ОРОСИТЕЛЬНЫЕ И ОБВОДНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ, РАСПОЛОЖЕННЫЕ В БАССЕЙНЕ Р. КУБАНИ

2020 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
A.A. Buber ◽  
E.L. Ratkovich ◽  
Y.A. Homutov
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Fodder Crop ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Water Management Complex ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Kuban River

В статье приведены систематизированные данные по оросительным и обводнительным системам в бассейне р. Кубани, необходимые для разработки научно-методического обоснования и определения перспектив использования водных ресурсов бассейна р. Кубани, а также научно обоснованных рекомендаций по повышению эффективности их использования при мелиорации земель сельскохозяйственного назначения на основе водного баланса территории. Бассейн р. Кубани включает 17 оросительно-обводнительных систем, основными водопользователями являются оросительные системы Карачаево-Черкесской республики, Ставропольского края, Республики Адыгеи и Краснодарского края. Орошаемые земли в Республике Карачаево-Черкессии представляют в основном тепличные хозяйства, овощные севообороты, общая площадь орошаемых сельхозугодий 19,8 тыс. га. В Ставропольском крае овощные и кормовые севообороты, инженерные оросительные системы водохозяйственного комплекса БСК (Большой ставропольский канал). В Республике Адыгея кроме овощных, кормовых севооборотов имеются и рисовые, дефицита пресных подземных и поверхностных вод регион не испытывает, однако, в сельской местности в летнее время наблюдаются перебои в хозяйственно-питьевом водоснабжении населения. Общая площадь орошаемых сельхозугодий 24,952 тыс. га, площадь осушаемых земель 2,368 тыс. га. В Краснодарском крае в бассейне реки Кубани числятся орошаемыми 234,4 тыс. га рисовых систем и 152,0 тыс. га нерисовых севооборотов. Общая площадь осушенных сельхозугодий 24,5 тыс. га.The article presents systematized data on irrigation and watering systems in the Kuban river basin, which are necessary for scientific and methodological basis developing and determining the prospects for using water resources in the Kuban river basin, as well as scientifically based recommendations for improving their use efficiency in agricultural land reclamation based on the territorys water balance. The Kuban river basin includes 17 irrigation and watering systems, the main water users are the irrigation systems of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Stavropol territory, the Republic of Adygea and Krasnodar territory. Irrigated lands in the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic are mainly greenhouses and vegetable crop rotations the total area of irrigated farmland is 19.8 thousand hectares. In the Stavropol territory vegetable and fodder crop rotations, engineering irrigation systems of the BSC water management complex (the Big Stavropol Canal). In the Republic of Adygea in addition to vegetable and fodder crop rotations there are also rice, there is no fresh groundwater and surface water deficit in the region, however, in the countryside in the summer time, there are disruptions in drinking water supply of the population. Total irrigated farmland area is 24.952 thousand hectares, drained land area is 2.368 thousand hectares. In the Krasnodar region, Kuban river basin, there are 234.4 thousand hectares of rice systems and 152.0 thousand hectares of non-rice crop rotations listed as irrigated. The total area of drained farmland is 24.5 thousand hectares.

АНАЛИЗ МНОГОЛЕТНЕЙ ДИНАМИКИ ВОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ НА ОРОСИТЕЛЬНЫХ СИСТЕМАХ КРАСНОДАРСКОГО КРАЯ

2020 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
N.O. Naumenko ◽  
A.A. Buber
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Activity Measures ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Kuban River ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

В работе рассмотрены основные водопользователи бассейна реки Кубань - оросительные системы Краснодарского края. Приведена динамика использования водных ресурсов поверхностных и подземных вод за 1999 - 2018 гг. по следующим показателям: забор воды из источников, в том числе из поверхностных и подземных, их использование, водоотведение и безвозвратное водопотребление относительно природных водных объектов. Анализ водохозяйственной обстановки бассейна р. Кубань выявил ряд проблем, связанных с рациональным использованием водных ресурсов. Для устранения негативных последствий, возникших, в том числе, вследствие антропогенной деятельности человека, на последующих этапах работы будут предложены мероприятия по уменьшению дефицита воды на рисовых оросительных системах в маловодные периоды.The article considers the Kuban river basin main water users - Krasnodar region irrigation systems. Considered the surface and groundwater water resources use dynamics from 1999 to 2018 for the following indicators: water intake from sources, including surface and underground, their use, drainage and irrevocable water consumption relative to natural water objects. Analysis of the water management situation in the Kuban river basin revealed a number of problems related to the rational water resources use. In order to eliminate the negative consequences that have arisen, including as a result of human anthropogenic activity, measures to reduce the water deficit in rice irrigation systems in low-water periods will be proposed at the next stages of the work.

LAND RECLAMATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
M. I. LOSKIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Water Pipelines ◽  
Group Water ◽  
Agricultural Water Supply ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The current state of agricultural land reclamation in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), its role in agricultural production of the republic, taking into account the impact of climate change on irrigation facilities, is considered. It has been established that at present in the sphere of public administration in the field of land reclamation in the republic there are estuary irrigation systems, drainage systems and agricultural water supply facilities, as well as group water pipelines for water supply of rural settlements and irrigation of agricultural land.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY THE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS AND SUSTAINABLE LAND USE IN BĂILEȘTI PLAIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia Crișu ◽  
Andreea Gabriela Zamfir ◽  
Sandu Boengiu
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Geomorphological Processes ◽  
Entire Network ◽  
Irrigation Infrastructure

Current climate and practicing a modern and sustainable agriculture imply the need to rehabilitate the entire network of irrigation systems found in Băilești Plain. There are 9 irrigation systems with 1.015 km of canals, spread over an area of 194.648 ha. These large constructions, which cross the Danube meadow and terraces, induced morphological changes due to the canals built and the slopes resulted. By investigating the types of canals built and their morphometric values, we were able to estimate the quantity of relocated materials, 53.918.820 m3. Failure to fully utilize the irrigation systems, deforestation and defective use of agricultural land have led to their degradation and amplification of geomorphological processes, especially on sandy surfaces. A complete analysis of the irrigation systems regarding their functionality, the existence of the Organizations for Water Users and the stage of rehabilitation contracts was carried out. The National Plan for the Rehabilitation of the Main Irrigation Infrastructure in Romania, aims at restoring the initial parameters for the functioning of the stations and canals by 2020. The purpose is to increase the irrigated areas, which nowadays are kept at a low value (50.000 ha) which fluctuates year by year.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURA PROPER MANAGEMENT BY FAT AUTHORITIES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Velkovski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Agriculture And Food

In the management of agricultural lands in the Republic of Bulgaria, according to the current legislation, natural persons - owners and users of agricultural lands, legal entities, state bodies and local authorities take part. The Law on the Ownership and Use of Agricultural Land, the Law on the Protection of Agricultural Land, the Regulations on their Implementation and other legal acts regulate the active role of local authorities in the management of agricultural land. This management covers a serious range of tasks and activities, such as: management of lands from the municipal land fund; - consolidation of massifs of agricultural land; reclamation of agricultural lands; exchange of agricultural land; - renting and / or leasing and similar. In addition, local authorities participate in the management of agricultural land, cooperating with the territorial structures of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food and other state bodies. The subject of consideration and analysis in the report are some conceptual aspects of the management of agricultural land by local authorities, and the subject of examination are primarily the legislation in this area and the resulting positive and negative effects of their implementation.

ECOLOGICAL STATUS AND RECONSTRUCTION OF RYAZAN REGION MELIORATION SYSTEM

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
P. N. Vanyushin ◽  
A. V. Kuzin ◽  
А. А. Pavlov ◽  
А. V. Nefedov ◽  
N. А. Ivannikova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Viable Systems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Technical Operation

The article analyzes the current state of the irrigation and drainage systems of the Ryazan region. It is shown that the lack of technical operation of the drainage network led to its failure and failure to perform its functions. Irrigation, in spite of the fact that it gives stability in the years of droughts due to aging and the dismantling of machinery and equipment is not carried out. It is shown that for the reconstruction and / or modernization of irrigation and drainage systems it is necessary on the basis of inventory to determine the environmentally optimal and economically viable systems, their parts and structures that require rehabilitation, reconstruction and / or modernization. The decision to reconstruct may include not only the ameliorative system as a whole, but also some part of it, for example, a canal, pipeline or a separate hydraulic structure, taking into account the justification of economic feasibility. In dry periods, for the Meshcherskaya lowland and areas with peat soils, it is necessary to provide for land-reclamation systems for dual regulation of soil moisture, which reduces the possibility of peat ignition and the spread of fire. It should be borne in mind that the reconstruction of land-reclamation systems has its specific features, which include: socio-economic (increasing the productivity of agricultural land, obtaining additional income, creating modern infrastructure, increasing employment, living conditions, labor, etc.) ; ecological (creation of cultural landscapes, ensuring their ecological sustainability, prevention of land degradation processes, improvement of recreational conditions, elimination of waterlogging, flooding, salinization, erosion, etc.). Reclamation activities are carried out in compliance with the requirements of land, water, forestry legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the environment, on the subsurface, on the plant world and on the animal world.

Agricultural research reclamation in Ukraine: Professor D.O. Dzhovani (1886–1971)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Verhunov ◽  
Yu. Dovgoruk
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Active Interest ◽  
Agricultural Schools

The monograph highlights the main stages of development of agricultural research land reclamation work in Ukraine, one of the founders, creators and developers of which was Professor D.O. Dzhovani. The scientific, scientific-organizational and pedagogical activities of the well-known domestic scientist was described, who is an iconic figure for the formation of experimental reclamation work in Ukraine and abroad. The professor laid the scientific-organizational and conceptual principles, in particular the state legislative acts of development of the scientific direction of agro-amelioration in Ukraine and Russia during the 20-30's of the 20th century. He is the author of a number of scientific papers in the field of experimental land reclamation, author of the first textbook in Ukrainian for agricultural courses "Reclamation legislation: a guide for the agricultural schools"(1927). D.O. Dzhovani was personally involved in the opening of a number of reclamation stations in the research network of Ukraine. He was a member of the Scientific & Advisory Board (SAB) on the construction of Dniprelstan and the Special Commission on Dniprelstan at the Agricultural Scientific Committee of Ukraine. The scientist is one of the founders of the Ukrainian Scientific & Research Institute of Agricultural Land Reclamation. The available archival documents attest to his significant contribution to the establishment and subsequent functioning of this institution. After forced emigration to Great Britain, he continued to supplement his inventions and research in the field of agriculture, until the end of his days he did not lose active interest in the business of his life – land reclamation and swamp culture. This edition also contains bibliographic descriptions of his works, written personally and in co-authorship, reports on scientific activities, scientific & popular publications. The book is recommended for scientists, teachers, graduate students, students, specialists in agricultural science, all those who are interested in the history of agricultural research work development.

Productivity and Environmental Role of Forest Shelterbelts of Robinia pseudoacacia L. of the Kuban Lowland

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
V.V. Tanyukevich ◽  
◽  
S.V. Tyurin ◽  
D.V. Khmeleva ◽  
A.A. Kvasha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Young Growth

Works on protective afforestation are carried out in order to protect agricultural land from degradation processes, as well as to improve the microclimate of land. The research purpose is to study the bioproductivity and environmental role of Robinia pseudoacacia L. forest shelterbelts in the conditions of the Kuban lowland. The approved and generally accepted methods of forest valuation, forest land reclamation, botany, and mathematical statistics were applied. Plantings were created according to the standard technology for the steppe zone of the Russian Federation. The area of forest shelterbelts is 62.4 ths ha, including 5 % of the young growth (I state class), 80 % of middle-aged forest plantings (II state class), 10 % of maturing plantings (II state class), 5 % of mature and overmature plantings (III state class). Living ground cover is formed by the following species: Koeleria pyramidata L., Poa pratensis L., Festuca pratensis H., Elytrígia repens L., Dactylis glomerata L., and Phlum pratense L. Aboveground phytomass is 100–300 g/m2; height is 25–32 cm. Plantings are characterized by the quality classes: young growth – I and II; middle-aged and maturing – III; mature and overmature – IV. At the age of natural maturity (70 years), the Robinia trunk reaches the average height of 15.1 m with the average diameter of 22.1 cm. The total stock of wood reaches 18, (ths m3), including (ths m3): young growth – 68 (ths m3); middleaged plantings – 14,871 (ths m3); maturing plantings – 2,187 (ths m3); mature and overmature plantings – 1,314 (ths m3). Aboveground phytomass in young growth is 20.2 t/ha; in mature and overmature plantings it is 391.2 t/ha. In the region it is estimated at 17,070 ths t, including (ths t): young growth – 64; middle-aged plantings – 13,753; maturing plantings – 2,032; mature and overmature plantings – 1,221. The share of stem mass reaches 84.5–80.8 %; woody greenery – 4.2–1.5 %; branches – 11.3–17.7 %. Recalculation coefficients of the stock into aboveground phytomass are the following for: young growth – 0.936; mature and overmature forest shelterbelts – 0.929. Phytosaturation of forest shelterbelts varies within 0.314–2.474 kg/m3. Forest shelterbelts have accumulated 8,534 ths t of carbon, which is estimated at 145.1 mln dollars. The sphere of application of the research results is the Krasnodar Krai forestry, which is recommended to create an additional 60 ths ha of forest shelterbelts, which will provide a normative protective forest cover of arable land of 5 % and annual carbon sequestration up to 3.4 t/ha.

scholarly journals Agriculture and land use in the North of Russia: Case study of Karelia and Yakutia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1497-1511
Author(s):  
Alexey Naumov ◽  
Varvara Akimova ◽  
Daria Sidorova ◽  
Mikhail Topnikov
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic

AbstractDespite harsh climate, agriculture on the northern margins of Russia still remains the backbone of food security. Historically, in both regions studied in this article – the Republic of Karelia and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) – agricultural activities as dairy farming and even cropping were well adapted to local conditions including traditional activities such as horse breeding typical for Yakutia. Using three different sources of information – official statistics, expert interviews, and field observations – allowed us to draw a conclusion that there are both similarities and differences in agricultural development and land use of these two studied regions. The differences arise from agro-climate conditions, settlement history, specialization, and spatial pattern of economy. In both regions, farming is concentrated within the areas with most suitable natural conditions. Yet, even there, agricultural land use is shrinking, especially in Karelia. Both regions are prone to being affected by seasonality, but vary in the degree of its influence. Geographical location plays special role, and weaknesses caused by remoteness to some extent become advantage as in Yakutia. Proximity effect is controversial. In Karelia, impact of neighboring Finland is insignificant compared with the nearby second Russian city – Saint Petersburg.

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