Interaction principles between the parameters of flows consisting of people with limited mobility

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Валерий Васильевич Холщевников ◽  
Алексей Алексеевич Семин ◽  
Мария Александровна Роганина
Keyword(s):  
Fire Risk ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Medical Institutions

Целью работы является установление закономерностей связи между параметрами потоков, состоящих из людей с ограниченными возможностями передвижения. Рассматриваются исследования эвакуации пациентов и персонала из здания поликлинического корпуса. Последовательно отображаются методы исследования и обработанные с помощью математической статистики эмпирические данные. Приведены различия между полученными данными и нормативными документами. The technical regulations on fire safety provide for the need to ensure in buildings and facilities for various purposes an individual fire risk level below 10-6 per year. At the same time: “Escape routes should not include elevators ...”. In these conditions the psychophysiological qualities and physical condition of patients determine the possibility of their timely and unhindered evacuation. The specifics of the physical capabilities of the main functional contingent of patients in buildings of medical institutions determined the need for special full-scale observations of the human flows movement in order to establish scientifically reasoned patterns of interaction principles between their parameters, likely during evacuation in emergency situations, in particular, in case of fire. The article considers the oldest (1773) medical multi-specialty institution in Russia - M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute. A full-scale observation of people evacuation along horizontal paths and stairs from the polyclinic buildings was carried out to define the calculated values of human flows parameters. The methodology of full-scale observations during training evacuation is described. Interaction principles between the flow parameters during evacuation were established. The classification of traffic conditions is made. There is given the comparison of values describing the interaction principles between the parameters of human flows in normalization and in the obtained empirical data. Instead of the same speeds of free movement along the horizontal path and down the stairs, the studied population has almost identical threshold values of the flow density when moving along these types of path: D = 1.08 people / m. This indicates the identical very high sensitivity (1/D) of the sensor system with limited mobility to flow density changes on these types of path.

scholarly journals FPGA Synthesis of SIRM Fuzzy System-Classification Of Diabetic Epilepsy Risk Level

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 391-404
Author(s):  
N.B. Balamurugan ◽  
M. Jothi ◽  
R. Harikumar
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy System ◽  
Risk Level

Legal and clinical aspects of emergency burns

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-211
Author(s):  
V. A. Sokolov ◽  
I. F. Shpakov ◽  
Ya. L. Butrin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Emergency Rescue ◽  
Medical Evacuation ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Key Questions

The key questions concerning particular sections of the topic Burns in Emergencies are presented. Particular attention is paid to the presentation of terminology. For this, the wording of the Federal Laws, Government Resolutions and Orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation were used. In accordance with the latter, the classification of emergency situations is given, as well as the criteria by which their damage is assessed. It has been established that the involvement of the forces and means of the Ministry of Defense in the elimination of the consequences of emergency situations is spelled out in the Federal Law. In addition, an argument is made on what basis the citizens of the Russian Federation are obliged to constantly improve their knowledge and practical skills in studying numerous issues of protecting the population, providing assistance to victims, in carrying out emergency rescue operations, etc. situations that led to massive burns. Key features of burns as injuries sustained in emergency situations are formulated. Also, aggravating circumstances are listed that negatively affect the general condition of the victims. The role and place of clinical guidelines as a fundamental development governing the sequence of the organization and content of medical care for those burned at the stages of medical evacuation are indicated. Attention is drawn to the legal significance of the problem.

Path planning of patrol robot based on improved discrete electrostatic discharge algorithm

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Simeng Chen ◽  
Ke Bai ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Electrostatic Discharge ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Local Optimum ◽  
Planning Problem

Safety is the premise of the stable and sustainable development of the chemical industry, safety accidents will not only cause casualties and economic losses, but also cause panic among workers and nearby residents. Robot safety inspection based on the fire risk level in a chemical industrial park can effectively reduce process accident losses and can even prevent accidents. The optimal inspection path is an important support for patrol efficiency, therefore, in this study, the fire risk level of each location to be inspected, which is obtained by the electrostatic discharge algorithm (ESDA)–nonparallel support vector machine evaluation model, is combined with the optimisation of the inspection path; that is, the fire risk level is used to guide the inspection path planning. The inspection path planning problem is a typical travelling salesman problem (TSP). The discrete ESDA (DESDA), based on the ESDA, is proposed. In view of the shortcomings of the long convergence time and ease of falling into the local optimum of the DESDA, further improvements are proposed in the form of the IDESDA, in which the greedy algorithm is used for the initial population, the 2-opt algorithm is applied to generate new solutions, and the elite set is joined to provide the best segment for jumping out of the local optimum. In the experiments, 11 public calculation examples were used to verify the algorithm performance. The IDESDA exhibited higher accuracy and better stability when solving the TSP. Its application to chemical industrial parks can effectively solve the path optimisation problem of patrol robots.

Classification of flight takeoff risk level based on selective ensemble clustering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenya Liu ◽  
Haiyan Chen ◽  
Xiaye Hou ◽  
Ligang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Level ◽  
Ensemble Clustering ◽  
Selective Ensemble

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Trajectory Construction and Observation of Group Behavior of Wild Bats During Cave Emergence

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-563
Author(s):  
Emyo Fujioka ◽  
Mika Fukushiro ◽  
Kazusa Ushio ◽  
Kyosuke Kohyama ◽  
Hitoshi Habe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
External Objects ◽  
Behavioral Classification

Echolocating bats perceive the surrounding environment by processing echoes of their ultrasound emissions. Echolocation enables bats to avoid colliding with external objects in complete darkness. In this study, we sought to develop a method for measuring the collective behavior of echolocating bats (Miniopterus fuliginosus) emerging from their roost cave using high-sensitivity stereo-camera recording. First, we developed an experimental system to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) flight trajectories of bats emerging from the roost for nightly foraging. Next, we developed a method to automatically track the 3D flight paths of individual bats so that quantitative estimation of the population in proportion to the behavioral classification could be conducted. Because the classification of behavior and the estimation of population size are ecologically important indices, the method established in this study will enable quantitative investigation of how individual bats efficiently leave the roost while avoiding colliding with each other during group movement and how the group behavior of bats changes according to weather and environmental conditions. Such high-precision detection and tracking will contribute to the elucidation of the algorithm of group behavior control in creatures that move in groups together in three dimensions, such as birds.

scholarly journals "TRUST IN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS AND COMPLIANCE WITH MEASURES AGAINST COVID-19 PANDEMIC. CASE STUDY ON METROPOLITAN AREA OF CLUJ, ROMANIA"

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 E ◽  
pp. 128-150
Author(s):  
Bianca RADU
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Policy Compliance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Second Wave

The goal of this article is to analyze the level of citizens’ trust in different public institutions during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic, and the influence of citizens’ trust on their compliance with the measures adopted to prevent the spread of the virus. The research was conducted between November and December 2020 on a sample of 700 residents of Metropolitan Area of Cluj, Romania. During the time of data collection, Romania registered the largest number of daily COVID-19 cases, therefore, citizens’ compliance with preventive measures was crucial to contain the spread of the virus. Citizens reported high levels of compliance with preventive measures. However, even though people were recommended to avoid meetings with relatives and friends, and participation to private events with large number of people, respondents reported that did not fully comply with social distancing requirements. Citizens have highest level of trust in the public institutions at local level, medical institutions and County Committees for Emergency Situations. The research found that trust in public institutions influences the compliance with preventive measures; however, the influence is weak and the trust in different institutions influences differently policy compliance.

Methodology for assigning objects of protection to a certain risk category in the field of fire safety

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Денис Валерьевич Зобков ◽  
Александр Алексеевич Порошин ◽  
Андрей Александрович Кондашов ◽  
Евгений Васильевич Бобринев ◽  
Елена Юрьевна Удавцова
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Risk Categories

Проанализирован международный опыт реформирования проверок соблюдения требований пожарной безопасности и внедрения риск-ориентированного подхода. Разработана модель отнесения объектов защиты к категориям риска в зависимости от вероятного причинения вреда, который рассчитывается исходя из количества погибших и травмированных при пожарах людей. Сформулированы критерии отнесения объектов защиты к категориям риска. Выполнен расчет категорий риска для групп объектов, однородных по группам экономической деятельности и классам функциональной пожарной опасности. Проведено сравнение с существующей классификацией объектов защиты по категориям риска. The international experience of reforming of fire safety compliance checks and implementing a risk-based approach is considered. There are presented methodological approaches to calculating the risk of causing harm (damage) in buildings (structures) as a result of fire for the purpose of assignment of buildings and structures according to risk categories as well as justification of the frequency of scheduled inspections at these facilities. There is calculated the probability of fire occurrence for a group of objects of protection that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes in order to assign objects of protection to certain risk categories. The social damage expressed in the death and injury of people as a result of fire is also calculated in order to assign objects of protection to certain risk categories. Classification of objects of protection according to the risk categories is performed using the indicator of the severity of potential negative consequences of fires. This indicator characterizes the degree of excess of the expected risk of negative consequences of fires for the corresponding group of objects of protection in relation to the value of the permissible risk of negative consequences of fire. The permissible risk of negative consequences of fires is calculated on the basis of statistical data, taking into account the value of the individual fire risk of exposure of critical values of fire hazards on person in buildings and structures. The criteria for assigning groups of objects of protection to the appropriate risk categories are formulated on the basis of formation of distribution of numerical values of the severity of potential negative consequences of fires. There are carried out the assessment of the severity of potential negative consequences of fires for objects of protection that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes, and also the risk categories of the corresponding groups of objects are determined. The proposed classification of objects of protection according to risk categories is compared with the existing classification. The obtained results of calculations showed that scheduled inspections of objects of protection by the Federal state supervision bodies, depending on the assigned risk category and with corresponding frequency, have significant role in improving the level of fire safety of objects. The decrease in the intensity of scheduled inspections, at the same time, may lead to a corresponding decrease in the level of fire protection of objects.

scholarly journals Application of Electronic Nose for Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment Process Effects at Full-Scale WWTP

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Łagód ◽  
Sylwia M. Duda ◽  
Dariusz Majerek ◽  
Adriana Szutt ◽  
Agnieszka Dołhańczuk-Śródka
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Gas Sensor Array

This paper presents the results of studies aiming at the assessment and classification of wastewater using an electronic nose. During the experiment, an attempt was made to classify the medium based on an analysis of signals from a gas sensor array, the intensity of which depended on the levels of volatile compounds in the headspace gas mixture above the wastewater table. The research involved samples collected from the mechanical and biological treatment devices of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), as well as wastewater analysis. The measurements were carried out with a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) gas sensor array, when coupled with a computing unit (e.g., a computer with suitable software for the analysis of signals and their interpretation), it formed an e-nose—that is, an imitation of the mammalian olfactory sense. While conducting the research it was observed that the intensity of signals sent by sensors changed with drops in the level of wastewater pollution; thus, the samples could be classified in terms of their similarity and the analyzed gas-fingerprint could be related to the pollution level expressed by physical and biochemical indicators. Principal component analysis was employed for dimensionality reduction, and cluster analysis for grouping observation purposes. Supervised learning techniques confirmed that the obtained data were applicable for the classification of wastewater at different stages of the purification process.

scholarly journals Adapting urban areas for people with limited mobility

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 01033
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Melnikova ◽  
Mikhail Lepert ◽  
Aleksey Popov ◽  
Tatyana Sorokoymova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Service Organizations ◽  
State Control ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Free Communication ◽  
Serial Production ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Current Article

In article the ways of adaptation of elements of improvement, and also replacement of monolithic and stationary parts of the equipment on flexible, transformed designs were analyzed. The main prerequisites for a qualitative change in the urban environment are the actual needs of the population: unhindered access to the objects of the mass service system (hereinafter MSS), safe movement on transport and pedestrian routes from residential areas to gravity focuses, the possibility of orientation, barrier-free communication and communication with dispatching service organizations in emergency situations through multimedia resources [7]. The main methods of research in the current article are full-scale surveys, interviewing the target audience with a preliminary sample. The article considers a set of solutions for the adaptation of the territory to the needs of PWLM by means of transformable structures [17]. Standardization of structures and equipment will allow to achieve better quality, more ergonomic solutions in the equipment of objects of different categories and purposes, unification of prefabricated elements-their serial production with the state control of products. Such organization of improvement will allow to achieve sustainable development of urban areas for the project period, will create a basis for future generations.

scholarly journals A Distributed Multi-Tier Emergency Alerting System Exploiting Sensors-Based Event Detection to Support Smart City Applications

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Costa ◽  
Francisco Vasques ◽  
Paulo Portugal ◽  
Ana Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Event Detection ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Critical Events ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Alerting System ◽  
Emergency Systems

The development of efficient sensing technologies and the maturation of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm and related protocols have considerably fostered the expansion of sensor-based monitoring applications. A great number of those applications has been developed to monitor a set of information for better perception of the environment, with some of them being dedicated to identifying emergency situations. Current IoT-based emergency systems have limitations when considering the broader scope of smart cities, exploiting one or just a few monitoring variables or even allocating high computational burden to regular sensor nodes. In this context, we propose a distributed multi-tier emergency alerting system built around a number of sensor-based event detection units, providing real-time georeferenced information about the occurrence of critical events, while taking as input a configurable number of different scalar sensors and GPS data. The proposed system could then be used to detect and to deliver emergency alarms, which are computed based on the detected events, the previously known risk level of the affected areas and temporal information. Doing so, modularized and flexible perceptions of critical events are provided, according to the particularities of each considered smart city scenario. Besides implementing the proposed system in open-source electronic platforms, we also created a real-time visualization application to dynamically display emergency alarms on a map, demonstrating a feasible and useful application of the system as a supporting service. Therefore, this innovative approach and its corresponding physical implementation can bring valuable results for smart cities, potentially supporting the development of adaptive IoT-based emergency-aware applications.

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