FEATURES OF FIRE-EXPLOSIVE PROPERTIES, EXTINGUISHING METHODS AND SAFE STORAGE CONDITIONS OF AMMONIUM NITRATE

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Леонид Петрович Вогман ◽  
Александр Валерьевич Ильичев ◽  
Владимир Александрович Зуйков ◽  
Евгений Евгеньевич Простов ◽  
Дмитрий Вадимович Долгих
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Safe Storage ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Explosive Properties ◽  
The Baltic

В соответствии с российскими нормами хранение аммиачной селитры, как правило, должно осуществляться в отдельностоящих одноэтажных складских зданиях не ниже II степени огнестойкости. При этом максимально допустимое количество хранимой селитры в пределах пожарного отсека не должно превышать 5000 т, в то время как в странах Прибалтики (Латвия, Эстония) допускается единовременное хранение 25 000 т и более. В работе предпринята попытка расчетно-аналитическим путем обосновать унификацию требований пожарной безопасности российских и зарубежных норм хранения аммиачной селитры. The storage of ammonium nitrate usually should be realized in separate single-story warehouse structures of at least II degree of fire resistance in accordance with Russian standards. At the same time, the maximum allowable amount of stored ammonium nitrate within the fire compartment should not exceed 5000 tons, while the simultaneous storage of 25000 or more tons is allowed in the Baltic countries (Latvia, Estonia). Authors attempt to substantiate the unification of fire safety requirements for ammonium nitrate storage in Russian and foreign standards by calculation and analysis.

Calculation and Analytical Substantiation of the Limiting Values of Ammonium Nitrate Mass During Storage in the Warehouses and Terminals

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
L.P. Vogman ◽  
◽  
A.V. Iliychev ◽  
E.E. Prostov ◽  
D.V. Dolgikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Emergency Ventilation ◽  
Limiting Values

On the basis of theory of stationary thermal explosion of A.D. Frank-Kamenetsky, depending on the temperature of the critical size of the ammonium nitrate embankment, the calculations were performed, which show that it can be stored in the large volumes at the temperatures up to 30 °C. On the contrary, at the temperatures above 100 °C (for example, at 200 °C), the decomposition of nitrate occurs with acceleration and can lead to an explosion. Based on the studies performed, it is shown that the changes and additions to the fire safety requirements for ammonium nitrate storage in the buildings and structures should be determined by the requirements for fire resistance of buildings (at least II degree of fire resistance), for the purity of the product and its packaging, for the exclusion of contacts with organic substances and materials, storage conditions. Additional fire safety requirements were developed for inclusion in the normative document regarding ammonium nitrate storage. Ammonium nitrate is allowed to be stored in one-story warehouse buildings of at least II degree of fire resistance, structural fire hazard class C0. The floor area within the fire compartment should not exceed 10 500 m2. Between the fire-fighting walls of the 1st type, it is allowed to store no more than 25 000 tons of nitrite in bulk or in the special bags, as well as in the soft specialized containers for bulk products in accordance with GOST 2—2013.The conditions for placing ammonium nitrate in the stacks should be accepted in accordance with the requirements of SP 92.13330.2012. Temperature in the storage room of ammonium nitrate should not exceed 30 °C with a relative humidity of not more than 60 %. Warehouses for storing ammonium nitrate should be equipped with general exchange supply and exhaust and (or) emergency ventilation, in order to exclude the formation of a fire and explosion hazardous environment in the room during the decomposition of ammonium nitrate. Warehouses for storing ammonium nitrate in an amount of not more than 5 thousand tons may be separated from other premises, including from the warehouses for fertilizers and pesticides, by solid (without openings) type 2 fire walls.

ANALYSIS OF COMPLIANCE OF THE ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION PART OF THE PROJECT WITH FIRE PROTECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS TO ENSURE SECURITY AT SOCIAL FACILITIES IN THE SERVICE SECTOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Alla Zvyaginceva ◽  
Svetlana Sazonova ◽  
Valeriy Popov
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Systematic Survey ◽  
Successful Work ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
Technical Solutions

A systematic survey of compliance of the architectural and construction part of the project with fire safety requirements for basic indicators that ensure fire resistance and fire safety of the building was carried out. Engineering and technical solutions to ensure fire safety of the building and protection of people by deterministic factors have been installed. Structural and planning solutions to prevent the spread of fire in the building of the object were diagnosed. Technical solutions are formulated: for evacuation routes and exits, for fire protection and communication systems of the building, for ensuring measures that ensure the successful work of firefighters to extinguish a fire.

scholarly journals Problematic issues of quality, certification and tests of fire-fighting technical production

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 14023
Author(s):  
Tatiana Eremina ◽  
Mikhail Nesterov ◽  
Dmitry Korolchenko ◽  
Anatoly Giletich
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Quality Certification ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Technical Production ◽  
Technical Regulations

The paper analyzes the compliance of products with the requirements of the "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements". In the conditions of rapid growth of industry, production and output of products using new technologies with the use of new substances and materials, there is a need for the state and society to respond adequately to all kinds of risks that may arise in the use of products, especially if such products are subject to mandatory requirements. One of the types of such products is fireproof paints, varnishes and coatings - Fire Retardant Coatings (hereinafter – FRC). Application of FRC is based on increasing the fire resistance of building structures to the level regulated by the existing regulations depending on the degree of fire resistance of the building. Frequently, problems with FRC quality are only detected at the stage of checking the performance of fire protection works when applying FRC which do not meet the fire safety requirements.

Updating of the National Normative Base in the Field of Ensuring Fire Safety of Electrical Wiring

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
G.I. Smelkov ◽  
◽  
V.A. Pekhotikov ◽  
A.I. Ryabikov ◽  
A.A. Nazarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Theoretical Terms ◽  
Constant Attention ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Electrical Wiring ◽  
Technical Regulations ◽  
Fire Conditions

In Russia every year, according to the statistics, the most fire hazardous types of electrical installations are electrical wiring, from which 65 % of fires occurred in 2019, associated with all the types of electrical installations. Considering the urgency of the problem, the Federal Research Budgetary Institution of the All-Russian Order of the Badge of Honor, the Research Institute of Fire Defense pays constant attention to increasing the level of fire prevention studies. One of the most important tasks in the institute activities in this Проблемы, суждения 35Безопасность Труда в Промышленности • Occupational Safety in Industry • № 11'2020 • www.safety.ru field is the development, updating, modification and harmonization of the national normative base regulating fire safety requirements and methods for assessing the fire safety of electrical installations, and, above all, of course, electrical wiring. The fundamental regulatory documents are the Technical Regulations TR EEU 043/2017 and the Federal Law of 22. 07. 2008 № 123-FZ «Technical regulations on fire safety requirements», in the development of the electrical section of which the authors of the article took an active part. Particular attention here deserves Clause 2 of Article 82, which regulates the requirements for fire resistance (operability) of cable lines and electrical wiring systems for fire protection of the objects under fire conditions, and Сlause 8 of the same article, which imposes the requirements that were awaited for a long time by all the branches of industry, agriculture, housing construction and, first of all, of course, power engineers and employees of the fire service: «Cables laid openly must be flame retardant». The requirement applies to all the objects, regardless of their functional fire hazard. Over the past three years, the Institute carried out a large scientific research and rule-making work on the revision, development and substantiation of the proposed solutions for new editions of the interstate standards for various types of electrical wiring using: molded electrical wiring products, cables of increased fire resistance under fire conditions, fire retardant cable coatings and cable penetrations. In theoretical terms, the interest is in the proposed by the authors a calculation method for assessment of electrical products fire hazard, based on the stochasticity of emergency modes that cause their failure and ignition.

Model for assigning security objects to a specific risk category in the field of fire safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
D. V. Zobkov ◽  
◽  
A. A. Poroshin ◽  
A. A. Kondashov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Acceptable Risk ◽  
Individual Object ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Risk Categories

Introduction. A mathematical model is presented for assigning protection objects to certain risk categories in the field of fire safety. The model is based on the concepts of the probability of adverse effects of fires causing harm (damage) of various extent and severity to the life or health of citizens, and the acceptable risk of harm (damage) from fires. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the study is to develop the procedure for assigning protection objects to a certain category of risk of harm (damage) based on estimates of the probability of fires with the corresponding severity consequences, to determine the acceptable level of risk of harm (damage) due to the fires, to calculate and develop numerical values of criteria for assigning objects of protection to the appropriate risk categories. Methods. The boundaries of the intervals corresponding to certain risk categories are determined by dividing the logarithmic scale of severity of adverse effects of fires into equal segments. Classification methods are used to assign objects of protection to a specific risk category. Results and discussion. Based on the level of severity of potential negative consequences of a fire, risk categories were determined for groups of protection objects that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and by functional fire hazard classes. The risk category for each individual object of protection is proposed to be determined using the so-called index of "identification of a controlled person" within a group of objects that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and class of functional fire hazard. Depending on the risk category, the periodicity of planned control and supervision measures in relation to the specific object of protection under consideration is determined, taking into account its socio-economic characteristics and the state of compliance with fire safety requirements by the controlled person. Conclusions. To develop criteria for classifying protection objects that are homogeneous in terms of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes, the probability of negative consequences of fires, that are causing harm (damage) of various extent and severity to the life or health of citizens, and the acceptable risk of causing harm (damage) as a result of fires, is used. The risk category for each individual object of protection is determined taking into account socio-economic characteristics of the object that affect the level of ensuring its fire safety, as well as the criteriaof integrity of the subordinate person that characterize the probability of non-compliance with mandatory fire safety requirements at the object of protection. Calculations are made and numerical values of criteria for assigning protection objects that are homogeneous in terms of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes to a certain category of risk are proposed. Key words: object of protection, probability of fire, acceptable level of risk, risk category, dangerous factor of fire, death and injury of people.

Features of The Proceedings on Administrative Offenses Initiated for Violation of Fire Safety Requirements

2019 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
A. K. Sabirova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Administrative Legislation ◽  
Administrative Punishment ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Administrative Proceedings ◽  
Made In

The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of administrative proceedings instituted for violations of fire safety requirements, including important changes made in the relevant area of the administrative legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the analysis of the legislative possibility of applying administrative punishment in the form of administrative suspension of activities for non-compliance with the requirements of the federal state firefighters oversight (including named changes).

scholarly journals PIH13 Consumption of Drugs for the Treatment of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia in Ukraine Compared to the Baltic Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S541
Author(s):  
L. Iakovlieva ◽  
O. Tkachova ◽  
N. Bezditko ◽  
O. Gerasymova ◽  
T. Bahlai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Benign Prostate

scholarly journals Case Study on Fire Resistance of Sandwiches for Means of Transport

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Pavel Koštial ◽  
Zora Koštialová Jančíková ◽  
Robert Frischer
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aluminum Honeycomb ◽  
Heat Loads

These days there are undeniably unique materials that, however, must also meet demanding safety requirements. In the case of vehicles, these are undoubtedly excellent fire protection characteristics. The aim of the work is to experimentally verify the proposed material compositions for long-term heat loads and the effect of thickness, the number of laminating layers (prepregs) as well as structures with different types of cores (primarily honeycomb made of Nomex paper type T722 of different densities, aluminum honeycomb and PET foam) and composite coating based on a glass-reinforced phenolic matrix. The selected materials are suitable candidates for intelligent sandwich structures, usable especially for interior cladding applications in the industry for the production of means of public transport (e.g., train units, trams, buses, hybrid vehicles).

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