scholarly journals AN ACOUSTICAL CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF SUNDANESE CENTRAL VOWELS

Sirok Bastra ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-175
Author(s):  
Yusup Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Second Formant ◽  
Intensity Contrast

The first, this research is intended to identify acoustic profiles of the two central vowels in Sundanese, viz  /ə/ and /ö/. The second, this research is intended to searches the acoustic contrasts between the two vowels. Experimental method was applied in this research. The result shows that vowel /ə/ has higher first fromant (F1) than vowel /ö/ both at opened syllable and at closed syllable. However, for the other acoustic properties—the second formant (F2), fundamental frequency (Fo), duration (ms), and intensity (dB)—vowel /ö/ has higher acoustic values than vowel /ə/. In correlation with the second research objective, viz to search acoustic properties which contrast the two central vowels, it’s found that all acoustic properties (F1, F2, Fo, duration and intensity) contrast the two Sundanese central vowels. All statistical tests which were applied show the results that there are significant differences of the acoustic properties between both central vowels.

scholarly journals Vocalization of broilers can be used to identify their sex and genetic strain

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERICA M. PEREIRA ◽  
IRENILZA DE A. NÄÄS ◽  
RODRIGO G. GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Genetic Strain ◽  
Digital Recorder ◽  
Group A ◽  
Second Formant

In order to reach higher broiler performance, farmers target losses reduction. One way to make this possible is by rearing sexed broilers as male and female present diverse performance due to their physiological differences. Birds from different genetic strain also have a distinct performance at the same age. Considering that sexed flocks may present higher performance this study aimed to identify one-day-old chicks’ sex throughout their vocalization. This research also investigated the possibility of identifying the genetic strain by their vocalization attributes. A total of 120 chicks, half of them were from Cobb® genetic strain and the other half from Ross® genetic strain. From each group, a total of 30 were males and 30 females, which were previously separated by sex using their secondary physiological characteristics at the hatchery. Vocalizations audio recording was done inside a semi-anechoic chamber using a unidirectional microphone connected to an audio input of a digital recorder. Vocalizations were recorded for two minutes. Acoustic characteristics of the sounds were analyzed being calculated the fundamental frequency Pitch, the sound intensity, the first formant, and second formant. Results indicated that the vocalizations of both sexes could be identified by the second formant, and the genetic strain was detected by both the second formant and the Pitch.

Intonational differences between the reduplicative babbling of French- and English-learning infants

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Whalen ◽  
Andrea G. Levitt ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Complex Contour ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
French And English ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Perceptual Assessment ◽  
Language Environment

ABSTRACTThe two- and three-syllable reduplicative babbling of five French-learning and five English-learning infants (0;5 to 1; 1) was examined in two ways for intonational differences. The first measure was a categorization into one of five categories (RISING, FALLING, RISE-FALL, FALL-RISE, LEVEL) by expert listeners. The second was the fundamental frequency (F0) from the early, middle and late portion of each syllable. Both measures showed significant differences between the two language groups. 65% of the utterances from both groups were classified as either rising of falling. For the French children, these were divided equally into the rising and the falling categories, while 75% of those utterances for the English children were judged to have falling intonation. Proportions of the other three categories were not significantly different by language environment. In both languages, though, three-syllable utterances were more likely to have a complex contour than two-syllable ones. Analysis of the F0patterns confirmed the perceptual assessment. Several aspects of the target languages help explain these intonational differences in prelinguistic babbling.

scholarly journals Analysis of variance of partial diallel tables

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Marcelo Soriano Viana ◽  
Cosme Damião Cruz ◽  
Antonio Américo Cardoso ◽  
Adair José Regazzi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Dominance Testing ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Partial Diallel

The theory of variance analysis of partial diallel tables, following Hayman's proposal of 1954, is presented. As several statistical tests yield similar inferences, the present analysis mainly proposes to assess genetic variability in two groups of parents and to study specific, varietal and mean heteroses. Testing the nullity of specific heteroses equals testing absence of dominance. Testing equality of varietal heteroses of the parents of a group is equivalent to testing the hypothesis that in the other group allelic genes have the same frequency. Rejection of the hypothesis that the mean heterosis is null indicates dominance. The information obtained complements that provided by diallel analysis involving parents and their F1 hybrids or F2 generations. An example with the common bean is included.

IV.—The Mammoth in Siberia

1880 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 408-414
Author(s):  
Henry H. Howorth
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Neutral Ground

The overlapping of the sciences is made the subject of much rhetorical writing now-a-days, and its appreciation is one of the most prominent signs of the modern development of the doctrine of Continuity which has been so fruitful in the Philosophy of Discovery. The boundary-line which once separated the geologist and ethnologist has in consequence of this development entirely disappeared, and every one now admits as a postulate that between the two sciences there is a stretch of neutral ground belonging to neither exclusively, and where the students of each must of necessity reap if their harvest is to be complete. Not only so, but it is beginning to be seen that the methods and the directions of the arguments in each science being more or less different—the one partaking much more of the historical, and the other of the experimental method—that it is well that where they overlap the results of each should be closely compared, and thus not only secure a double modicum of certitude, but also suggest fresh veins of untried material where we may put in our mattock with renewed hope of solving some apparently hopeless problems.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Gambut Terbakar Terhadap Beberapa Sifat Fisika Gambut di Kecamatan Tripa Makmur

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-425
Author(s):  
Teuku Muhammad Afrizal ◽  
Hairul Basri ◽  
Muhammad Rusli Alibasyah
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstrak. Gambut mengandung bahan organik yang tinggi. Gambut yang didrainase rentan terhadap kebakaran. Pemanfaatan gambut di Aceh sangat luas. Umumnya, gambut sering dibakar agar dapat dengan cepat dimanfaatkan., khususnya di Kecamatan Tripa Makmur Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat seberapa jauh tingkat perubahan sifat fisika gambut terbakar Rawa Tripa Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata berat volume tertinggi terdapat pada sampel T1 (top soil) yaitu  0,36 g cm-3 dan terendah pada T0 (sub soil) yaitu  0,17 g cm-3. Kadar air tertinggi  terdapat pada sampel T0 (sub soil)  yaitu 234,82% dan terendah pada T1 (top soil) yaitu 81,96%. Porositas tertinggi terdapat pada sampel gambut T0  (sub soil) yaitu 94,93% dan terendah pada T1 (top soil) yaitu 65,28%. Permeabilitas tertinggi terdapat pada T0 (sub soil) yaitu 33,80 cm/jam dan terendah pada T1 (top soil) yaitu 16,10 cm/jam. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada parameter berat volume dengan t hitung (3,482) t tabel (1, 943), sedangkan pada parameter lainnya tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan. Tingkat kematangan gambut di kawasan Tripa Makmur adalah hemik. Kedalaman gambut sebesar 3 meter.  Subsiden tertinggi adalah 100 cm pada gambut terbakar di tahun 2015. Warna  gambut adalah coklat kehitaman. The Effect of Burning Peat on Some of The Physical Porperties of Peat Soil in The Tripa Makmur Sub DistrictAbstract. Peat contains high organic matter. Drained peat is susceptible to fire. The use of peat in Aceh is very broad. Peat is often burned so that it can be quickly utilized especially in Tripa makmur Sub Districk, Nagan Raya Districk. This study aims to see how far the rate of change in the physical properties of peat is burning Rawa Tripa in Nagan Raya District. The results showed that the highest average of volume weight was found in T1(top soil) 0,36 g cm-3 and the lowest in T0(sub soil) 0,17 g cm-3. The highest water content was found inT0(sub soil) 234,82%  and the lowest was on T1(top soil) 81,96%. The highest porosity was found T0(sub soil) 94,93% and the lowest in T1(top soil) 65,28%. The highest permeability is found in T0(sub soil) 33,80 cm/hour and the lowest is on T1(top soil) 16,10 cm/hour. The results of statistical tests show that there is a significant difference in the parameters of volume weight with t count 3,482 t table 1,943, while in the other parameters have no significant differences. The level of maturity in the Tripa Makmur area is hemik. Peat depth of 3 meters. The highest subsidance is 100 cm on burning peat in 2015. The color of this peat is blackish brown. 

Producing a Mental Representation of a Cup of Sake

2019 ◽  
pp. 430-448
Author(s):  
Hiroki Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Average Person ◽  
Supporting Tool

In this chapter, methodologies for producing a mental representation of a cup of sake are introduced. Mental representations of taste are often vague and fuzzy in comparison to audio or visual images. On the other hand, some individuals, such as sommeliers or tasters of sake, are able to readily formulate a representation of the taste they experience. How can the average person produce words or other types of mental representations in such a situation? In this chapter, the author presents three methodologies for eliciting mental representations of taste: a new supporting tool for verbalizing an image of taste, an experimental method for testing a verbal and visual image for taste, and an experimental methodology for producing a free drawing representation of a cup of sake.

Maternal Accommodation in Infant-Directed Speech during Mother's and Twin-Infants' Vocal Interactions

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuko Niwano ◽  
Kuniaki Sugai
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vocal Response ◽  
Vocal Responses ◽  
Fraternal Twin ◽  
Maternal Speech ◽  
Vocal Interactions ◽  
Vocal Fundamental Frequency ◽  
At Home

In this study a mother's instinctive accommodations of vocal fundamental frequency (f0) of infant-directed speech to two different infants was explored. Maternal speech directed to individual 3-mo.-old fraternal twin-infants was subjected to acoustic analysis. Natural samples of infant-directed speech were recorded at home. There were differences in the rate of infants' vocal responses. The mother changed her f0 and patterns of intonation contour when she spoke to each infant. When she spoke to the infant whose vocal response was less frequent than the other infant, she used a higher mean f0 and a rising intonation contour more than when she spoke to the other infant. The result suggested that the mother's speech characteristic is not inflexible and that the mother may use a higher f0 and rising contour as a strategy to elicit an infant's less frequent vocal response.

MEASUREMENT OF SURFACE STRESS: DESCRIPTION OF AN INTERFEROMETRIC METHOD

1997 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
pp. 1047-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. DEGAND ◽  
P. MÜLLER ◽  
R. KERN
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Silicon Substrate ◽  
Surface Stress ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Stress Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thin Sheets ◽  
Interferometric Method ◽  
Michelson Interferometry ◽  
Substrate Sample

In a recent publication, we proposed a new experimental method for measuring the absolute surface stress of a thin crystalline sheet based on the deformation of very thin sheets (thickness e<10 μm) submitted to disymmetrical surface stresses (S1 on one side of the sheet, S2 on the other). This paper demonstrates that Michelson interferometry can be used to measure a surface stress change of 2–3 10-3 J·m -2 if the thickness and the Young modulus of the sheet are accurately known. Using a silicon substrate sample we found that one fourth of a monolayer of silver reduces the surface stress by 0.45 J·m -2.

scholarly journals Von Mises' definition of random sequences reconsidered

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel van Lambalgen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Random Sequence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Selection Procedures ◽  
Random Sequences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWe review briefly the attempts to define random sequences (§0). These attempts suggest two theorems: one concerning the number of subsequence selection procedures that transform a random sequence into a random sequence (§§1–3 and 5); the other concerning the relationship between definitions of randomness based on subsequence selection and those based on statistical tests (§4).

scholarly journals Intonational Patterns of Nonverbal Vocalizations in People With Dementia

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Samuelsson ◽  
Lars C. Hydén
Keyword(s):  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Pitch Range ◽  
Interactional Pattern ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Nonverbal Vocalizations ◽  
The Mean

Nonverbal vocalizations in dementia are important clinically since they generally have been regarded as disruptive behavior that is disturbing. The aim of the present study is to describe the interactional pattern, including the prosodic package, of nonverbal vocalizations in a participant in a late stage of dementia. The acoustic analysis shows that the vocalizations do not differ significantly from the verbal utterances regarding mean fundamental frequency or pitch range. The mean fundamental frequency, F0, of the utterances from Anna was significantly higher than the mean F0 from the other elderly participants. The analysis demonstrates that there is a singing-like type of vocalizations that does not resemble the previously described patterns of nonverbal vocalizations. This pattern of the nonverbal vocalization does not resemble the intonation of Anna’s verbal utterances. The other participants perceive Anna’s vocalizations as potentially meaningful turns. Nonverbal vocalizations in clinical settings should be taken as communicative contributions.

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