scholarly journals FGF21 mediates the anti-depressant effects of exercise by coordinating the crosstalk between central and peripheral organs

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
◽  
Suk Yu Yau ◽  
Qingning Liang ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Organs

Melatonin: a novel strategy for prevention of obesity and fat accumulation in peripheral organs through the improvements of circadian rhythms and antioxidative capacity

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohan Rong ◽  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Chao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidative Capacity ◽  
Unicellular Alga ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Peripheral Organs ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Novel Strategy

Melatonin is a well-known molecule for its involvement in circadian rhythm regulation and its contribution to protection against oxidative stress in organisms including unicellular alga, animals and plants. Currently, the bio-regulatory effects of melatonin on the physiology of various peripheral tissues have drawn a great attention of scientists. Although melatonin was previously defined as a neurohormone secreted from pineal gland, recently it has been identified that virtually, every cell has the capacity to synthesize melatonin and the locally generated melatonin has multiple pathophysiological functions, including regulations of obesity and metabolic syndromes. Herein, we focus on the effects of melatonin on fat deposition in various peripheral organs/tissues. The two important regulatory mechanisms related to the topic, i.e., the improvements of circadian rhythms and antioxidative capacity will be thoroughly discussed since they are linked to several biomarkers involved in obesity and energy imbalance, including metabolism and immunity. Furthermore, several other functions of melatonin which may serve to prevent or promote obesity and energy dysmetabolism-induced pathological states are also addressed. The organs of special interest include liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Systemic AAV6-synapsin-GFP administration results in lower liver biodistribution, compared to AAV1&2 and AAV9, with neuronal expression following ultrasound-mediated brain delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Weber-Adrian ◽  
Rikke Hahn Kofoed ◽  
Joseph Silburt ◽  
Zeinab Noroozian ◽  
Kairavi Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Gfp Expression ◽  
Peripheral Organs ◽  
Neuronal Expression ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
The Brain

AbstractNon-surgical gene delivery to the brain can be achieved following intravenous injection of viral vectors coupled with transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRIgFUS) to temporarily and locally permeabilize the blood–brain barrier. Vector and promoter selection can provide neuronal expression in the brain, while limiting biodistribution and expression in peripheral organs. To date, the biodistribution of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) within peripheral organs had not been quantified following intravenous injection and MRIgFUS delivery to the brain. We evaluated the quantity of viral DNA from the serotypes AAV9, AAV6, and a mosaic AAV1&2, expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the neuron-specific synapsin promoter (syn). AAVs were administered intravenously during MRIgFUS targeting to the striatum and hippocampus in mice. The syn promoter led to undetectable levels of GFP expression in peripheral organs. In the liver, the biodistribution of AAV9 and AAV1&2 was 12.9- and 4.4-fold higher, respectively, compared to AAV6. The percentage of GFP-positive neurons in the FUS-targeted areas of the brain was comparable for AAV6-syn-GFP and AAV1&2-syn-GFP. In summary, MRIgFUS-mediated gene delivery with AAV6-syn-GFP had lower off-target biodistribution in the liver compared to AAV9 and AAV1&2, while providing neuronal GFP expression in the striatum and hippocampus.

Comparison of the binding of the irreversible monoamine oxidase tracers, [11C]clorgyline and [11C]l-deprenyl in brain and peripheral organs in humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna S. Fowler ◽  
Jean Logan ◽  
Gene-Jack Wang ◽  
Nora D. Volkow ◽  
Frank Telang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Peripheral Organs

Chymotrypsin gene expression in rat peripheral organs

1998 ◽  
Vol 292 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Cun Wang ◽  
Kenneth I. Strauss ◽  
Quy N. Ha ◽  
Satish Nagula ◽  
Matthew E. Wolpoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Peripheral Organs

scholarly journals The immunohistochemical presence and distribution of ghrelin, apelin and their receptors in dog ovaries

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Pirino ◽  
Margherita Maranesi ◽  
Angela Polisca ◽  
Alessandro Troisi ◽  
Cecilia Dall'Aglio
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Small Arteries ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Peripheral Organs ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques

The activity of ghrelin, apelin and their receptors has been correlated to the control of some infectious diseases, besides the hypothesis of their role in the control of some peripheral organs, among which ovaries. The aim of the present work was to highlight the presence and distribution of ghrelin, apelin and cognate receptors in the ovaries of pregnant bitches, by means of immunohistochemical techniques. Apelin, its receptor and the receptor of ghrelin were highlighted in the corpora lutea, with a particular localization in the cytoplasm of some luteal cells. Instead, a positive reaction for ghrelin was evident in the walls of small arteries in the connective tissue. These results allowed us to hypothesize that these molecules intervene in the control of ovaries in pregnant bitches, suggesting autocrine/paracrine mechanisms of regulation.

scholarly journals Risdiplam distributes and increases SMN protein in both the central nervous system and peripheral organs

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e00447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Poirier ◽  
Marla Weetall ◽  
Katja Heinig ◽  
Franz Bucheli ◽  
Kerstin Schoenlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Organs ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Smn Protein

Distribution of pipecolic acid and proline in the developing rat brain and peripheral organs

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Nishio ◽  
Yutaka Yamada ◽  
Ezio Giacobini ◽  
Tomio Segawa
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Pipecolic Acid ◽  
Peripheral Organs ◽  
Developing Rat

Effect of T-activin on peripheral organs of immunity in intact and thymectomized mice

1984 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
O. N. Stetsenko ◽  
D. P. Lindner ◽  
I. A. Poberii ◽  
V. Ya. Arion ◽  
N. V. Aleinikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Organs ◽  
Thymectomized Mice

The effect of environmental temperature on the growth of vertebrae in the tail of the mouse

Development ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-410
Author(s):  
Janet F. Noel ◽  
E. A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Tissue Temperature ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Peripheral Organs ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Caudal Vertebrae ◽  
Local Skin Temperature ◽  
C3h Mice

C3H mice were bred at 30°C and 22°C. At 28 days of age the lengths of the sacral and caudal vertebrae were measured from radiographs and related to the local skin temperature. Growth of the sacral and proximal caudal vertebrae was slightly retarded in the hot environment, but the distal caudal vertebrae showed increased growth which could be quantitatively related to an increase in skin temperature. This suggests that in hot climates the increased growth of peripheral organs of some mammals is due to local increases in tissue temperature.

Abstract 1209: Interleukin-6 Reduces Myocardial Glucose Metabolism by Altering AMPK, Insulin Signaling, and PKC-𝛉 in Mice

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyou Zhang ◽  
Hwi Jin Ko ◽  
Dae Young Jung ◽  
Zhexi Ma ◽  
Jason K Kim
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Cardiac Metabolism ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Myocardial Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Peripheral Organs

Increasing evidence implicates the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetes and complications. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) are elevated in obese diabetic subjects, and are shown to modulate glucose metabolism in peripheral organs. In this report, we examined the effects of IL-6 on cardiac metabolism and insulin action in vivo. Male C57BL/6 mice were intravenously treated with IL-6 (16 ng/hr) or saline (control) for 2 hrs, and [ 14 C]2-deoxyglucose was intravenously injected in awake mice to measure myocardial glucose metabolism (n=9~10). Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (2.5 mU/kg/min insulin infusion) were also performed in IL-6 or saline-treated mice (n=4~5) to measure cardiac insulin action. Acute treatment with IL-6 caused a 25% increase in myocardial STAT3 activity and significantly reduced basal myocardial glucose metabolism (Fig. 1 ; * P< 0.05). IL-6 treatment also reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in heart, and these effects were associated with marked decreases in AMPK activity (Thr-phosphorylation of AMPK; Fig. 2 ) and IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation (Fig. 3 ). Acute IL-6 treatment increased myocardial expression of PKC-𝛉, which has been shown to mediate insulin resistance in peripheral organs (Fig. 4 ). These results indicate that IL-6 is a potent negative regulator of myocardial glucose metabolism and insulin action, and the underlying mechanism may involve IL-6 mediated activation of PKC-𝛉 and defects in AMPK and insulin signaling activity. Thus, our findings suggest a potential role of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of diabetic heart failure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document