to 60-69 years (19.9%), older women reported more dental problems (29.2%) and also used more dental aids (12.6%) compared to older men. Older adults in the age group 70-79 and 80+ years were 0.15 times and 0.40 times less likely to use dental aids respectively, as compared to 60-69 years older adults. Moreover, older women were 0.28 times more likely to use dental aids than older men. Education and wealth of older adults have a negative relationship with dental problems.Conclusion: This study clearly emphasized that awareness of smoking-related health problems should be promoted vigorously. Further, a holistic approach is needed to prevent dental diseases that occur because of other co-morbidities. For that, integration of the oral health program with programs dealing with morbidities can act as a solution to the existing problem.

scholarly journals DIETARY INTAKE AND NUTRITIONAL RISK AMONG OLDER AMERICANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S939-S939
Author(s):  
Yeon Jin Choi ◽  
Jennifer A Ailshire ◽  
Eileen Crimmins
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Average Consumption

Abstract A suboptimal diet and nutritional deficiency are among the leading causes of chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, cancer, and osteoporosis), morbidity, and mortality. The objective of this study is to assess dietary intake and nutritional risk among older Americans. The dietary intake of 15 food and nutrients that are closely associated with the risk of poor health was assessed based on the dietary guidelines and nutritional goals for older Americans using a nationally representative sample of older adults (N=7,737) in the Health and Retirement Study Health Care and Nutrition Survey. The average consumption of most food and nutrients was out of the optimal range. For example, older men and women consumed 1.32-1.35 cups of dairy products and 1.23-1.29 ounces of whole grains, which is less than half of the suggested amount. The average consumption of sodium, on the other hand, was over 12 times greater than suggested dietary recommendation for older men and about 10 times greater for older women. The nutritional risk index (range: 0–15) was created by summing the number of dietary risk factors (not meeting the dietary guidelines and nutritional goals), the index scores for older men and older women were 11.05 (SD=2.31) and 10.09 (SD=2.60) respectively, suggesting the high level of nutritional risk. A healthy diet should be encouraged to prevent chronic diseases and improve the health of older adults. Nutritional education may be an effective way to promote a healthy diet.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Trajectory Classes of Social Engagement and Sex Differences for Older Adults in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8322
Author(s):  
Linglong Ye ◽  
Jian Xiao ◽  
Ya Fang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Healthy Longevity

This study aimed to identify the heterogeneous trajectory classes of social engagement among older adults in China and examine sex differences to determine how sociodemographic characteristics and health status impact these trajectory classes. A sample of 8117 participants aged ≥65 years from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey was included. Growth mixture modeling was conducted to estimate the trajectory classes of social engagement. Logistic regression was adopted to analyze the associations between individual characteristics and trajectory classes. Three trajectory classes of social engagement were identified: the high-decline (35.3%), medium-decline (57.6%), and low-increase (7.1%). Men were less likely to be in the medium-decline and low-increase classes than women. Older men benefited from economic factors more than women. Education exhibited a stronger protective effect on the high-decline class for older women. High physical functioning might enable older adults with the lowest initial level of social engagement to make efforts to engage in social activities, which was stronger for older men than women. For both men and women, a proper cognitive state and positive emotions were in favor of social engagement. These findings are valuable for achieving sex equity in social engagement development for healthy and active aging.

scholarly journals Sarco-Osteoporosis: Prevalence and Association with Frailty in Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Jiao Wang ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Jun-Kun Zhan ◽  
Zhi-Yong Tang ◽  
Jie-Yu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Older People ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Chinese Older People ◽  
Osteoporosis Prevalence ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

The aim was to apply AWGS criteria to estimate the prevalence of sarco-osteoporosis and investigate its relationship with frailty, in a sample of 316 community-dwelling Chinese older people. Regression analysis was performed using frailty as the dependent variable. The results showed that the prevalence rate of sarco-osteoporosis was 10.4% in older men and 15.1% in older women. ≧80 years old (OR 4.8; 95% CI, 3.05–10.76;P=0.027), women (OR 2.6; 95% CI, 1.18–2.76;P=0.036), and higher level of comorbidity (OR 3.71; 95% CI, 1.61–10.43;P=0.021) were independently associated with the likelihood of being sarco-osteoporosis. In the frail group, sarco-osteoporosis occurred in 26.3% of men, in 38.5% of women, and in lower proportion in the prefrail (13.6% of men; 16.2% of women) and nonfrail group (1.6% of men; 1.9% of women) (P<0.05, resp.). Furthermore, the likelihood of being frail/prefrail was substantially higher in the presence of sarco-osteoporosis (OR 4.16; 95% CI, 2.17–17.65;P=0.019in men; and OR 4.67; 95% CI, 2.42–18.86;P=0.007in women). The results indicate that patients with sarco-osteoporosis are more likely to be ≧80 yrs with higher burden of comorbidities and to have frailty/prefrailty, especially for women.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Neighborhood Walking in Older Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1280-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Ambrose Gallagher ◽  
Philippa J. Clarke ◽  
Kimberlee A. Gretebeck
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Efficacy Outcome ◽  
Design Characteristics

Objective: This study examined mobility, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, neighborhood (density, destinations, and design), and neighborhood walking in older men ( n = 106, 60-99 years, M = 76.78, SD = 8.12) and women ( n = 216, 60-99 years, M = 75.81, SD = 8.46). Method/Results: In hierarchical regression, the variables explained 32% of the variance in neighborhood walking in men ( p < .001) and 27% of the variance in women ( p < .01). Self-efficacy (β = .49, p < .01), density (β= .22, p < .05), and design (β= .21, p = .05) were associated with walking in men. Significant design characteristics included sidewalks (β= .25, p < .05) and crime (β= .36, p < .01). In women, self-efficacy (β= .48, p < .001) and destinations (β= .15, p < .05) were associated with walking. Walking was associated with self-efficacy for walking despite individual barriers in women (β= .38, p < .001) and neighborhood barriers in men (β= .30, p < .05). Conclusion: Walking interventions targeting older women should incorporate local destinations. In older men, interventions should consider neighborhood sidewalk design and crime. Walking interventions for all older adults should include enhancement of self-efficacy, but gender differences may exist in the types of self-efficacy on which to focus.

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