scholarly journals Key Factors Driving the Demand for Cruising and Challenges Facing the Cruise Industry in the Future

Tourism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Doris Peručić ◽  
Marijana Greblički
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Cruise Industry ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Cruise Lines

Cruises were the fastest growing sector in the travel industry. The rapid growth in demand was created originally by demand from North America, more recently Europe, and finally the rest of the world, China and Australia in particular. One of the main reasons for the rapid development and growth in popularity of cruises is that the cruise lines were successfully adapting to new travel trends delivering cruise ships with facilities and experiences tailored to the needs of travellers from all market segments. The corona crisis hit the cruise industry heavily and disrupted all plans, schedules and forecasts. This paper aims to analyze which factors were driving the demand for cruising on the world's leading source markets and the challenges facing the industry in a post-pandemic world. The findings show that the rapid growth in demand of cruise tourism was due to several factors, including the long-term growth in consumers’ disposable income, the adaptation of products to the requirements of new source markets and different market segments, more cruise capacity in new regions, and the development of national cruise brands.

scholarly journals Apocalypse Now or Overreaction to Coronavirus: The Global Cruise Tourism Industry Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Radic ◽  
Rob Law ◽  
Michael Lück ◽  
Haesang Kang ◽  
Antonio Ariza-Montes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Cruise Industry ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Systematic Failure ◽  
Cruise Lines

The current COVID-19 cruise tourism crisis has evolved to epic proportions and placed some of the cruise lines on the verge of bankruptcy. This research aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the crisis. Using an inductive qualitative approach, interviews were conducted with eight frequent cruisers who were at home and eight cruise ship employees who were employed by various cruise companies and who were working on cruise ships during the COVID-19 cruise tourism crisis. The findings revealed a systematic failure within the cruise industry management to understand the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of this study highlight the importance of health-related perceived risks on the nature and impact of the COVID-19 cruise tourism crisis. This study supports the overall theory of cruise tourism and crisis management by extending the chaos theory and its principals on the COVID-19 cruise tourism crisis. The managerial implications for cruise lines are outlined.

scholarly journals Globalization and Regionalization: Empirical Evidence from Itinerary Structure and Port Organization of World Cruise of Cunard

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 7893
Author(s):  
Xumao Li ◽  
Chengjin Wang ◽  
César Ducruet
Keyword(s):  
Cruise Industry ◽  
Global Industry ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Local Mobility ◽  
The World ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Other World ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Geographical Space

Cruise tourism is an obviously global industry in different dimensions. From a geographical perspective, cruise ships are mobile and capable of being repositioned at a company’s notice, which forms the inherent basis for its global spatial layout. As a branch of the cruise industry, the world cruise is clearly globalizing in geographical space by offering long itinerary, even round-the-world trips, for everyone. Using the schedule data from 2018 to 2019, this paper analyzes the spatial characteristics of the itinerary and port organization of Cunard, a world cruise company. We find that the itinerary distribution and port organization of Cunard are both globalization and regionalization, and the latter is the core and main component of the former. Under the influence of the COVID-19 epidemic, the global mobility of cruises has ground to a halt, while local mobility offers the possibility of its resumption as soon as possible. Turning to the regional voyage with the shorter and simple itinerary is feasible for Cunard and other world cruises, which is conducive to the realization of the resuming voyage as soon as possible. Moreover, strict boarding and safety onboard are essential.

scholarly journals New Opportunities for Cruise Tourism: The Case of Italian Historic Towns

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Mangano ◽  
Gian Marco Ugolini
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Excessive Pressure ◽  
Cruise Industry ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Aesthetic Values ◽  
Cruise Lines

The cruise industry has grown worldwide in the last decades and, today, it is often associated with high levels of pollution and overtourism. This is especially true of areas where tourism cruises are a long-established sector, such as the Mediterranean and Italy in particular, where there is growing concern of the consequences of excessive pressure on popular tourist destinations. To reduce such side effects, it is necessary to develop new and sustainable tourism management policies. Our study explores the potential of the diversification of shore excursions offered by cruise lines to relieve pressure on popular destinations. As a case study, we focus on a subset of Italian villages that have received quality certifications (Bandiere arancioni and/or Borghi più belli d’Italia) because of their artistic, historical, cultural, and aesthetic values. Thanks to their proximity to major Italian ports, these villages offer opportunities for shore excursions alternative to some classic and very popular destinations such as Rome, Venice, Pisa, and Florence. The benefits of shore excursions to peripheral destinations are particularly relevant when visits include overnights.

scholarly journals Sustainable Cruise Tourism in Marine World Heritage Sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee K. Cerveny ◽  
Anna Miller ◽  
Scott Gende
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
Industry Sectors ◽  
Cruise Lines

Cruise-ship tourism is one of the fastest growing industry sectors, with itineraries that regularly visit marine parks and protected areas. UNESCO Marine World Heritage (MWH) Sites feature some of the world’s most exceptional ecosystems, resulting in some cruise lines targeting these sites. To understand the extent of cruise ship visitation and determine perceptions of cruise ship sustainability within and across environmental, economic, and sociocultural dimensions, we conducted an online survey of 45 (out of 50) sites. The survey included responses about the characteristics of cruise ship visitation, strategies for sustainably managing ships, and ideas for encouraging sustainable practices. Among the 45 respondents, 30 (67%) indicated that their MWH site hosts cruise ships or cruise ship passengers, and 25 sites have cruise ships that enter the protected area marine waters. Most sites (62%) indicated an increase in cruise visitation over the last three years. While most sites regulate ballast water (73%) and wastewater (73%) discharge, common concerns focused on ship air emissions and wildlife interactions. Lack of funds generated by cruise ships toward community infrastructure was noted. MWH site managers expressed interest in developing site networks to facilitate sharing of ideas as a first step for increasing sustainability across all sites.

scholarly journals Dynamism Patterns of Western Mediterranean Cruise Ports and the Coopetition Relationships Between Major Cruise Ports

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeronimo Esteve-Perez ◽  
Antonio Garcia-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Differentiated Products ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Cruise Industry ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Cruise Lines

Abstract The Mediterranean Sea has seen an increase of ports hosting cruise ships during the first fifteen years of the 21st century. The increase in cruise ship presence in Mediterranean ports is associated with the dynamism of cruise traffic in recent years, with an average annual growth of 7.45% for cruise passengers worldwide during the period of 1990-2015. Cruise traffic is a maritime business that is primarily composed of two elements, maritime affairs and tourism. This article focuses on the maritime component. With the growth of the cruise industry, cruise lines have been forced to seek new ports to meet demand in an attempt to create differentiated products based on the ports that compose the itinerary. The itinerary system of cruise traffic makes the cruise ports depend on one another to design an itinerary. This feature results in both complex geographic relationships in the design of a cruise itinerary and complex competitive/cooperative relationships between ports. The aim of this article is to present the hierarchic picture of a sample of 29 cruise ports in the Western Mediterranean region during the period of 2000-2015. To achieve this goal, a port size classification is proposed and a shift-share analysis at the inter- and intra-group size level is applied. Moreover, concentration measures are used to determine the changes in the levels of market concentration. Furthermore, a dynamic model is proposed to determine the competitive or cooperative relationships between cruise ports. The proposed model is applied to the largest ports with data from the 2001-2015 period.

scholarly journals Cruise industry in Romania – An emerging market

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 528-536
Author(s):  
Emanuela Anton
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Travel Agency ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Cruise Industry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Cruise Line

Abstract Cruise tourism has experienced an enormous growth in the last few decades and the future of this industry is also encouraging. The Caribbean and the Mediterranean Sea, the two major destinations, offer the most exciting itineraries since the beginning of this industry. The cruise passenger’s perception about destinations, onboard and onshore aspects have been less investigated in the past years but this information shall be used for planning and developing marketing materials, new cruise itineraries, ship designs and shore excursions. The following study was conducted in Romania and aims to clarify the Romanian passenger’s perception about cruise destinations and their preferences. Using a quantitative method, the research is based on some of the most representative international studies as well as a survey sent to the most active customers of a cruise travel agency in Romania, who have shown interest in this kind of trip at least once. As a qualitative research method, a convenience sample of participants were recruited through the researcher’s professional contacts in the cruise and travel industry. Among other conclusions following this research, the most important aspect for a Romanian guest is the itinerary of the cruise ship, followed by the price and the embarkation port. The number of sea days, the service quality onboard and the cruise line are also relevant when choosing a cruise vacation.

scholarly journals Impact of Cruise Activity on Freshwater Use in the Port of Palma (Mallorca, Spain)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Celso Garcia ◽  
Christian Mestre-Runge ◽  
Enrique Morán-Tejeda ◽  
Jorge Lorenzo-Lacruz ◽  
Dolores Tirado
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
Freshwater Use ◽  
Water Volumes ◽  
Cruise Lines

Lack of knowledge about freshwater use in ports of tourist destinations hinders accurate assessment of water availability and water planning. In this study, freshwater use in the Port of Palma (Spain) is analyzed by sector (commercial, mixed, navy and recreational) for the period 2007–2018. This study shows the dynamics of consumption and evaluates the effects of increased cruise tourism from 2007 to 2018 in the port. Water data supplied by the Port Authority of the Balearic Islands for each sector, together with water volumes recharged by ships, allow a detailed analysis of the water used by merchants and cruise lines. Results reveal a significant increase in freshwater withdrawals by cruise ships in the Port of Palma in the last ten years, closely related to the boom of cruise activity. Water use and recharge by cruise ships increased in both the high and low tourist seasons. Homeport cruises have a significant effect on the increase of freshwater withdrawals, as each homeport cruise ship recharged a mean volume of 628 m3 per mooring. This paper proposes a water withdrawal indicator of liters loaded per passenger at the port. Given the current lack of restriction on the number of cruise ships per day docking in the Port of Palma, cruise activity may well become a threat to water availability during drought episodes and another environmental cost to add to the already questioned cruise tourism activity of the island.

Responsible Tourism and the Cruise Industry by Harold Goodwin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
International Association ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Cruise Industry ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Cruise Lines ◽  
Responsible Tourism

The growth of the cruise industry raises significant challenges for the three pillars of the sustainability agenda: environmental, socio-cultural and economic. These problems compounded by issues of extra-territoriality and conflicts between local authorities and national governments. Venice and Barcelona suffer from overtourism, a problem exacerbated by the arrival of larger and larger cruise ships which discharge thousands of tourists daily into cities already crowded with tourists. Neither city has any control over the number of ships docking. By contrast, the Mayor of Dubrovnik was able to sign an agreement with the Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) to cap the number of cruise ships to two per day carrying a total of 5,000 tourists.

scholarly journals Globalization of the Cruise Industry: A Tale of Ships Part II - Asia Post 1994

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew O. Coggins
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
Cruise Industry ◽  
Local Expansion ◽  
Global Industry ◽  
Cruise Ships

Cruising has grown over 7% a year since 1980. Sustained rapid expansion in North America, followed by local expansion in Europe and Asia, has made cruising a global industry, with 365 ships and estimated sales of $37.8 US billion (CIN, 2017). This global development has been fueled by innovation and introduction of market changing resident ships appealing to the mass traveler which were quickly matched by competitors, establishment of industry and port marketing organizations, awareness of cruising as a vacation option, and availability of suitable port and berthing facilities. When these four conditions coexisted the industry experienced rapid growth. Since 1966, the cruise industry has developed from a Miami-centered industry to a global industry centered in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia/New Zealand. Given the high cost of state-of-the-art ships, their deployment is a good indication of industry’s confidence in market growth. This chapter chronicles the development of the Asian cruise industry from 1994 through 2017. Data from Cruise Industry News Annual Reports (CIN) and Berlitz Complete Guide to Cruising and Cruise Ships (Ward) are examined and conclusions are drawn.

The development of cruise tourism in emerging destinations: Evidence from Salento, Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Pino ◽  
Alessandro M Peluso
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Development ◽  
Integrated Services ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Cruise Industry ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Cruise Lines

This study aimed at identifying the factors that likely favor or hinder the development of cruise tourism in an emerging Southern Italian tourist destination. We conducted semistructured interviews with key players in this business, showing that the following are relevant enablers of cruise tourism development: the accessibility of tourist resources, the supply of integrated services to cruise lines and their passengers, cooperative relationships among private and public operators, and the creation of a distinctive image. However, cruise tourism development can be inhibited by poor professionalism on the part of tourist firms, the lack of a clear tourist regulatory framework, the fragmentation of the shore-based offer, and the risk of environmental degradation. The study thus contributes to the research on cruise tourism development, which is still in its infancy, and provides policymakers and practitioners with suggestions for facilitating the emergence of the cruise industry.

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