scholarly journals Field Interviewer– Administered Dietary Recalls in Participants’ Homes: A Feasibility Study Using the US Department of Agriculture’s Automated Multiple-Pass Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura DiGrande ◽  
Sue Pedrazzani ◽  
Elizabeth Kinyara ◽  
Melanie Hymes ◽  
Shawn Karns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Multiple Pass ◽  
The Us ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Food Model

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of administering the Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM), a widely used tool for collecting 24-hour dietary recalls, in participants’ homes by field interviewers. Design: The design included computer-assisted personal interviews led by either a nutritionist (standard) or field interviewer. Portion estimators tested were a set of three-dimensional food models (standard), a two-dimensional food model booklet, or a tablet with digital images rendered via augmented reality. Setting: Residences in central North Carolina. Participants: English-speaking adults. Pregnant women and individuals who were fasting were excluded. Results: Among 133 interviews, most took place in living rooms (52%) or kitchens (22%). Mean interview time was 40 minutes (range 13–90), with no difference by interviewer type or portion estimator, although timing for nutritionist-led interviews declined significantly over the study period. Forty-five percent of participants referenced items from their homes to facilitate recall and portion estimation. Data entry and post-interview coding was evaluated and determined to be consistent with requirements for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Values for the number of food items consumed, food groups, energy intake (average of 3,011 kcal for men and 2,105 kcal for women), and key nutrients were determined to be plausible and within reasonably expected ranges regardless of interviewer type or portion estimator used. Conclusions: AMPM dietary recall interviews conducted in the home are feasible and may be preferable to clinical administration because of comfort and the opportunity for participants to access home items for recall. AMPMs administered by field interviewers using the food model booklet produced credible nutrition data that was comparable to AMPMs administered by nutritionists. Training field interviewers in dietary recall and conducting home interviews may be sensible choices for nutrition studies when response rates and cost are concerns.

scholarly journals Association between Ready-to-Eat Cereal Consumption and Nutrient Intake, Nutritional Adequacy, and Diet Quality in Adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2952
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Vipra Vanage ◽  
Norton Holschuh ◽  
Anne Hermetet Agler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
National Health ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition

This study examined differences in dietary intake between ready-to-eat cereal eaters and non-eaters in adults from the United States. Participants (n = 5163) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016 were included. One-day dietary recall was used to define ready-to-eat cereal consumption status and estimate dietary intake in eaters and non-eaters. Data from Food Patterns Equivalent Database 2015–2016 were used to compare intakes of food groups by consumption status. Diet quality was assessed by Healthy Eating Index 2015. Nineteen percent of US adults were ready-to-eat cereal eaters; they had a similar level of energy intake as non-eaters, but they had significantly higher intake of dietary fiber, and several vitamins and minerals, such as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D. They were also more likely to meet nutrient recommendations. Compared to non-eaters, ready-to-eat cereal eaters had the same level of added sugar intake but they had significantly higher intake of whole grains, total fruits, and dairy products. The diet quality of ready-to-eat cereal eaters was significantly higher than that of non-eaters. The study supports that ready-to-eat cereal eaters have better dietary intake with a healthier dietary pattern than non-eaters in the United States.

Association of dietary inflammatory potential with risk of overall and cause-specific mortality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Xiude Li ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Jiawei Zhang ◽  
Meiling Li ◽  
Zhuang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Reduced Rank Regression ◽  
Rank Regression ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Inflammation is a central mechanism in metabolic disorders associated with morbidity and mortality and dietary factors can modulate inflammation. We aimed to prospectively investigate the association between an empirically-developed, food-based dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) score and the risk of overall and cause-specific mortality, using data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2014. EDIP score was derived by entering 39 predefined commonly consumed food groups into the reduced rank regression models followed by stepwise linear regression, which was most predictive of 2 plasma inflammation biomarkers including C-reactive protein and white blood cell count among 25 500 US adults. This score was further validated in a testing set of 9466 adults. Deaths from baseline until December 31, 2015 were identified through record linkage to the National Death Index. During a median follow-up of 7.8 years among 40 074 participants, we documented 4904 deaths. Compared to participants in the lowest quintile of EDIP score, those in the highest quintile had a higher risk of overall death (HR=1.19, 95%CI: 1.08-1.32, Ptrend= 0.002), and deaths from cancer (HR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.14-1.74, Ptrend= 0.017) and cardiovascular diseases (HR=1.22, 95%CI: 0.98-1.53, Ptrend= 0.211). When stratified by age, the association of EDIP with overall mortality was stronger among individuals under 65 years of age (Pinteraction= 0.001). Diets with a higher inflammatory potential were associated with increased risk of overall and cancer-specific mortality. Interventions to reduce the adverse effect of pro-inflammatory diets may potentially promote health and longevity.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a meal quality index with applications to NHANES 2005-2014

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244391
Author(s):  
Fabio Mainardi ◽  
Daniela Prozorovscaia ◽  
Gary Sweeney ◽  
Hilary Green
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Meal Quality ◽  
The Us ◽  
Development And Validation

The Meal Balance Index (MBI) assesses the nutritional quality and balance of meals. It is a score between 0 and 100 that takes into account both shortfall and excess nutrients, adjusted for the energy content of the meal. In the present study the score was applied to 147849 meals reported in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2005-2014 in order to evaluate its validity and compare against exemplary meals designed as part of 24h diets that meet US dietary guidelines. Meals from exemplary menu plans developed by nutrition experts scored on average 76±14 (mean ± standard deviation) whereas those of NHANES participants scored 45±14. Scores of breakfast, lunch, dinner, snack, considered jointly as independent variables, were moderately but positively and significantly associated with the Healthy Eating Index (Pearson correlation 0.6). MBI scores were significantly associated with the density of positive micronutrients (e.g. Vit A, Vit C) and favorable food groups (e.g. fruits, whole grains) not directly included in the MBI algorithm. The MBI is a valid tool to assess the nutritional quality of meals reported in the US population and if applied to culinary recipe websites could potentially help users to understand which meals are nutritionally balanced. Choice of more balanced individual meals can guide healthier cooking and eating.

scholarly journals The Water Scarcity Footprint of the US Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 145-145
Author(s):  
Diego Rose ◽  
Martin Heller ◽  
Amelia Willits-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
National Level ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Agriculture accounts for 80% of global freshwater consumption, so addressing the water demands of current diets is crucial. Unlike carbon footprints, the impacts of water use are local and dependent on relative water scarcity. New metrics have been developed to assess the amount of water used to produce a product, conditional on its scarcity at the source of production. But little is known about the implications for water scarcity of individual diet choices in the US. Here, we apply this water scarcity metric to individual US diets and assess key contributors to the footprint. Methods Our analysis was based on a global database of watershed-level, geo-spatially explicit irrigation water demand for 160 crops. We used the Available Water Remaining (AWARE) method, applied at the same geo-spatial resolution to establish local water scarcity footprints (WSF) of each crop. These WSFs were aggregated to the national level and adjusted for commodity imports using WSFs from source countries. WSFs of animal-based foods relied on generic U.S. feed rations. Crops were assigned to foods in the Food Commodities Intake Database (FCID), and recipes from FCID enabled linkage to as-consumed foods in the 1-day dietary recall data from individuals (N = 16,800) in the 2005–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results Animal protein foods account for 33% of the WSF of the average US diet, whereas vegetable protein foods account for 12%, most of that coming from nuts (11%). The contribution of beef (14%) was about 3 times that of chicken (5%). Within vegetable protein foods, almonds (5%), walnuts (3%), and cashews (2%) contributed much more to the WSF than dry beans (1%). Fruit (16%), dairy (9%), and vegetables (9%) were also large contributors to the average WSF. Diets ranked in the top quintile of WSFs account for 43% of the overall footprint, 5.4 times that from the lowest quintile. Conclusions Progress toward sustainable diets should consider the impact of dietary choices on scarcity-characterized water footprints. Major contributors to the WSF of the US diet include meat, fruit, nuts, dairy, and vegetables. Substantial variation of the WSF intensity of individual commodities within these food groups suggests that dietary changes could be made to reduce the impact of agriculture on the use of scarce water. Funding Sources Wellcome Trust #106,854/Z/15/Z.

Computer Assisted Image Reconstruction of Oligomer Structure

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
A.M. Jones ◽  
A. Max Fiskin
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Projection Data ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Computer Assisted Image ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Space Approach

If the tilt of a specimen can be varied either by the strategy of observing identical particles orientated randomly or by use of a eucentric goniometer stage, three dimensional reconstruction procedures are available (l). If the specimens, such as small protein aggregates, lack periodicity, direct space methods compete favorably in ease of implementation with reconstruction by the Fourier (transform) space approach (2). Regardless of method, reconstruction is possible because useful specimen thicknesses are always much less than the depth of field in an electron microscope. Thus electron images record the amount of stain in columns of the object normal to the recording plates. For single particles, practical considerations dictate that the specimen be tilted precisely about a single axis. In so doing a reconstructed image is achieved serially from two-dimensional sections which in turn are generated by a series of back-to-front lines of projection data.

Clinical Value of Computer-Assisted Taylor Three-dimensional External Fixation in the Treatment of Tibiofibular Fracture (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongfeng Sheng ◽  
Weixing Xu ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
Hongpu Song ◽  
Di Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Internal Fixation ◽  
External Fixation ◽  
External Fixator ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Clinical Value

UNSTRUCTURED The retrospective study of Taylor's three-dimensional external fixator for the treatment of tibiofibular fractures provides a theoretical basis for the application of this technology. The paper collected 28 patients with tibiofibular fractures from the Department of Orthopaedics in our hospital from March 2015 to June 2018. After the treatment, the follow-up evaluation of Taylor's three-dimensional external fixator for the treatment of tibiofibular fractures and concurrency the incidence of the disease, as well as the efficacy and occurrence of the internal fixation of the treatment of tibial fractures in our hospital. The results showed that Taylor's three-dimensional external fixator was superior to orthopaedics in the treatment of tibiofibular fractures in terms of efficacy and complications. To this end, the thesis research can be concluded as follows: Taylor three-dimensional external fixation in the treatment of tibiofibular fractures is more effective, and the incidence of occurrence is low, is a new technology for the treatment of tibiofibular fractures, it is worthy of clinical promotion.

scholarly journals Low HbA1c levels and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality among people without diabetes: the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2015

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Inoue ◽  
Roch Nianogo ◽  
Donatello Telesca ◽  
Atsushi Goto ◽  
Vahe Khachadourian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Abstract Objective It is unclear whether relatively low glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels are beneficial or harmful for the long-term health outcomes among people without diabetes. We aimed to investigate the association between low HbA1c levels and mortality among the US general population. Methods This study includes a nationally representative sample of 39 453 US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999–2014, linked to mortality data through 2015. We employed the parametric g-formula with pooled logistic regression models and the ensemble machine learning algorithms to estimate the time-varying risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality by HbA1c categories (low, 4.0 to <5.0%; mid-level, 5.0 to <5.7%; prediabetes, 5.7 to <6.5%; and diabetes, ≥6.5% or taking antidiabetic medication), adjusting for 72 potential confounders including demographic characteristics, lifestyle, biomarkers, comorbidities and medications. Results Over a median follow-up of 7.5 years, 5118 (13%) all-cause deaths, and 1116 (3%) cardiovascular deaths were observed. Logistic regression models and machine learning algorithms showed nearly identical predictive performance of death and risk estimates. Compared with mid-level HbA1c, low HbA1c was associated with a 30% (95% CI, 16 to 48) and a 12% (95% CI, 3 to 22) increased risk of all-cause mortality at 5 years and 10 years of follow-up, respectively. We found no evidence that low HbA1c levels were associated with cardiovascular mortality risk. The diabetes group, but not the prediabetes group, also showed an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Conclusions Using the US national database and adjusting for an extensive set of potential confounders with flexible modelling, we found that adults with low HbA1c were at increased risk of all-cause mortality. Further evaluation and careful monitoring of low HbA1c levels need to be considered.

Computer assisted three-dimensional reconstruction of scene in firearm homicide

2021 ◽  
pp. 002581722110183
Author(s):  
MA Kislov ◽  
M Chauhan ◽  
SN Zakharov ◽  
SV Leonov ◽  
YP Shakiryanova
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Scientific Model ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Promising Application

Worldwide advances in computer techniques are not yet recognised in the practice of forensic medicine. A promising application is their use in making a three-dimensional reconstruction of the crime scene. This study analyses this technique in a homicide by firearm. Queries regarding the direction and number of shots, position of the victim inside the car when shot at and presence of the accused at the crime scene were answered by a scientific model. Similar reconstruction of the scene, nailing the accused in a heinous crime, has not previously been reported as a study or a case. The paper anticipates impetus to the growth of literature in criminology and forensic sciences. It will also expedite the delivery of justice based on scientific evidence in controversial causes of death.

scholarly journals Contribution of Major Groups of Food Products to the Daily Intake of Selected Elements—Results from Analytical Determinations Supported by Chemometric Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3412
Author(s):  
Wojciech Koch ◽  
Marcin Czop ◽  
Agnieszka Nawrocka ◽  
Dariusz Wiącek
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Very High

Food is a major source of minerals for humans. The main objective of this study was to determine the intake level of 10 essential macro- (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) and trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cr, and Se) with major food groups among young adults. Dietary intake of elements was evaluated using the 24-h dietary recall technique in combination with F-AAS and ICP-OES methods. A very high intake of sodium and a very low intake of calcium, combined with inappropriate sodium/potassium ratio, may be harmful to the health of the population. Dietary intake of trace elements was within the range of reference values in the subjects, with cereals being the major source of a majority of those elements, while meat (38% for Na), vegetables (25% for K), and milk products (75% for Ca) were the main contributors to the daily dietary intake of macroelements. PCA revealed several visible trends in the datasetAmong men, the intake of Zn, Cr Na and K was significantly correlated with the consumption of meat and vegetables, whereas Mg, Se, Fe and Cu with cereals and water and beverages. Among women, the intake of Mg was significantly correlated with the consumption of meat and vegetables.

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