New regulatory requirements for selector valves of gas fire extinguishing systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Сергей Николаевич Копылов ◽  
Алексей Васильевич Казаков ◽  
Дмитрий Викторович Бухтояров ◽  
Николай Васильевич Смирнов
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Draft Standard ◽  
Similar Term ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Open Position ◽  
Interstate Standard

Статья посвящена изучению современного уровня требований к распределительным устройствам, которые являются одним из основных элементов централизованных установок газового пожаротушения. Приведен краткий анализ указанных устройств, изготавливаемых в России. На основе действующих нормативных документов, а также опыта проведения сертификационных испытаний устройств в нашей стране и за рубежом разработан проект межгосударственного стандарта. Введение новых нормативных требований к распределительным устройствам установок газового пожаротушения, содержащихся в данном документе, позволит повысить их технические характеристики до уровня передовых серийно изготавливаемых изделий, а также ограничий применение наиболее устаревших технических решений. Selector valves are one of the main elements of centralized automatic gas fire extinguishing systems. They carry out the passage of a gas extinguishing agent in the supply directions to one of several objects of protection. The centralized storage and selective supply of fire extinguishing gas to one of several objects of protection lead to more economical use of gas that reduces the material costs for fire extinguishing system. Currently, the Russian industry has mastered the serial production of selector valves for various working pressures. The draft interstate standard was developed on the basis of existing regulatory documents and contains new requirements and test methods for selector valves. The draft interstate standard contains the term “working pressure”, which is consistent with the similar term from ISO 16003:2008, in which the widely used foreign term “maximum working pressure” is not used. In order to comply with ISO 16003:2008, the manual starting force of the selector valve is increased from 150 N to 180 N when switching on with the hand. The minimum duration of the electric starting impulse is limited to 2 seconds, and the maximum value is not normalized. There are introduced requirements for monitoring methods for closed and open position of the valve locking body in service, and for quickly manual closing the valve after activation. It will improve the technical characteristics to the level of advanced mass-produced products. When developing the draft standard, the main provisions of international and European standards in this area are taken into account.

Respiratory Effectiveness of Cloth Masks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Pourdeyhimi ◽  
Simon Schick ◽  
Robert Groten ◽  
Hooman Vahedi Tafreshi
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Regulatory Requirements

The shortage of medical masks and respirators led to an explosion of cloth mask offerings.  In the absence of any regulatory requirements, and appropriate guidance, the medical masks vary greatly in their performance and have become more of a fashion item.    We review the filtration mechanisms and test methods and show data on common offerings.  Almost exclusively, the data suggest that cloth masks do not offer much of a protection, and many are poorly designed with only the pressure drop and fogging in mind; these compromise the performance of the entire mask. While cloth masks do not offer significant respiratory protection, it is still critical that masks are worn during pandemics regardless in that they do reduce the number of aerosols expelled by the wearer.

Research on Fire Test Method of High Pressure Hydrogen Storage Cylinders for Transportation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Jiepu Li ◽  
Baodi Zhao ◽  
Chunlin Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Fire Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Industry Chain ◽  
Gas Cylinder ◽  
Fire Condition ◽  
Chinese Standard ◽  
Gas Cylinders

Abstract As important equipment in the entire hydrogen industry chain, composite hydrogen storage cylinders for transportation have developed rapidly in recent years. The fire test is used to verify the explosion resistance of gas cylinders under specified fire conditions. Compared to steel gas cylinder, composite gas cylinder is more dangerous in the fire condition. The wound layer, as the main pressure-bearing structure of the composite hydrogen storage cylinder, is inflammable. In the case of fire, the mechanical properties of the cylinder will degrade quickly due to the high temperature. If the gas inside the cylinder cannot be discharged in time, the cylinder explosion will occur. Currently, some relevant standards or standard drafts have been drawn up by the international organizations, which are useful for formulating Chinese standard for hydrogen storage cylinders for transportation. The applicable scope of the standards was discussed in this paper, such as composite cylinder type, working pressure, nominal volume and design life, etc. The fire test methods of composite gas cylinders in various standards were compared and analyzed, such as experiment method, cylinder placement method, cylinder filling requirements, fuel selection, fire source setting, temperature measurement requirements, and qualified indicators, etc. Finally, the challenges for development of composite hydrogen storage cylinders and compressed hydrogen storage systems in China were proposed.

scholarly journals Problems of the dynamic test method for individual protection equipment (shock absorbers)

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 05034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Korolchenko ◽  
Vasily Vasilenko ◽  
Georgy Lelikov
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Shock Absorbers ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Protective Performance

This paper examines issues of safety of high-altitude works, using individual protection equipment to prevent falling from a height. In particular, the paper reviews personal protective equipment - shock absorber, its dynamic characteristics and related test methods to meet the requirements of Technical Regulations 019/2011 “Safety of Individual Protection Equipment”. The paper discusses the differences between the Russian and European standards for dynamic characteristic testing of shock absorbers, even as the former are harmonized texts of the latter, and the effect of such differences on protective performance of shock absorbers and ultimately on safety of works on heights. It have been shown that tests, conducted in accordance with the Russian regulative documents for dynamic performance of the shock absorbers, entail decreasing in safety usage of such type of IPE and increasing in injuries during falls from a height. It has been defined necessity to actualize the range of the testing system of shock absorbers, and to admit its larger value that will cause increase in protective properties of shock absorbers.

scholarly journals Development of an Interstate Standard for Testing Procedures for Fruit and Berry Harvesters

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
E.E. Podolskaya ◽  
◽  
E.V Bondarenko ◽  
I.S. Belimenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Interstate Standard

Regulations that specify the requirements for fruit and berry harvesters during testing have been determined. The necessity of developing an interstate standard for test methods and software for evaluating these machines in accordance with the new interstate standard is substantiated. The main provisions of the prepared document and uptodate software for accelerated processing and analysis of test results are presented.

scholarly journals Loads in hip disarticulation prostheses during normal daily use

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nietert ◽  
N. Englisch ◽  
P. Kreil ◽  
G. Alba-lopez
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Structural Testing ◽  
Uneven Surface ◽  
Hip Prostheses ◽  
Draft Standard ◽  
Everyday Situation ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Lower Limb Prostheses

As a result of deficiency at birth, disease or trauma, there are people who have no limbs from the hip joint downwards. These people have no possibillity of locomotion without the use of other devices such as wheelchairs or hip disarticulation prostheses. As these prostheses are used by people of all ages, people who are different in their grade of physical activities and their weights, the prostheses are subject to different stresses related to these different circumstances. The European Level 2 Draft Standard prEN 12523: 1966 “External limb prostheses and external orthoses — requirements and test methods” contains strength requirements for lower limb prostheses. These requirements shall be verified, where appropriate, by the application of the International Standard ISO 10328 “Prosthetics — Structural testing of lower limb prostheses” and ISO/FDIS 15032 “Prosthetics: Structural testing of hip prostheses”. In order to allow the prostheses to be tested to the stresses that are experienced in real life, it is necessary to measure the stress that is induced in the prostheses while the patient is in an everyday situation, such as walking on level floor, walking on grass and/or walking on an uneven surface. This work is concerned with the acquisition of loads generated in hip units of hip disarticulation prostheses by amputees during various activities. More than 30 patients were tested in Germany, France, and Belgium. The measurements were carried out with financial support from the European Commission and coordinated by the secretariat of CEN TC 293.

Strength of the semitrailer’s roof in the aspect of road traffic safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 285-293
Author(s):  
Mirosław Nader ◽  
Krzysztof Kielczyk
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
European Standards

Stable and slidable roofs of the semitrailers are usually characterized by low weight and easy handling, which equals directly into comfort of use, longevity of the system and the time needed to open or close. However, not always an operational advantages of roofs go hand in hand with their durability, especially in the snowfall situation or sudden changes of the road lane by a set of vehicles: a truck tractor – a semitrailer. The analysis of homologation regulations shows that today there are no precise requirements and physical testing / strength methods for assembled roofs of the semitrailers as components. The test methods for complete vehicle bodies (including the roof), which have destructive nature, are described in European standards, e.g. EN 12642:2017 "Securing of cargo on road vehicles – Body structure of commercial vehicles – Minimum requirements" [6], internal German regulations, e.g. VDI 2700:2004 "Securing of loads on road vehicles" [8] or Directive DCE 9.5:2008 ”Load security for transportation of load containers on utility vehicles in road traffic” [7]. A non-destructive, possible to perform, testing method for the roof as a component - is calculation method. The results of the performed tests allow to conduct development works over improving the vehicle’s system security (including the introduction of new semitrailers roofs design solutions and verification of existing ones). The carried out strength tests give possibilities to optimize and adapt the roofs to the transported loads, e.g. stable lifting roofs used in transport of divisible loads, or sliding roofs used in the transport of non-separate loads. The strength testing of the semitrailer’s roofs is highly justified from the point of view of securing the load and safety of passengers, drivers and other road users primarily. The requirements and limitations of the mentioned testing methods are not - in the authors opinion - 100% of realistic and possible deformation during the real vehicle’s road traffic. On the other hand, the cited documents exists as recognized regulators in the international arena of the road traffic legislation. The work’s aim is demonstrating the benefits of using reinforced roofs in all types of the semitrailer’s bodyworks.

Modern Regulatory Requirements for Gas Fire Extinguishing to Improve the Safety of Facilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
N.V. Smirnov ◽  
◽  
A.V. Kazakov ◽  
D.V. Bukhtoyarov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Combustion Time ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Flammable Liquids ◽  
Fire Experiment ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Selection Of

To implement the technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union «On the requirements for fire safety and fire extinguishing equipment» (TR EAEU 043/2017), modern regulatory requirements were developed based on the advanced domestic and foreign research in order to increase the efficiency of using automatic gas fire extinguishing installations. The domestic methodology of experimental determination of the gas extinguishing concentration in the fire chamber has a number of advantages in comparison with the foreign analogues. It is established that it is necessary to take into account the conditions of fire experience for the selection of equipment for a fire extinguishing installation with FK-5-1-12 in the process of its design, in order to ensure more complete evaporation of the liquid phase of FK-5-1-12 after leaving the nozzles. An assumption was substantiated that allows setting the normative concentration of fire extinguishing gases at the level of heptane without conducting a fire experiment to extinguish fires of flammable liquids with a flash point of more than 61 оC. In this case, the concentration value can be taken 15 % less than according to the requirements of ISO 12854: 2009. Experimental studies on extinguishing smoldering materials with gases were conducted. It was established that nitrogen, CO2, freons 114B2 and 227ea at a concentration for extinguishing heptane eliminate not only flame combustion, but also smoldering if the free combustion time does not exceed 3 min. With free combustion for more than 6 minutes, reliable suppression of smoldering is achieved when the oxygen content in the volume of the fire chamber is up to 2.5 % vol. The results of the experiments were taken into account in the draft norms for the design of fire extinguishing installations. Additional requirements were developed for gas fire extinguishing containers and selector valves, which will make it possible to exclude the use of low-quality or obsolete products as part of gas fire extinguishing installations in the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union. The developed modern requirements are included in the drafts of new regulatory documents, which were publicly discussed, and are at the approval stage.

Analysis of Water Jet Trajectory of Auto-Targeting Fire Sprinkler System in Interior Large Space

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Ming Long ◽  
Guo Liang Hu ◽  
Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Jet Trajectory ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trajectory Equation ◽  
Fire Sprinkler

Auto-targeting fire sprinkler system is an intelligent fire extinguishing equipment that used in interior large space. An auto-targeting fire sprinkler system was designed; the compositions and working principle were also expounded in detail. The water trajectory equation was deduced and simulated by Matlab software according to the principle of particle kinematics, ballistics, and fluid mechanics. The relationship among working pressure, pitch angle, installation height and jet range, flow landing speed was analyzed. The results show that the fire sprinkler system can satisfy the design requirements, and the water trajectory equation basically concides with the actual situation, which can provide some theoretical references for the fire precision location.

scholarly journals Considerations regarding test methods against dust and water ingress protection for Ex equipment

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
pp. 00048
Author(s):  
Niculina Vătavu ◽  
Mihaela Părăian ◽  
Sorin Vătavu ◽  
Mihai Popa
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Water Ingress ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Normal Degree ◽  
Explosion Protection ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Explosion Risk

The explosion danger in all industries where explosive atmospheres generated by the mixture of combustible dusts or flammable gases with air may form, must be treated as a major hazard, as the explosions that may occur can seriously affect both health and safety people, as well as the environment. It is therefore necessary to assess the explosion risk and to establish appropriate measures to reduce it to acceptable levels in accordance with the requirements of the European Directives. An essential element in the assessment of the explosion risk for electrical and non-electrical equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres is the way in which an appropriate normal degree of protection is provided through the equipment housing (protection against touching of dangerous parts inside the equipment housing and protection against the ingress of dust and water inside it). The aim of the paper is to highlight compliance with the requirements of the ATEX Directive, given that this protection is a basic requirement for explosion protection and to present the important elements to be considered for the assessment of the normal degree of protection and the development of harmonized test methods with the requirements of European standards.

scholarly journals ON THE EXPERIMENTAL RATIONALE OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF FIRE-FIGHTING LAYFLAT DELIVERY HOSES FOR FIRE-RESCUE EQUIPME

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (156) ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
V. Prisyajnyuk ◽  
S. Semychayevsky ◽  
M. Yakimenko ◽  
M. Osadchuk ◽  
V. Svirskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Burst Pressure ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Requirements Specifications ◽  
European Standards

The urgency of the necessity of experimental substantiation of quality indicators of the fire-fighting layflat hoses for fire – rescue equipment and methods of their estimation is noted, taking into account the modern approaches set out in European standards. The results of experimental researches of fire-fighting layflat hoses for fire – rescue equipment by quality indicators are presented: resistance of the hoses to the action of working hydraulic pressure, resistance of the hoses to the action of the proof hydraulic pressure, burst pressure and abrasion resistance. Delivery fire hoses are one of the main types of fire fighting equipment. Delivery fire hoses in the course of operation undergo mechanical wear, are exposed to the sun's rays, microbiological putrefactive processes, accidental ingress of chemically active substances, the influence of low and high temperatures, irreversible processes of material aging. All this causes the appearance of defects of different nature. Analysis of the causes of failure of delivery fire hoses showed that of all failures more than 60% are fistulas, as well as breaks and disruptions of heads - 30% and 10% respectively. The analysis of the presence and nature of defects during the regular testing of workers and decommissioned fire hoses showed that the defects are divided into: explicit (gusts and fistulas) that violate the tightness of the hoses; visible cuts, abrasions, missing and chemical corrosion from contamination of fuel and lubricants that do not violate the tightness of the hoses; hidden (unnoticed cuts, breaks in the threads of the power frame, etc.) that do not violate the tightness of the hoses. Studies have shown that only 75% of defects are detected during hydraulic testing, and undetected defects result in hoses failing in a fire. To date, requirements for assessing the quality of delivery fire hoses for fire - fighting equipment in Ukraine are set out in the standard DSTU 3810-98. At the same time, these requirements are to some extent obsolete and do not meet the current regulations of the leading countries in the world on this issue. In view of the above, it is urgent to experimentally justify the quality indicators of the fire-fighting layflat hoses for fire – rescue equipment and methods of their evaluation, taking into account the modern approaches set out in European standards. The results of the pilot studies will be used to justify the provisions of the draft national standard of Ukraine that will be developed and to improve the existing test base. Keywords: abrasion, burst pressure, experimental research, fire – rescue equipment, layflat delivery fire hoses,, proof pressure, quality indicators, technical requirements, specifications, working pressure

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