Effects of Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Noise Exposure on Tinnitus Occurrence in College Students and Adolescents

Abstract Background Recent research indicated that young adults and adolescents reported tinnitus in higher numbers than previously. Thus, it is important to fully investigate risk factors for tinnitus in adolescents and young adults. Purpose The current study examined the influence of two environmental risk factors, secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and noise exposure on tinnitus occurrence as self-reported by U.S. adolescents and young adults. Research Design A nonexperimental, cross-sectional design was used for this survey study. Study Sample Of 265 surveys received, 43 were excluded due to ineligibility. The remaining 222 surveys constituted the study sample. Participant respondents included 80 high school students (ages 14–17) and 142 college students (ages 18–30). The sample was primarily female (n = 160). Data Collection and Analysis Three (3) yes/no survey questions regarding SHS exposure, noise exposure, and tinnitus occurrence were analyzed. Statistical analyses included logistic regression, chi-square follow-up tests, and Pearson bivariate correlation analysis. Results Results revealed that 40% of young adults and adolescents surveyed reported that they experienced tinnitus. Regression analysis revealed significant main effects for noise (p = 0.004), gender (p = 0.017), and the interaction of SHS and noise (p = 0.001). There was no main effect of SHS exposure nor age on tinnitus occurrence. Follow-up chi-square analysis conducted to probe the gender effect revealed that females (45.1%) were more likely to experience tinnitus than males (27.7%). Chi-square testing to examine the significant interaction effect revealed statistical significance (p = 0.001) for individuals with reported noise exposure but not for individuals without noise exposure. In the noise-exposed group, individuals who also reported SHS exposure had a lower occurrence of tinnitus (23.6%). In contrast, the noise-exposed individuals without SHS exposure had a higher prevalence of tinnitus (57.9%). An additional chi-square follow-up analysis to examine the main effect of noise revealed no significance (p = 0.199). However, there was a significant (p < 0.01) negative correlation (r = -0.244) of noise exposure with age. Conclusion The current study results suggest there is a higher than expected report of tinnitus incidence in adolescents and young adults. The relationship between tinnitus occurrence and a combined exposure to noise and secondhand smoke revealed a unique effect in adolescents and young adults.

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Effects of Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Noise Exposure on Tinnitus Occurrence in College Students and Adolescents

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.3766/jaaa19032 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Laurel Elise Money ◽

Ishara Ramkissoon

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

College Students ◽

Young Adults ◽

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Noise Exposure ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Chi Square ◽

Main Effect ◽

Shs Exposure

Background: Recent research indicated that young adults and adolescents reported tinnitus in highernumbers than previously. Thus, it is important to fully investigate risk factors for tinnitus in adolescentsand young adults. Purpose: The current study examined the influence of two environmental risk factors, secondhandsmoke (SHS) exposure and noise exposure on tinnitus occurrence as self-reported by U.S. adolescentsand young adults. Research Design: A nonexperimental, cross-sectional design was used for this survey study. Study Sample: Of 265 surveys received, 43 were excluded due to ineligibility. The remaining 222 surveysconstituted the study sample. Participant respondents included 80 high school students (ages14–17) and 142 college students (ages 18–30). The sample was primarily female (n = 160). Data Collection and Analysis: Three (3) yes/no survey questions regarding SHS exposure, noise exposure,and tinnitus occurrence were analyzed. Statistical analyses included logistic regression, chisquarefollow-up tests, and Pearson bivariate correlation analysis. Results: Results revealed that 40 percent of young adults and adolescents surveyed reported that they experiencedtinnitus. Regression analysis revealed significant main effects for noise (p = 0.004), gender (p =0.017), and the interaction of SHS and noise (p = 0.001). There was no main effect of SHS exposurenor age on tinnitus occurrence. Follow-up chi-square analysis conducted to probe the gender effectrevealed that females (45.1 percent) were more likely to experience tinnitus than males (27.7 percent). Chi-squaretesting to examine the significant interaction effect revealed statistical significance (p = 0.001) for individualswith reported noise exposure but not for individuals without noise exposure. In the noise-exposedgroup, individuals who also reported SHS exposure had a lower occurrence of tinnitus (23.6 percent). In contrast,the noise-exposed individuals without SHS exposure had a higher prevalence of tinnitus (57.9 percent).An additional chi-square follow-up analysis to examine the main effect of noise revealed no significance(p = 0.199). However, there was a significant (p < 0.01) negative correlation (r = –0.244) of noise exposurewith age. Conclusion: The current study results suggest there is a higher than expected report of tinnitus incidencein adolescents and young adults. The relationship between tinnitus occurrence and a combinedexposure to noise and secondhand smoke revealed a unique effect in adolescents and young adults.

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The natural course of DSM-IV somatoform disorders and syndromes among adolescents and young adults: a prospective-longitudinal community study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(02)00686-7 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 321-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Roselind Lieb ◽

Petra Zimmermann ◽

Robert H Friis ◽

Michael Höfler ◽

Sven Tholen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Substance Use ◽

Young Adults ◽

Somatoform Disorders ◽

Epidemiologic Study ◽

Natural Course ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Over Time

SummaryObjective.Although somatoform disorders are assumed to be chronic clinical conditions, epidemiological knowledge on their natural course based on representative samples is not available.Method.Data come from a prospective epidemiologic study of adolescents and young adults in Munich, Germany. Respondents’ diagnoses (N = 2548) at baseline and follow-up on average 42 months later are considered. The follow-up incidence, stability as well as selected baseline risk factors (sociodemographics, psychopathology, trauma exposure) for the incidence and stability of somatoform disorders and syndromes are prospectively examined. Diagnostic information was assessed by using the standardized Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI).Results.Over the follow-up period, incidence rate for any of the covered somatoform diagnoses was 25.7%. Stability for the overall group of any somatoform disorder/syndrome was 48%. Female gender, lower social class, the experience of any substance use, anxiety and affective disorder as well as the experience of traumatic sexual and physical threat events predicted new onsets of somatoform conditions, while stability was predicted by being female, prior existing substance use, affective and eating disorders as well as the experience of a serious accident.Conclusions.At least for a substantial proportion of individuals, the overall picture of somatization seems to be relatively stable, but with fluctuation in the symptom picture over time. Being female, the experience of substance use as well as anxiety disorder seem to constitute risk factors for the onset of new somatoform conditions as well as for a stable course over time.

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More to Lose? Noise-Risk Perceptions of Young Adults with Hearing Impairment

Seminars in Hearing ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1606326 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (04) ◽

pp. 319-331

Author(s):

Deborah Black ◽

Lyndal Carter

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Hearing Impairment ◽

Hearing Aids ◽

Risk Perceptions ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Noise Exposure ◽

Peer Group ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

Chi Square

AbstractThis study investigated the attitudes and behaviors of young adults with hearing impairment (HI), in relation to leisure noise. It was hypothesized that young people with HI would have more negative perceptions of noise exposure than their peers with nonimpaired (normal) hearing (NH) and would engage more frequently in self-protective behaviors. Questionnaires were administered as part of a larger study of young Australians with: (1) preadult onset HI and (2) NH. Data from adults (age range 18 to 24 years; n = 79 with HI, n = 131 with NH) were selected for the current analysis. Attitudes data for HI and NH groups were compared using chi-square tests, and the reported use of hearing aids and personal hearing protectors (PHPs) in leisure environments was quantified. Most participants with HI and NH regarded leisure noise as a health hazard but rated their own noise-injury risk as lower than that of their peer group. The use of PHPs was low overall, and many participants with HI reported using hearing aids (switched on) during noisy leisure activities. An equal and substantial proportion of participants with HI and NH reported dislike and avoidance of loud activities. Systematic noise management in leisure environments would address noise-injury risk and also enhance social participation.

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Attendance of an Initial Follow-up Visit after Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Insertion and Method Continuation Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Retrospective Study

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology ◽

10.1016/j.jpag.2021.01.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amanda E. Bryson ◽

Howard J. Cabral ◽

Mandy S. Coles

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Long Acting

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Diagnostic Progression to Bipolar Disorder in 17,285 Adolescents and Young Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Longitudinal Follow-up Study

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.097 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Che-Sheng Chu ◽

Shih-Jen Tsai ◽

Ju-Wei Hsu ◽

Kai-Lin Huang ◽

Chih-Ming Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Young Adults ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Follow Up Study

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Association of serum levels of 4-tertiary-octylphenol with cardiovascular risk factors and carotid intima-media thickness in adolescents and young adults

Environmental Pollution ◽

10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.110 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 246 ◽

pp. 107-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chien-Yu Lin ◽

Yi-Ting Hwang ◽

Pau-Chung Chen ◽

Fung-Chang Sung ◽

Ta-Chen Su

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young Adults ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Media Thickness

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Associations of n-3 Fatty Acids and Fish Consumption with the Metabolic Syndrome in College Students (P18-022-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz039.p18-022-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Nicole Karazurna ◽

Caitlin Porter ◽

Jesse Stabile Morrell ◽

Sherman Bigornia

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

College Students ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Young Adults ◽

Fish Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Age Related

Abstract Objectives Evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) and fish consumption may reduce the risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in older adults. We previously reported that MetS components are prevalent among college students. Identifying modifiable risk factors of developing MetS and its components in young adults will inform potential targets to reduce the risk of age-related health conditions. Our objectives were to measure the cross-sectional impacts of n-3 FA and fish consumption on ≥2 or ≥3 MetS criteria and individual criteria among college students. Methods The College Health and Nutrition Assessment Survey is an on-going cross-sectional study at a public New England college. We examined data from Jan 2008 – May 2017. After excluding those with missing data our final sample size was n = 4271 for n-3 FA & n = 2072 for fish intake analyses. Diet was assessed by a 3 day food record; MetS criteria were collected in fasted state. We expressed n-3 FAs as g/1000 kcals/d. Servings of fish/week was obtained via an online survey. Individuals were categorized as consuming ≥ 2 servings/week or not. MetS was defined as meeting ≥ 3 criteria: elevated glucose, triglycerides, blood pressure, waist circumference, and low HDL. Analyses were conducted by logistic regression. Results The average n-3 FA intake was 0.4 g/1000 kcal/d ± 0.25 & 40% consumed ≥ 2 servings of fish/week. Prevalence estimates for meeting ≥ 2 criteria was 18.8% and 4.8% for MetS. In sex- and energy- adjusted models, n-3 FA consumption was inversely associated with MetS (OR = 0.38; 95%CI: 0.20, 0.71) and ≥2 MetS criteria (OR = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.49, 0.91). Associations were no longer significant after considering additional confounders. Fish consumption was not significantly associated with MetS or ≥2 criteria in any model. Further n-3 FAs and fish consumption was not associated with any individual MetS criteria. Conclusions In this cross-sectional study among college students, n-3 FA and fish consumption were not significantly associated with MetS outcomes. Further research is needed in this population using longitudinal study designs to understand long-term impact of n-3 consumption on the development of MetS and associated cardio metabolic risk factors in young adults. Funding Sources New Hampshire Agriculture Experiment Station and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project 1010738.

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Examining the Association and Directionality between Mental Health Disorders and Substance Use among Adolescents and Young Adults in the U.S. and Canada—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm7120543 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 543 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sarvenaz Esmaeelzadeh ◽

John Moraros ◽

Lilian Thorpe ◽

Yelena Bird

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Substance Use ◽

Young Adults ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mental Health Disorders ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Health Disorders ◽

The U.S

Background: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the association and directionality between mental health disorders and substance use among adolescents and young adults in the U.S. and Canada. Methods: The following databases were used: Medline, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. Meta-analysis used odds ratios as the pooled measure of effect. Results: A total of 3656 studies were screened and 36 were selected. Pooled results showed a positive association between depression and use of alcohol (odds ratio (OR) = 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24–1.83), cannabis (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.10–1.51), and tobacco (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.43–1.92). Significant associations were also found between anxiety and use of alcohol (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.19–2.00), cannabis (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.02–1.81), and tobacco (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.54–3.17). A bidirectional relationship was observed with tobacco use at baseline leading to depression at follow-up (OR = 1.87, CI = 1.23–2.85) and depression at baseline leading to tobacco use at follow-up (OR = 1.22, CI = 1.09–1.37). A unidirectional relationship was also observed with cannabis use leading to depression (OR = 1.33, CI = 1.19–1.49). Conclusion: This study offers insights into the association and directionality between mental health disorders and substance use among adolescents and young adults. Our findings can help guide key stakeholders in making recommendations for interventions, policy and programming.

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Risk Factors for Dysphagia After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion With the Zero-P Implant System: a Retrospective Study With Minimum of 2 Years Follow-up

10.21203/rs.3.rs-138933/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rong Xue ◽

Ningdao Li ◽

Zhurong Ji ◽

Xingdong Cheng ◽

Zhuqiu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Operation Time ◽

Anterior Cervical Discectomy ◽

Postoperative Dysphagia ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Implant System ◽

Segmental Angle

Abstract Background: Dysphagia is one of the most common complications after anterior cervical spine surgery. The study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for dysphagia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with the Zero-P Implant System by multidimensional analysis and investigated the predictive values of these risk factors for dysphagia. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 260 patients who underwent ACDF with the Zero-P Implant System and had at least 2 year of follow-up ware performed. All patients were divided into a non-dysphagia group and a dysphagia group. Sex, age, body mass index (BMI), intraoperative time, estimated blood loss, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, prevertebral soft-tissue thickness, the levels of surgery, O-C2 angle, C2–7 angle, T1 slope and segmental angle were analyzed. Chi-square test and logistic regression were performed to analyze the predictive value of each dimension for dysphagia. Results: In total, the non-dysphagia group comprised 170 patients and the dysphagia group comprised 90 patients. Chi-square test results indicated that number of operated levels, operation time dT1 slope, dO-C2 angle, dC2–7 angle, segmental angle and dPSTT were associated with a high incidence of dysphagia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that number of operated levels, operation time, dC2–7 angle and dPSTT were significantly associated with postoperative dysphagia.Conclusions: Number of operated levels, operation time, dC2–7 angle and dPSTT were significantly associated with postoperative dysphagia. In additionally, sufficient preoperative preparation, evaluation combining with proficient and precise treatment measures are suggested to reduce the incidence of postoperative dysphagia when ACDF is performed.

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