scholarly journals Height-for-age in Children under 5 Years Old with Down Syndrome and Hypothyroidism

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Children Under 5

scholarly journals Comparison of anthropometric indicators to predict mortality in a population-based prospective study of children under 5 years in Niger

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran S O’Brien ◽  
Abdou Amza ◽  
Boubacar Kadri ◽  
Beido Nassirou ◽  
Sun Y Cotter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Randomized Trial ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Anthropometric Indicators ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age ◽  
Children Under 5

AbstractObjective:In the present study, we aimed to compare anthropometric indicators as predictors of mortality in a community-based setting.Design:We conducted a population-based longitudinal study nested in a cluster-randomized trial. We assessed weight, height and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) on children 12 months after the trial began and used the trial’s annual census and monitoring visits to assess mortality over 2 years.Setting:Niger.Participants:Children aged 6–60 months during the study.Results:Of 1023 children included in the study at baseline, height-for-age Z-score, weight-for-age Z-score, weight-for-height Z-score and MUAC classified 777 (76·0 %), 630 (61·6 %), 131 (12·9 %) and eighty (7·8 %) children as moderately to severely malnourished, respectively. Over the 2-year study period, fifty-eight children (5·7 %) died. MUAC had the greatest AUC (0·68, 95 % CI 0·61, 0·75) and had the strongest association with mortality in this sample (hazard ratio = 2·21, 95 % CI 1·26, 3·89, P = 0·006).Conclusions:MUAC appears to be a better predictor of mortality than other anthropometric indicators in this community-based, high-malnutrition setting in Niger.

scholarly journals Association between socio-economic status and childhood undernutrition in Bangladesh; a comparison of possession score and poverty index

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1498-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masuda Mohsena ◽  
CG Nicholas Mascie-Taylor ◽  
Rie Goto
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Family ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age ◽  
Children Under 5

AbstractObjectiveTo determine how much of the variation in nutritional status of Bangladeshi children under 5 years old can be attributed to the socio-economic status of the family.DesignNutritional status used reference Z-scores of weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ). A ‘possession score’ was generated based on ownership of a radio, television, bicycle, motorcycle and telephone, and the availability of electricity, with categories of 0 to 4+ possessions. A five-point (quintile) ‘poverty index’ was created using principal component analysis.SettingThe Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2004 was the source of data.SubjectsA sample of 4891 children aged <5 years was obtained.ResultsSome 57·8 % of the sample was either stunted, wasted or underweight (7·7 % were stunted, wasted and underweight). Of those stunted (48·4 %), 25·7 % were also underweight. Underweight and wasting prevalences were 40·7 % and 14·3 %, respectively. Mean WAZ, HAZ and WHZ did not differ by sex. Children of mothers with no education or no possessions were, on average, about 1 sd more underweight and stunted than those with higher educated mothers or with 4+ possessions. The possession score provided much greater discrimination of undernutrition than the poverty index. Nearly 50 % of children from households with no possessions were stunted, wasted or underweight (only 27 % in the poorest quintile), compared with only 3–6 % of children from households with 4+ possessions (over 13 % in the richest quintile).ConclusionsMaternal education and possession score were the main predictors of a child’s nutritional status. Possession score was a much better indicator of undernutrition than the poverty index.

Ex post adjustment for measurement error in stunting calculations: an illustration from Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 776-781
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Figueroa ◽  
Sikandra Kurdi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Measurement Error ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Children Under 5

AbstractObjective:The present study provides ranges for the magnitude of bias caused by measurement error in stunting rates, a widely used a proxy for long-term nutritional status.Design:Stunting, which is determined by the number of cases that fall below −2 sd from the mean height-for-age in the population, mechanically increases with higher variance. This variance stems from both natural heterogeneity in the population and measurement error. To isolate the effect of measurement error, we model the true distributions which could give rise to the observed distributions after subtracting a simulated measurement error.Setting:We analyse information from three rounds of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in Egypt (2005, 2008 and 2014). Egypt ranks high among developing countries with low-quality anthropometric data collected in the DHS, currently the main source of anthropometry in the country.Participants:The study relies on re-analysis of existing DHS data, which record height, weight and age data for children under 5 years old.Results:Under the most conservative assumptions about measurement error, the stunting rate falls by 4 percentage points for the most recent DHS round, while assuming higher levels of measurement error reduces the stunting rate more dramatically.Conclusions:Researchers should be aware of and adjust for data quality concerns in calculating stunting rates for cross-survey comparisons or in communicating to policy makers.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impacts of protected areas on human well-being across the developing world

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. eaav3006 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Naidoo ◽  
D. Gerkey ◽  
D. Hole ◽  
A. Pfaff ◽  
A. M. Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Lower Likelihood ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Children Under 5

Protected areas (PAs) are fundamental for biodiversity conservation, yet their impacts on nearby residents are contested. We synthesized environmental and socioeconomic conditions of >87,000 children in >60,000 households situated either near or far from >600 PAs within 34 developing countries. We used quasi-experimental hierarchical regression to isolate the impact of living near a PA on several aspects of human well-being. Households near PAs with tourism also had higher wealth levels (by 17%) and a lower likelihood of poverty (by 16%) than similar households living far from PAs. Children under 5 years old living near multiple-use PAs with tourism also had higher height-for-age scores (by 10%) and were less likely to be stunted (by 13%) than similar children living far from PAs. For the largest and most comprehensive socioeconomic-environmental dataset yet assembled, we found no evidence of negative PA impacts and consistent statistical evidence to suggest PAs can positively affect human well-being.

scholarly journals The epidemiology of good nutritional status among children from a population with a high prevalence of malnutrition

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A Pryer ◽  
Stephen Rogers ◽  
Ataur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Face ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Children Under 5

AbstractObjectives:To identify socio-economic demographic and environmental factors that predict better height-for-age for children under 5 years of age in a Dhaka slum population.Design:A panel survey, conducted between 1995 and 1997. A random sample of households was selected. Socio-economic, demographic and environmental variables were collected monthly by questionnaire and nutritional status was assessed.Setting:Dhaka slums in Bangladesh.Subjects:Three hundred and ninety-two children, surveyed in September–November 1996.Main outcome measures:Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) above −2.Results:Thirty-one per cent of children had HAZ <−2. Logistic regression adjusted for cluster sampling showed that better nourished children were more likely to have taller mothers, to be from female-headed households and from families with higher income, electricity in the home, better latrines, more floor space and living in Central Mohammadpur. Better nourished children were less likely to have fathers who have taken days off from work due to illness.Conclusions:Interest in ‘positive deviance’ is motivated by the recognition that a focus on the malnourished only – the bottom tail of the distribution – provides indications of how families fail, but not of how they succeed in maintaining child nutrition in the face of adversity. Our analysis provides an alternative perspective on nutrition and vulnerability in an urban slum setting.

scholarly journals Prevalence of malnutrition among refugee children traveling on “Balkan Route”

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Spiroski ◽  
Danche Gudeva Nikovska
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Children Under 5

AbstractIntroduction:Undernutrition indicates a lack of the necessary energy, macro or micronutrients in person's dietary intake. Overnutrition usually refers to existence of overweight and obesity. The objective of our study was to assess the prevalence of both undernutrition and overweight and obesity among refugee children population, traveling on so-called “Balkan route” from Syria and Iraq towards Western Europe, temporally situated in two transit centers in Macedonia, one at the south of the country (camp Gevgelija) and one at north (camp Tabanovce).Methods:Total of 99 children aged 0 to 19 years were measured for their height and weight. Of those children 35 were at the age of 0 to 5 years and 64 at the age of 5 to 19 years. WHO's child growth standards and references were used to assess the nutritional status of measured children. Undernutrition was defined through stunting and wasting, as below -2 standard deviations (SD) of the Height-for-age and Weight-for-height indexes. Overweight and obesity were defined as above + 1 and + 2 SD of the z-score for BMI-for-age index respectively for children age 5 to 19 and above + 2 and + 3 SD for Weight-for-height index for children up to 5 years of age.Results:Out of all children are 0–5, 26,5% were stunted (95% CI 10.2–42.8), 31,3% of them boys and 22.2% girls. In this population of children 5.9% were moderately wasted (95% CI 0–15.3), almost all of them boys. Among children age 5–19, 20.6% were below -2 SD of the index Height-for age (95% CI 9.8–31.4), 19.4% of them boys and 22.2% girls. There were no obese children under 5 in both transit centers in Macedonia, and 11.8% were overweight (95% CI 0–24.1). Out of all children age 5–19, 23.4% were considered overweight or obese (95% CI 12.3–34.6), 19.4% of them boys and 28.6% girls, and 3.1% obese (95% CI 0–8.2).ConclusionsWhen compared to the prevalence of both undernutrition and overweight (including obesity) in children in Macedonia, refugee children have higher prevalence of stunting and wasting. Overnutrition coexisted with undernutrition in refugee children population, particularly among children age 5 to 19. Specific conditions and relatively small number of participants in the study should be taken into account when drawing general conclusions.

scholarly journals Growth of preschool children in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: regional and sociodemographic differences

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 458-469
Author(s):  
J. Hameida ◽  
L. Billot ◽  
J. P. Deschamps
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sociodemographic Differences ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age ◽  
Children Under 5

This cross-sectional study was performed in two regions of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. The aim was to study the growth and nutritional status of children under 5 years of age and the effect of socioeconomic factors on child development. Anthropometric indices [weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height] differed in the two regions. The prevalence of stunting was significantly higher among children from mainly rural Al Jabel Al Garby [6.1%] than those from urban Tripoli [2.5%]. The z-scores that correlated strongly with under-nutrition included: mother’s education, child’s age and sex, and region. Stunting was significantly related to age and region and to maternal education level and family size. Wasting was highly correlated with maternal education.

Alopecia areata and Down syndrome

1976 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 1397-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Alopecia Areata
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