ОПТИМАЛЬНЫЕ ПРИЕМЫ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ ГИБРИДОВ МОРКОВИ

2020 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
A.A. Martynova
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Carrot Root ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Main Crop

В статье рассмотрено влияние основных урожаеобразующих факторов и совершенствование агротехники возделывания столовой моркови при капельном орошении, на рост и развитие корнеплодов моркови. На примере гибридов Каскад F1, Кордоба F1, Абако F1 и Тангерина F1.The article considers the influence of the main crop-forming factors and improvement of agricultural techniques for growing table carrots with drip irrigation on the growth and development of carrot root crops. Using the example of the Cascade F1, Cordoba F1, Abaco F1 and Tangerine F1 hybrids.

scholarly journals Создание новых форм редиса и редьки (Raphanus sativus L.) с прогнозируемым комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков при использовании методологии ускоренной селекции

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Kochetov ◽  
N.G. Sinyavina
Keyword(s):  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Small Radish ◽  
Research Institute

В Агрофизическом научноисследовательском институте (ФГБНУ АФИ) при использовании оригинальной методологии ускоренной селекции получены новые высокопродуктивные формы Raphanus sativus L., предназначенные для выращивания в открытом грунте Ленинградской области (дайкон) и в условиях интенсивной светокультуры (линии редиса и гибриды F1 редиса и дайкона). Цель исследований усовершенствование разработанной авторами методологии ускоренной селекции при создании новых высокопродуктивных форм Raphanus sativus L., адаптированных к конкретным условиям выращивания. При проведении исследований изучено внутривидовое разнообразие корнеплодных культур вида Raphanus sativus L. (более 60 образцов разных экологогеографических групп и происхождения) при выращивании их в интенсивной светокультуре. Растения культивировали под лампами ДНаТ400 и ДНаЗ400 при облучении 70 80 Вт/м2 ФАР. Корнеобитаемой средой служил торф с минеральными добавками, увлажняемый ежедневно раствором 1 н Кнопа при чередовании с водой. Оценена реакция различных сортов лобы и дайкона (35 образцов) на действие длинного дня (18часовой фотопериод) и низких яровизирующих температур, провоцирующих преждевременное цветение. Выделены наиболее резистентные к этим факторам образцы, при гибридизации которых получены трансгрессивные формы дайкона с комплексной устойчивостью к раннему стеблеванию. На их основе создан высокопродуктивный сорт дайкона Петербургский, обладающий устойчивостью к действию длинного дня и пониженных температур, предназначенный для весенних посадок в открытый грунт Ленинградской области. При селекции редиса разработана и реализована стратегия получения высокопродуктивных форм, адаптированных для выращивания в интенсивной светокультуре. Выявлены сорта, способные обеспечивать урожай корнеплодов товарного качества до 3 кг/м2 за 25 суток вегетации, а также сорта редиса источники хозяйственно ценных признаков, реализуемых в этих условиях (максимальная длина/диаметр корнеплода, короткий вегетационный период, устойчивость к стеблеванию, компактная розетка листьев, неопушенный лист и др. Подобраны комбинации скрещивания, в потомстве которых получены гетерозисные и трансгрессивные гибриды, на 160 230 превышающие по массе корнеплодов родительские сорта. На их основе созданы высокопродуктивные скороспелые линии редиса для светокультуры с урожайностью 4,5 5 кг/м2 за 23 25 суток от посева. Показана перспективность работы с гибридным потомством в комбинации скрещивания редис дайкон. Получены гетерозисные гибриды F1 с массой корнеплода 100 150 г (товарная урожайность до 7 кг/м2), формирующиеся за 42 дня от посева.New highly productive forms of Raphanus sativus L. were obtained at the Agrophysical Research Institute (FSBSI ARI) agrophysical Research Institute), using the original methodology of accelerated breeding. They are intended for cultivation in the open ground of the Leningrad Region (daikon) and under conditions of intensive light culture (small radish lines and F1 hybrids of small radish and daikon). The aim of the research is to improve the methodology of accelerated selection developed by the authors for the creation of new highly productive forms of Raphanus sativus L. adapted to specific growing conditions. At first stage, the intraspecific diversity of root crops of the species Raphanus sativus L. (more than 60 cultivars of different groups and origin) was studied in intense light culture. Plants were grown under DNAT400 and DRIKZ400 lamps with irradiation intensity of 70 80 W/m2 of PAR. Root medium was the peat with mineral additives, moisturize daily with a Knop solution by alternating with water. The reactions of different varieties of the East Asian radishes (35 cultivars) on long day conditions (18hour photoperiod) and low spring temperatures were evaluated. The most resistant to these stressors cultivars were identified, and hybridization of them produced transgressive forms of daikon with complex resistance. The revealing of these forms and the subsequent stabilizing selection were performed in the open ground in the Leningrad region at sowing in the first decade of may. As a result of the research, a highly productive variety of daikon Peterburgskyi, adapted to spring sowing in the open ground of the Leningrad region, was obtained. When breeding new forms of radish for light culture, the collection of cultivars of different origin was studied and varieties were identified with a yield of commercial root crops up to 3 kg/m2 for 25 days of vegetation, as well as varieties that are sources of economically valuable traits implemented in conditions of intensive light culture (the maximum length/diameter of the root crop, early maturity, resistance to bolting, compact rosette, glabrous leaf type and etc). Combinations of crosses were selected, in the progeny of which heterotic and transgressive hybrids are obtained, that are 160 230 higher than the parent varieties by weight of root crops. On their basis, highly productive early ripening lines of radish for light culture were created with a yield of 4.5 5 kg/m2 for 23 25 days from sowing. Moreover, the prospectivity of selection work with hybrid offspring in a crossbreeding combination of small radish and daikon in light culture is shown. Heterotic F1 hybrids with a root mass of 100 150 g (yield up to 7 kg/m2) formed 42 days after sowing, were obtained.

scholarly journals The Influence of sowing time of red beet seeds on root crops storage

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
P. Bezvikonnyu ◽  
R. Myalkovsky ◽  
V. Tarasyuk
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Storage Methods

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of seed sowing time on the red beet root crops conservation in the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It has been established that sowing periods affect the germination of red beet root. Thus, the lowest total losses were observed for sowing on May 1–4 in all the studied hybrids, namely in the Bettollo F1 hybrid – 6.7 %, the Voyevoda F1 – 9.9 %, and in the Ronda F1 hybrid – 14.9 %, respectively. The biggest losses were observed for sowing in the early spring term, since sowing beetroot in the early term results in the roots overripening, aging, cracking, they germinate during storage and become less resistant to rotting microorganisms. The highest output of commodity products was observed under sowing in late spring time. In this case, the yield of markered root beet root in the Bettollo F1 hybrid was 93.3 %, the Voyevoda F1 – 90.1 %, and in the Ronda F1 hybrid – 85.1 %, respectively. Bettolo F1 hybrid root crops were better preserved than others, which we believe is due to the mass of root crops, since the conservation of large and medium-sized root crops is higher than that of small ones. It should also be noted that the total root loss was lower under storage in boxes with a plastic insert, than that under the root loss stored in the boxes. Thus, the lowest total root loss was observed in the Bettollo F1 hybrid – 5.2–7.6 %, which is 0.1–2.0 % less than the Voyevoda F1 hybrid and 3.2–6.9 % less than in the Ronda F1 hybrid. In the Bettolo F1 hybrid, the disease losses were insignificant compared to the Voyevoda F1 and Ronda F1 hybrids and made 2.8–4.0 %. The natural weight loss in the hybrid Bettollo F1 was 2.4–3.6 %, which is almost on par with the hybrid Voyevoda F1 2.3–4.2 %, but much less than in the hybrid Ronda F1 3.8–6.6 %. Comparing the storage methods, it should be noted that storage root crops in boxes with a plastic insert contributes to a higher output of marketed products compared to variants where the root crops were stored in boxes in bulk. Thus, storage root crops in boxes with a plastic insert is the best way to store root beets as it allows to save the product with minimal loss. Key words: storage properties, hybrid, total losses, commodity products output, boxes, boxes with a plastic insert.

scholarly journals Regularities of beet root crop yield formation based on retrospective data

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 10007
Author(s):  
Elena Melikhova
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Joint Influence ◽  
Additional Equipment ◽  
Factor C ◽  
The Impact

The article presents a statistical model of the impact of agromeliorative factors, including methods and modes of irrigation on the productivity of beet root crops in the combination of drip irrigation and fine sprinkling (MAV). The experiments were carried out according to a three – factor scheme providing for the regulation of the phytoclimate (factor A): A1 - drip irrigation; A2-drip irrigation together with the management of the phytoclimate by MAV. Hydrothermal regulation of the phytoclimate was carried out using additional equipment with an interval of 1 hour during the entire vegetation period, provided that the air temperature was higher than the biologically optimal 26°C. the parameters of controlling the lowest humidity of HB (factor B) were taken: B1 – 70 %; B2 – 80 %. On the basis of the dispersion statistical analysis of the results of field studies, the following statistically significant shares of their participation in the formation of the crop were established: factor A – 23%, factor B – 29%, factor C – 44%. The revealed joint influence of factors A and C on the variability of the crop of root crops, the share of which was two percent, exceeds the value of the influence of other pair interactions.

scholarly journals Effect of plant’s alimentation area on productivity of Oregano plants (Origanum vulgare L.) under conditions of a drip irrigation

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
N. V. Pryvedeniuk ◽  
A. P. Shatkovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
First Year ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Second Year

Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) – is a perennial medicinal plant, its medicinal raw material is the aerial part collected in the flowering phase. When laying industrial plantations of oregano, the seedling method of propagation is mainly used, since after germination the plants slowly develop and compete weakly with weeds. The condition for survival of seedlings is high soil moisture, which can be achieved only with its artificial wetting - irrigation. An analysis of the literature indicates that today the issue of the cultivation pattern and nutrition area of oregano in the conditions of drip irrigation is not well understood. The aim of the conducted experimental studies was to establish the influence of the method of growing seedlings and plant’s alimentationon area on the growth and development of oregano under drip irrigation. The main research method is a field experiment, supplemented by analytical and static data processing methods. According to research’s results, it has been established that an increase in the area of plant nutrition contributes to an increase in the mass of the aerial parts and the area of leaves, and also reduces the height of plants during both the first and second years of vegetation. It was proved that the most favorable conditions for plant’s growth and development under the conditions of drip irrigation were in the variant with the largest nutrition area with planting density of 41,7 thousand plants·ha-1 (60x40 cm pattern). The mass of the aerial parts of plants with this method of growing in the first year of vegetation was 110,5-133,0 g ·plant-1 with the largest leaf area – 0,287-0,346 m2·plant-1 and 218,1-328,7 g ·plant-1, 0,568-0,855 m2·plant-1, respectively - in the second year of vegetation. The maximum height of plants – 37,0-37,7 cm in the first year of plant vegetation and 68,5-72,6 cm in the second year of vegetation was established in the variants with the smallest plant nutrition area: with a growing scheme of  60x10 cm (166,7 thousand ·ha-1). The smallest plant’s height in the first year of vegetation was 31,1-33,5 cm, in the second year – 37,5-48,4 cm in the variant of growing scheme 60x40 cm (41,7 thousand plants ·ha-1). When studying the influence of the method of growing seedlings on the mass of the aerial part and the area of leaves, their high parameters were found in variants with the laying of seedlings from spring sowing cassettes, where the mass of the aerial part was 103,8 g / plant with a leaf area of 0,236 m2 ·plant-1. The minimum weight of the aerial part is 92,3 g·plant-1 with a leaf area of 0,210 m2 ·plant-1 was found in variants with seedlings on cassettes from the autumn sowing period.

scholarly journals Breeding of source material for radish breeding

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
М.А. Косенко ◽  
Л.Н. Тимакова
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
State Register ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Japanese Radish ◽  
Dark Colour ◽  
Dark Green

Сорта редьки в России представлены тремя географическими группами – европейской, китайской и японской. Основа современной методологии селекционной работы по корнеплодным культурам – создание сортопопуляций и гибридов корнеплодов с привлекательным внешним видом и достаточно высокой питательной ценностью, пригодных для новых технологий выращивания и переработки с целью удовлетворения требований рынка. На период 2020 года в Госреестр включено 96 сортов, из которых 22 – редька зимняя, 8 – редька летняя, и 1 гибрид F1, 25 – лоба и 2 гибрида F1, дайкон – 28, и 10 гибридов. В ассортиментной структуре рынка овощной продукции столовые корнеплоды занимают 24%, из которых наиболее востребованы как в производстве, так и в личных подсобных хозяйствах свекла и морковь столовая (занимают около 120 тыс. га посевных площадей), а также редис, репа, пастернак, редька, брюква, дайкон и т.д., выращиваемые на меньших площадях, в личных подсобных хозяйствах, но их роль в рациональном и полезном питании человека очень важна. Цель исследований – оценить коллекционный материал редьки китайской (лоба), редьки японской (дайкон), и редьки европейской по хозяйственно ценным признакам (форма, окраска и масса товарного корнеплода,) для использования в селекционном процессе по созданию новых сортов и гибридов. Объектом исследований служили 15 сортообразцов редьки, в том числе 6 сортов редьки китайской (лоба), 4 сортов редьки японской (дайкон), 5 сортов редьки европейской отечественной селекции. 3 сорта, полученные в Агрохолдинге «Поиск». По интенсивности окраски листа отмечено, что 66,7% сортов имели зеленую, 26,7% темно-зеленую и у 6,6 % – светло-зеленую окраску листа. С темной окраской выделились сорта: редьки китайской Маргеланская и Мисато пинк, редьки японской Алмаз, редьки европейской Ночка. Общая урожайность сортов изменялась от 25,4 (Барыня) до 87,7 т/га (Миноваси). Уровень товарности варьировал от 88,1 до 97,5%. Наибольший показатель был отмечен у сорта Мисато пинк. Cultivars of radish in Russia are represented by three geographical groups – European, Chinese and Japanese. The basis of the modern methodology of breeding work on root crops is the creation of variety populations and hybrids of root crops with an attractive appearance and a sufficiently high nutritional value, suitable for new technologies of growing and processing in order to meet the requirements of the market. For the period of 2020, the state register includes 96 cultivars, of which 22 – winter radish, 8 – summer radish, and 1 F1hybrid, 25 – loba and 2 F1 hybrids, daikon – 28, and 10 hybrids. In the assortment structure of the market of vegetable products, table root crops occupy 24%, of which the most popular crops, both in production and in personal subsidiary farms, are beet and carrots (about 120 thousand ha) as well as radish, turnip, parsnip, radish, rutabaga, daikon, etc., grown on smaller areas, in private farms, but their role in the rational and healthy human nutrition is very important. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the collection material of Chinese radish (Loba), Japanese radish (daikon), European radish on economically valuable characteristics (shape, color and weight of marketable root crops) for use in the selection process to create new varieties and hybrids. The object of research was 15 cultivars of radish, including 6 of Chinese radish (Loba), 4 of Japanese radish (daikon), 5 of European radish of domestic selection. 3 bred in the Poisk Agro Holding. According to the intensity of leaf colour, 66.7% of cultivars had green, 26.7% dark green, and 6.6 % light green leaf color. With a dark colour: Chinese radish Margelanskaya and Misato pink, Japanese radish Almaz, European radish Nochka. The total yield of the cultivars varied from 25.4 mm (Lady) to 87.7 t/ha (Inovasi). The level of marketability varied from 88.1 to 97.5%. The highest indicator was observed in the Misato pink cultivars.

Influence of the spectral composition of optical radiation on the growth and development of the strawberries

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
A. A. Smirnov ◽  
Y. A. Proshkin ◽  
A. V. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Optical Radiation ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Red Radiation ◽  
Different Parts

Recently, urban farms for growing green and berry crops with artificial light are gaining popularity. The effect of different parts of the spectrum in the visible region on vegetable and berry crops has been studied extensively, but the influence of ultraviolet and far red radiation requires more detailed studies. The purpose of the work was to study the influence of the spectral composition of the radiation of LEDs on the flowering and fruiting of strawberries. For research Elan F1 and Florian F1 hybrids of everbearing strawberries were chosen. Plants were grown in phytocameras on racks with artificial LED lighting. It has been established that with a fraction of the far red component of at least 15 % in radiation, an increase in leaf area and the length of peduncles occurs.

Features of impulse sprinkling technology

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1178-1184
Author(s):  
Ye. V. Angold ◽  
V. A. Zharkov ◽  
A. A. Kalashnikov ◽  
N. N. Balgabayev
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Applied Technology ◽  
The Given

The principle of non-stop water supply to plants and soil in accordance with their water intake is progressive. Drip irrigation and impulse sprinkling correspond to this principle. Drip irrigation provides optimal water and nutrient regimes directly to the root system of plants. However, this irrigation is not effective enough under conditions of high temperature (over 25–35 °C) as growth processes are known to slow down and photosynthesis to cease, consequently affecting the yielding capacity. Impulse sprinkling provides optimal moisture level in the given layer, improved microclimate in the plant environment and water regime of plants within the whole vegetation period and is most effective within daytime. Through improvement of microclimate and plants' water regime within periods of high temperature and low air humidity under the conditions of South Kazakhstan, the technology of impulse sprinkling enabled increasing productivity of a clonal rootstock mother plantation for the 3 years of research on average by 19.4% compared to regular sprinkling. The applied technology provided optimization of layers' growth and development conditions upon decrease of the moistening of the soil layer of mother plantation bushes for derogation of their water regime after hilling the grown root layers.

The effect of drip irrigation on the growth and development of plum seedlings in a nursery-garden in the conditions of the Central Non-Black Soil Region of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Nikolay Dubenok ◽  
Aleksandr Gemonov ◽  
Aleksandr Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
First Year ◽  
Moisture Capacity ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Black Soil Region ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Second Year

One of the possible ways to ensure safety is to use drip irrigation, which also improves the quality and productivity of crops. The aim of the work is to study the availability of moisture in the soil for the growth and development of cream seedlings grown in a fruit nursery in the conditions of the Non-Black Soil Zone of Russia. Research conducted on the lands of the educational experimental farm of the fruit-growing laboratory «Michurinsky Garden» of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in 2018 and 2019. The results of field experience indicate that for a more rational use of irrigation water and obtaining highquality vegetable oils in the nursery, it is recommended to use an irrigation regime with maintaining soil moisture in the range of 80–100 % lowest moisture capacity with a dredging depth of 30 cm in the first year and 40 cm in the second year.

scholarly journals Macroelement content in plants after amendment application to cobalt-contaminated soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1769-1784
Author(s):  
Milena Kosiorek ◽  
Mirosław Wyszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Control Block ◽  
Main Crop

Abstract Aim The study was undertaken to determine the effect of amendments used in remediation of cobalt-contaminated soil on the macroelement content of all organs of spring barley (the main crop) and white mustard (the after-crop). Methods In the experiment, six blocks were selected: without amendments; with manure (bovine, granulated); clay; charcoal; zeolite; and with calcium oxide (50%). In each of the blocks, increasing doses of cobalt were applied: 0, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 mg kg−1 of soil. Results Cobalt-contaminated soil and amendments application had a significant effect on macroelement content of all organs of both plants. Conclusions In blocks without amendments, 80 mg Co kg−1 contributed the most increase in nitrogen, sodium, and calcium contents of both organs of spring barley. Cobalt-contaminated soil increased content of all macroelements in white mustard organs. Application of amendments to soil had strong impact on phosphorus, sodium, and calcium contents of organs of both plant species, compared to the control block (without amendments). Among the amendments, manure had the greatest effect on the content of macroelements in plants. Manure increased phosphorus, potassium, and sodium contents of all organs of both plants. The optimal content of macroelements is extremely important for the growth and development of plants, especially on soils contaminated with trace elements, including cobalt.

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