scholarly journals Preoperative Transarterial Embolization of Malignant Tumors of the Extremities (Current State of the Problem) (Review)

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Ye.O. Solonitsyn ◽  
V.V. Protsenko
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Transarterial Embolization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Current State ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Summary. The article considers current issues of modern medicine, in particular the use of the method of transarterial embolization of blood vessels in the treatment of malignant tumors of the extremities. The purpose, indications, technical features and materials used for its implementation, as well as contraindications and complications are highlighted. Its efficiency in preparation of the patient for a surgery of musculoskeletal malignant tumor is considered. Analysis of the modern domestic and foreign literature shows that now indications for use of this method expand, and technical possibilities of the equipment and physical and chemical properties of materials improve. The issues of further study and development of the problem are outlined.

scholarly journals Diamonds on Diamond: structural studies at extreme conditions on the Diamond Light Source

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2036) ◽  
pp. 20130158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Single Crystal Diffraction ◽  
Diamond Anvil ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Extreme conditions (EC) research investigates how the structures and physical and chemical properties of materials change when subjected to extremes of pressure and temperature. Pressures in excess of one million times atmospheric pressure can be achieved using a diamond anvil cell, and, in combination with high-energy, micro-focused radiation from a third-generation synchrotron such as Diamond, detailed structural information can be obtained using either powder or single-crystal diffraction techniques. Here, I summarize some of the research drivers behind international EC research, and then briefly describe the techniques by which high-quality diffraction data are obtained. I then highlight the breadth of EC research possible on Diamond by summarizing four examples from work conducted on the I15 and I19 beamlines, including a study which resulted in the first research paper from Diamond. Finally, I look to the future, and speculate as to the type of EC research might be conducted at Diamond over the next 10 years.

scholarly journals On the Violence of High Explosive Reactions

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig M. Tarver ◽  
Steven K. Chidester
Keyword(s):  
High Explosive ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Subsequent Reaction ◽  
Energy Delivery ◽  
Current State ◽  
Slow Combustion ◽  
Shear Heating ◽  
Deposition Processes ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

High explosive reactions can be caused by three general energy deposition processes: impact ignition by frictional and/or shear heating; bulk thermal heating; and shock compression. The violence of the subsequent reaction varies from benign slow combustion to catastrophic detonation of the entire charge. The degree of violence depends on many variables, including the rate of energy delivery, the physical and chemical properties of the explosive, and the strength of the confinement surrounding the explosive charge. The current state of experimental and computer-modeling research on the violence of impact, thermal, and shock-induced reactions is briefly reviewed in this paper.

Innovative technologies for processing tungsten containing tails of the enrichment factory of Zhambyl

2020 ◽  
pp. 443-452
Author(s):  
A. S. Shevchenko ◽  
Yu. P. Morozov ◽  
M. R. Shautenov ◽  
I. H. Hamidulin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Centrifugal Separation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Industrial Implementation ◽  
Electrochemical Chlorination ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Achievements and current state of technology for processing of technogenic materials have been assessed. The goals and objectives of the research have been defined. New laboratory apparatuses for processing mineral raw materials have been developed and manufactured. Laboratory and experimental industrial research of methods of circulation concentration, flotation classification, electrochemical chlorination, turbulization centrifugal separation have been carried out. The methods efficiency was assessed. The results of study of physical and chemical properties and distribution of metals by size classes of tungsten containing tailings are given. Studies of tailings enrichment by gravity, flotation and electrochemical enrichment methods are carried out. It is shown that for preliminary processing it is rational to use the method of circulation concentration. The methods of flotation classification, molybdenum flotation of a collective concentrate, electrochemical leaching of copper from a concentrate from flotation classification, turbulization centrifugal separation of products of tin flotation have been investigated. The innovative technology has been developed for processing complex tungsten containing tailings, based on research on a sample of tungsten containing tailings in the Zhambyl enrichment plant of the Kara-Oba deposit. This technology opens wide opportunities for processing of technogenic products and is offered for industrial implementation.

scholarly journals A Practical Review of the Laser-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for University Laboratories and Synchrotron Applications

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Anzellini ◽  
Silvia Boccato
Keyword(s):  
Diamond Anvil Cell ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
In Situ Techniques ◽  
Diamond Anvil ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Laser Heated ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In the past couple of decades, the laser-heated diamond anvil cell (combined with in situ techniques) has become an extensively used tool for studying pressure-temperature-induced evolution of various physical (and chemical) properties of materials. In this review, the general challenges associated with the use of the laser-heated diamond anvil cells are discussed together with the recent progress in the use of this tool combined with synchrotron X-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy.

Science for Art's Sake

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Brunetta
Keyword(s):  
Fine Arts ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Last Supper ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Marshall College ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Victorian men placed fig leaves over those parts of classical statues they didn't want their wives and children to see. Yet it's easy for someone looking at those statues today to assume that the leaves play some part in the Roman and Greek concepts of physical beauty.A fig leaf may be the most blatant breach of an artist's original inspiration you'll encounter in a museum, but it's not likely to be the only one. Other more subtle transgressions are displayed in nearly every gallery and museum in the country—but unmasking them takes more than just a discerning eye. For instance, did the 17th-century painter see the world as quiet and subdued, or have his bright colors been muted by a 19th-century varnish? Did the classical sculptor intend his work to have an even, green patina, or has the Renaissance infatuation with antiquity allowed this corrosion to hide his varying shades of burnished bronze? Did Leonardo conceive the face of the Christ of “The Last Supper” as speaking, or silent, as his overpainters would have it?“Modern conservators really make us think about objects, says Carol Faill, administrator of college collections at Franklin & Marshall College. “There's been a consciousness raising about objects' own integrity.” Art and science are being used together as never before to gain an understanding of the physical and chemical properties of materials and their role in the fine arts.

Introduction to the Nanoworld

2010 ◽  
Vol 444 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Wautelet
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quantum Effects ◽  
Magnetic Behaviour ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Nanosciences and nanotechnology (NST) constitute currently a major research field all over the world. NST deal with the study of phenomena and manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at the larger scale. The properties of materials can be different at the nanoscale for two main reasons : size and quantum effects. Effects negligible at the macroscopic level become important at the nanometer scale, and vice versa. Scaling laws are described in order to understand some differences. Moreover, geometric arguments are necessary to understand the origin of some physical and chemical properties of nanosystems. On the other hand, quantum effects can begin to dominate the behaviour of matter at the nanoscale – particularly at the lower end – affecting the optical, electrical and magnetic behaviour of materials. The characteristic dimensions for which the properties change from the “macro-“ to the “nano-“ regimes are discussed.

Nondestructive Evaluation for Materials Characterization

1988 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Green
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Materials Characterization ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractIn recent years classical nondestructive testing techniques for detecting macroscopic defects have been augmented by more sophisticated nondestructive evaluation methods for characterizing the microstructure and associated physical and chemical properties of materials. This paper will briefly describe several such nondestructive evaluation methods developed in the Center for Nondestructive Evaluation (CNDE) at The Johns Hopkins University.

Toxic Effects of Engineered Nanoparticles on Living Cells

2016 ◽  
pp. 35-68
Author(s):  
Manel Bouloudenine ◽  
Mohamed Bououdina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Current State ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Measuring toxic effects of engineered nanoparticles on living cells would require a deep understanding of themselves by the mean of their composition, physical and chemical properties and exposure concentrations. Actually, high exposure concentrations are needed to generate quantifiable effects and to perceive accumulation above background. This chapter presents an overview on the assessment about the toxic effects of engineered nanoparticles on living cells. It consists of three main sections starting with a brief introduction, the current state of engineered nanoparticles in the environment, physical and chemical properties of some important engineered nanoparticles such as “Ag, Au, ZnO, TiO2” and the target organ toxicity of the engineered nanoparticles in several biological organisms.

Comprehensive Review on pH and Nutrients Detection Sensitive Materials and Methods for Agriculture Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Akshaya Kumar ◽  
S. K. Naveen Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This review article elaborates the pH and nutrients detection sensitive materials and methods along with their principle of operations, merits, demerits, and application area. The sensitive materials used in the sensors react with the analytes and shows variation in electrical, physical, chemical, biological and optical parameters. The glass probe method, optical light spectroscopy, ion-selective electrodes, ion-selective field effective transistors, electrochemical interdigitated conductimetric method and microcantilever methods are the predominant techniques to detect the pH and nutrients in various medium. Most of the researchers have discussed the fabrication of pH and nutrients sensors individually in various applications, but very few numbers of sensitive materials and techniques discussed to detect the pH and nutrients in the soil. There is a strong relationship between pH and nutrients in the soil based on a number of important physical and chemical properties of the soil. We are strongly recommending that soil pH and nutrients measuring sensors can develop through the combinational approach of pH and nutrients with the help of nanostructured materials, seems to be more effective for agriculture applications.

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