scholarly journals The case of Capogrossi in Rome: criteria and limits in the retouching process of a contemporary mural painting

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Paola Mezzadri ◽  
Giancarlo Sidoti
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Acetate ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Mural Painting ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Rome Criteria ◽  
Sample Area ◽  
Conservation History ◽  
History Of

This paper focuses on the reintegration treatments studied for a contemporary mural painting, which was designed and carried out by the Italian artist Giuseppe Capogrossi in 1954. This forgotten masterpiece is located on the ceilings of the main double staircase at the entrance of the Airone, an ex-cinema theatre in Rome, which was designed and planned during the Fifties by the famous architects Adalberto Libera, Eugenio Montuori and by the engineer Leo Calini. After a brief introduction based on the conservation history of the building and on the painting itself, it will be described criteria and limits in the reintegration process of a sample area of this highly degraded polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) based mural. The materials selected in the reintegration project, based on natural polymers and synthetic polymers, will be theoretically compared with one another and it will be explained why some of these could be appropriate and effective, while others could not chromatically work in this particular case.

scholarly journals Johann Michael von Hermann (1793–1855): A predecessor of Max Schweidler?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 239-270
Author(s):  
Susanne Wagini ◽  
Katrin Holzherr
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Early History ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Conservation History ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paper Conservation

Abstract The restorer Johann Michael von Hermann (1793–1855), famous in the early nineteenth century, has long fallen into oblivion. A recent discovery of his work associated with old master prints at the Staatliche Graphische Sammlung München has allowed a close study of his methods and skills as well as those of his pupil Ludwig Albert von Montmorillon (1794–1854), providing a fresh perspective on the early history of paper conservation. Von Hermann’s method of facsimile inserts was praised by his contemporaries, before Max Schweidler (1885–1953) described these methods in 1938. The present article provides biographical notes on both nineteenth century restorers, gives examples of prints treated by them and adds a chapter of conservation history crediting them with a place in the history of the discipline. In summary, this offers a surprising insight on how works of art used to be almost untraceably restored by this team of Munich-based restorers more than 150 years before Schweidler.

Natural Polymers in Fast Dissolving Tablets

2021 ◽  
pp. 2859-2866
Author(s):  
Ratnaparkhi M.P. ◽  
Karnawat G.R. ◽  
Andhale R.S.
Keyword(s):  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Water Soluble Drug ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble Drug

Oral route is most preferable route of administration for various drugs, because it is convenient, economical, safest route. Fast dissolving tablets are popular nowadays, as they disintegrated in mouth within a few seconds without using water for swallow. Problems like Dysphagia in pediatric and geriatric patients have been overcome by formulating Fast dissolving tablet. Natural polymers are preferable because they are chemically inert, nontoxic, less expensive, biodegradable, and available easily than synthetic polymers. Natural polymers are obtained from the natural origin so they are devoid of any side effect. It is proved from the previous studies that Natural polymers are more-safe and effective than the synthetic polymers. Natural polymers improve the properties of tablet and they are used as binder, diluent, superdisintegrant, they also enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drug, decrease the disintegration time and provide nutritional supplement. The aim of the present article is to study various natural polymers used in fast dissolving tablets.

scholarly journals Conservation and Livelihood Conflict of Kaziranga National Park: A World Heritage Site of Assam, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
Arup Kumar Hazarika ◽  
Unmilan Kalita
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Natural Evolution ◽  
Conservation History ◽  
Kaziranga National Park ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wildlife Reserve

The conservation history of Kaziranga National Park has traversed many a path since it was first recognised as a ‘game sanctuary’ in 1916. The unique aesthetics and richness of its biodiversity, severely afflicted by natural and anthropogenic interventions now and then, has necessitated conservation of this wildlife reserve. An outcome of the conservation process pertains to disruptions in livelihood of the local communities, that have for generations, used the park’s natural resources and therefore, had become a part of its natural evolution. Hundreds of people have lost their livelihoods and violent confrontations have become a typical scene, with the communities being utterly left out of the conservation process. In this light, the present essay envisages discussing the centrality of community participation in the conservation of Kaziranga National Park vis-à-vis a conjugation of the conservation process and livelihood aspirations of the local people.

scholarly journals Biomaterials in ophthalmology: human cornea bioengineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 012-018
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Medical Engineering ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Cornea ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
Healthcare Practice

Medical engineering, as an auspicious conjunction between healthcare practice, biotechnology and materials science, has emerged over time with the aim to improve human’s health. Cornea, an essential part of the eye responsible for most of its optical power, suffers every day due to accidents or various diseases. To avoid complications and overcome limitations of conventional transplantation and other surgical procedures, biomaterials and bioprinting proved beneficial can be used to design optimal devices for corneal implantation. During medical evolution, biopolymers have been used especially in tissue engineering applications, due to their high elasticity and flexibility, adaptable optical properties and tunable microstructure. Natural polymers are well accepted by the body, their offer support for tissue regeneration and, in most cases, they are easy to obtain. Beside natural-derived biopolymers, synthetic polymers can be used in bioprinting to develop performance-enhanced platforms for corneal bioengineering. Bioprinting represents an innovative method to obtain a corneal implant and has the advantage to enable the facile control over some specific properties, such as thickness, color, elasticity or shape.

scholarly journals Deepening Inside the Pictorial Layers of Etruscan Sarcophagus of Hasti Afunei: An Innovative Micro-Sampling Technique for Raman/SERS Analyses

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3403
Author(s):  
Rossella Gagliano Candela ◽  
Livia Lombardi ◽  
Alessandro Ciccola ◽  
Ilaria Serafini ◽  
Armandodoriano Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Protective Layers ◽  
The Third ◽  
Conservation History ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Madder Lake

The Hasti Afunei sarcophagus is a large Etruscan urn, made up of two chalky alabaster monoliths. Dated from the last quarter of the third century BC, it was found in 1826 in the small town of Chiusi (Tuscany- Il Colle place) by a landowner, Pietro Bonci Casuccini, who made it part of his private collection. The noble owner’s collection was sold in 1865 to the Royal Museum of Palermo (today under the name of Antonino Salinas Regional Archaeological Museum), where it is still displayed. The sarcophagus is characterized by a complex iconography that is meticulously illustrated through an excellent sculptural technique, despite having subjected to anthropic degradation and numerous restorative actions during the last century. During the restoration campaign carried out between 2016 and 2017, a targeted diagnostic campaign was carried out to identify the constituent materials of the artefact, the pigments employed and the executive technique, in order to get an overall picture of conservation status and conservative criticalities. In particular, this last intervention has allowed the use of the innovative micro-sampling technique, patented by the Cultural Heritage research group of Sapienza, in order to identify the employee of lake pigments through SERS analyses. Together with this analysis, Raman and NMR technique have completed the information requested by restorers, for what concerns the wax employed as protective layers, and allowed to rebuild the conservation history of the sarcophagus. In fact, together with the identification of red ocher and yellow ocher, carbon black, Egyptian blue and madder lake, pigments compatible with the historical period of the work, modern pigments (probably green Paris, chrome orange, barium yellow, blue phtalocyanine) have been recognized, attributable with not documented intervention during the eighteenth and twentieth centuries.

Improved mechanical, physical and biological properties of chitosan films using Aloe vera and electrospun PVA nanofibers for wound dressing applications

2019 ◽  
pp. 152808371986693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Rafieian ◽  
Hamid Mahdavi ◽  
Mir Esmaeil Masoumi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Composite Layer ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Chitosan Films

Natural polymers such as chitosan and Aloe vera are widely used in novel wound dressings due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. A problem associated with these polymers is their poor mechanical behavior. Efforts have been made to improve the mechanical properties by mixing synthetic polymers such as PVA, but the role of chitosan and Aloe vera in the final dressing is dimmed. The techniques are also time-consuming and costly and there is still a need for an acceptable and affordable wound dressing which can be made through easily accessible techniques. A new but very simple method is introduced in this work for incorporating PVA nanofibers with Aloe vera-containing chitosan films. Using this method the levels of Aloe vera and chitosan in the system can be optimized at higher scales while benefiting from PVA best mechanical properties as a composite layer. Higher amounts of Aloe vera and chitosan in the system lead to lower product costs and more biocompability. The biological properties of films were examined through cell cytotoxicity and antibacterial tests and compared with Atomic force microscopy results. Physical and mechanical properties of films containing PVA nanofibers were characterized by water vapor permeability, swelling ratio, and tensile tests. The morphology of fibers before and after applying on the films was also observed by scanning electron microscopy. According to the results, this combination of natural and synthetic polymers has led to an affordable, biocompatible, and flexible film for wound dressing applications.

Structural and Morphological Features of Synthetic and Natural Polymers

1991 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Lotz
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Synthetic And Natural Polymers ◽  
Cross Fertilization ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

AbstractThe crystal structures and crystalline morphologies of natural and synthetic polymers are briefly reviewed. Analogies and differences between these two systems are presented. Several examples of cross-fertilization of research in the two fields are presented, with emphasis, among natural polymers, on fibrous polypeptides and proteins.

Study on the Hand Spinning Wheel in a Copy of the Mural Painting Collected by Mr. Liu Xianzhou

2011 ◽  
Vol 282-283 ◽  
pp. 497-504
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Xiao Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Han Dynasty ◽  
Mural Painting ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Image Information ◽  
Art Works ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Complete Investigation ◽  
Shape Changes

Many scholars have too much ignored the studies on the hand spinning wheel in ancient China, they drew some wrong conclusions based primarily on the hand spinning wheel in a copy of the mural painting collected by Mr. Liu Xianzhou. We aim to explain the history of hand spinning wheel in ancient China objectively. We made a complete investigation on the image information on the hand spinning wheel from the art works of the Han Dynasty, at the same time we analyzed referenced materials about the hand spinning wheel in ancient China. It is concluded that the mural painting itself is a counterfeit, and the process of shape changes of the hand spinning wheels in ancient China experienced three stages: the finger spinning wheel rotated by the spokes, the crank spinning wheel rotated by the spokes, the hand spinning cord wheel.

Odysseus on the Niobid Krater

1989 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. McNiven
Keyword(s):  
Classical Period ◽  
Mural Painting ◽  
Vase Painting ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
New Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Greek Art

The Niobid krater in Paris (Louvre G341) is not one of the masterpieces of Greek vase painting. The vase is not even one of the best works of the artist, who receives his name, the Niobid Painter, from the rare depiction of Apollo and Artemis killing the children of Niobe on the reverse. The vase is, however, one of the touchstones of the history of ancient Greek art. The Niobid krater has this distinction because it is the earliest contemporaneous witness to the new developments in mural painting in the Early Classical Period, developments best understood from the descriptions of the traveler Pausanias six centuries later. The actual quality of the Niobid krater is therefore secondary to its documentary value.Since the krater's discovery in 1881, most discussion has focused on the iconography of the scene on the obverse, showing a group of warriors with Athena (PLATE IIa). The ambiguity of the scene comes from the large number of figures and the lack of action or iconographical evidence to help in their identification. Of the 11 figures, only Herakles (figure 6 on PLATE IIb), with his club and lionskin and Athena (4) in her aegis and helmet are clearly identifiable.

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