scholarly journals Advanced Nanomaterial Based Solutions to Mitigate the Challenges of COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Ashish Yadav ◽  
◽  
Ashish Mathur ◽  
Zheng Hongyu ◽  
Rajeev Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Early Prevention ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Monitoring And Surveillance ◽  
Trace Concentrations ◽  
Critical Overview

The worldwide healthcare response to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) has led to the developments of several highly specialized techniques for diagnosis, for example, whole genome sequencing and computed tomography imaging. Considerable effort is also being directed towards detecting and preventing different modes of community transmission. One such mode of transmission, the presence of the virus on various surfaces that people may come in contact with, is being countered with the rapid detection. To this end, non-contact, optical techniques-based detection of COVID-19 have been shown to be useful for early prevention of spread of the virus by identifying infected surfaces. Especially, researchers have demonstrated nanomaterials-enabled diagnostic methods for rapid and early detection of SARS-CoV-2. It is believed that nanotechnology-based innovations particularly in the fields of diagnostics and therapeutics can provide solutions to the very complex problems of COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we present a critical overview of recent literature that specifically addresses how nano-engineered materials are enabling the effective and rapid diagnosis of COVD-19. Prominent techniques are described that show high accuracy of detection even in trace concentrations, which is achieved by measuring color change and also light-sensitive nanomaterials. Fingerprint techniques that enable identification of virus that is present at the surface are also described. Finally, we present a brief perspective of using nanomaterials in diagnostics, monitoring and surveillance to battle against highly contagious viruses in order to mitigate and prevent future global health emergencies.

scholarly journals Point-of-Use Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2: Nanotechnology-Enabled Solutions for the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 5126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Rabiee ◽  
Mojtaba Bagherzadeh ◽  
Amir Ghasemi ◽  
Hossein Zare ◽  
Sepideh Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Trace Concentrations

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the COVID-19 pandemic that has been spreading around the world since December 2019. More than 10 million affected cases and more than half a million deaths have been reported so far, while no vaccine is yet available as a treatment. Considering the global healthcare urgency, several techniques, including whole genome sequencing and computed tomography imaging have been employed for diagnosing infected people. Considerable efforts are also directed at detecting and preventing different modes of community transmission. Among them is the rapid detection of virus presence on different surfaces with which people may come in contact. Detection based on non-contact optical techniques is very helpful in managing the spread of the virus, and to aid in the disinfection of surfaces. Nanomaterial-based methods are proven suitable for rapid detection. Given the immense need for science led innovative solutions, this manuscript critically reviews recent literature to specifically illustrate nano-engineered effective and rapid solutions. In addition, all the different techniques are critically analyzed, compared, and contrasted to identify the most promising methods. Moreover, promising research ideas for high accuracy of detection in trace concentrations, via color change and light-sensitive nanostructures, to assist fingerprint techniques (to identify the virus at the contact surface of the gas and solid phase) are also presented.

scholarly journals The Dangers of Barbecuing: An Interesting Case of a Foreign Body in the Throat

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-302
Author(s):  
Vincent Sicari ◽  
Joseph Pepe ◽  
Alfonso Cardenas ◽  
Christopher Zabbo
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Tomography Imaging ◽  
Common Complaint ◽  
Emergency Department Setting

Swallowing of foreign bodies (FB), and sensation of such in the throat, is a common complaint in the emergency department setting, with roughly 80,000 visits in 2010 for FB ingestion.1 Grill wire brushes are a rarely reported, accidental FB ingestion, although recent literature suggests that it is more common than initially thought.2 This is a report of a female with acute onset odynophagia after a meal, with a normal laryngoscopic exam that used flexible fiberoptics. Evidence of a metallic linear density was present in the retropharynx on computed tomography imaging, most consistent with a wire from a grill wire brush.

NEW LIFE IN THE MODERN CULTURAL HISTORY OF DEATH

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 833-852
Author(s):  
HANNAH MALONE
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Critical Overview ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis essay presents a critical overview of recent literature in English on the modern cultural history of death. In order to locate new developments, it charts the evolution of the field from the 1970s until today and distinguishes between French and Anglophone strands in the historiography. A selection of studies published between 2005 and 2015 exemplifies a revival in recent scholarship that hangs on four main innovations: the abandonment of grand narratives of modernization and secularization; an interdisciplinary integration of political, cultural, and intellectual history; greater attention to the individual; and the expansion of the field beyond Europe and North America. Thus, today, the history of death is both local and global, public and private, personal and universal.

scholarly journals Actually-Existing Success: Economics, Aesthetics, and the Specificity of (Still-)Socialist Urbanism

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Murawski
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Economic Stratification ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Critical Overview

AbstractA quarter century following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the people's democracies, many of the dwellings, utilities, and public spaces built by these regimes continue to be cherished by their inhabitants and users. This has only increased as post-socialist urban landscapes undergo an ever-intensifying process of neoliberal “re-privatization,” de-planning, and spatial as well as economic stratification. Scholars, however, continue to produce accounts emphasizing how socialist cities and buildings, as well as the audacious social goals built into them, failed. This article provides a critical overview of recent literature on built socialism and identifies a tension between two parallel ethnographic and historical narratives. One argues that built socialism failed, because it was too obsessed with the economy and industry and neglected every other aspect of social life. The other pins the blame for failure on built socialism's alleged fixation with aesthetic or discursive realms and its corresponding neglect of the economy. The article closes by suggesting pathways for comparative scholarship that consider built socialism in terms of not only collapse and disintegration, but also success and endurance; not simply ofeithereconomyoraesthetics, but also of their reciprocal inter-determination and co-dependence. We must look beyond the lens of imported theories and consider “vernacular” or “emic” concepts rooted in the specificities and singularities of the socialist city itself.

scholarly journals Current Controversies in the Prediction, Diagnosis, and Management of Cerebral Vasospasm: Where Do We Stand?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Lee ◽  
Scott L. Zuckerman ◽  
J. Mocco
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Ct Perfusion ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Ct Perfusion Imaging ◽  
Endothelin Antagonists ◽  
Active Research

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs in approximately 30,000 persons in the United States each year. Around 30 percent of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage suffer from cerebral ischemia and infarction due to cerebral vasospasm, a leading cause of treatable death and disability following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods used to predict, diagnose, and manage vasospasm are the topic of recent active research. This paper utilizes a comprehensive review of the recent literature to address controversies surrounding these topics. Evidence regarding the effect of age, smoking, and cocaine use on the incidence and outcome of vasospasm is reviewed. The abilities of different computed tomography grading schemes to predict vasospasm in the aftermath of subarachnoid hemorrhage are presented. Additionally, the utility of different diagnostic methods for the detection and visualization of vasospasm, including transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, CT angiography, digital subtraction angiography, and CT perfusion imaging is discussed. Finally, the recent literature regarding interventions for the prophylaxis and treatment of vasospasm, including hyperdynamic therapy, albumin, calcium channel agonists, statins, magnesium sulfate, and endothelin antagonists is summarized. Recent studies regarding each topic were reviewed for consensus recommendations from the literature, which were then presented.

scholarly journals Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for specific detection of Mycobacterium bovis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0008996
Author(s):  
Thoko Flav Kapalamula ◽  
Jeewan Thapa ◽  
Mwangala Lonah Akapelwa ◽  
Kyoko Hayashida ◽  
Stephen V. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Lamp Method ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis is a significant health threat to cattle and a zoonotic threat for humans in many developing countries. Rapid and accurate detection of M. bovis is fundamental for controlling the disease in animals and humans, and for the proper treatment of patients as one of the first-line anti-TB drug, pyrazinamide, is ineffective against M. bovis. Currently, there are no rapid, simplified and low-cost diagnostic methods that can be easily integrated for use in many developing countries. Here, we report the development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for specific identification of M. bovis by targeting the region of difference 4 (RD4), a 12.7 kb genomic region that is deleted solely in M. bovis. The assay's specificity was evaluated using 139 isolates comprising 65 M. bovis isolates, 40 M. tuberculosis isolates, seven M. tuberculosis complex reference strains, 22 non-tuberculous mycobacteria and five other bacteria. The established LAMP detected only M. bovis isolates as positive and no false positives were observed using the other mycobacteria and non-mycobacteria tested. Our LAMP assay detected as low as 10 copies of M. bovis genomic DNA within 40 minutes. The procedure of LAMP is simple with an incubation at a constant temperature. Results are observed with the naked eye by a color change, and there is no need for expensive equipment. The established LAMP can be used for the detection of M. bovis infections in cattle and humans in resource-limited areas.

COVID-19: Our Current Knowledge of Epidemiology, Pathology, Therapeutic Approaches, and Diagnostic Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faroogh Marofi ◽  
Ramyar Azizi ◽  
Roza Motavalli ◽  
Ghasem Vahedi ◽  
Maryam Nasimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches

: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) firstly emerged in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. After going through the experimental process, the virus was named the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2020 which has created a global pandemic. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is challenging the people who are especially suffering from chronic health problems such as asthma, diabetes, and heart disease or immune system deteriorating disorders, including cancers, Alzheimer's, etc. Other predisposing/risk factors consist of smoking and age (elderly people are at higher risk). The 2019-nCoV attacks epithelial cells in all organs, particularly epithelial cells in the lungs, resulting in viral pneumonia. The 2019-nCoV starts its invasion with the attachment and entry into the respiratory tract epithelial cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on the epithelial cells. The critical problem with 2019-nCoV is its ability in human to the human asymptomatic transmission which causes the rapid and hidden spread of the virus among the population. Also, there are several reports of highly variable and tightly case-dependent clinical manifestations caused by SARS-CoV2, which made the virus more enigmatic. The clinical symptoms are varied from common manifestations which occurred in flu and cold, such as cough, fever, body-ache, trembling, and runny nose to severe conditions, like the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or even uncommon/unusual symptoms such as anosmia, skin color change, and stroke. In fact, besides serious injuries in the respiratory system, COVID-19 invades and damages various organs, including the kidney, liver, gastrointestinal, and nervous system. Accordingly, to cut the transmission chain of disease and control the infection spread. One of the major solutions seems to be early detection of the carriers, particularly the asymptomatic people with the help of sensitive and accurate diagnostic techniques. Moreover, developing novel and appropriate therapeutic approaches will contribute to the suitable management of the pandemic. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to make comprehensive investigations and study reviews about COVID-19, offering the latest findings of novel therapies, drugs, epidemiology, and routes of virus transmission and pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss new therapeutic outcomes and cover and the most significant aspects of COVID-19, including the epidemiology, biological features, organs failure, and diagnostic techniques.

scholarly journals A Review of Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment Modalities for Long Head of Bicep Tendinopathy

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. CMTIM.S39404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Lewis ◽  
Bryan A. Reyes ◽  
Michael S. Khazzam
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Biceps Tendon ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Head

This article reviews the assessment and management of the pathology of the long head of the biceps tendon, a disease commonly encountered by primary care physicians and orthopedic surgeons. We include a discussion of relevant anatomy, function, pathoanatomy, natural history of the disease, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. Recent literature on the function of the long head of the bicep (LHB) is reviewed. Literature on our evolving understanding of the pathoanatomy behind LHB tendinopathy is discussed. We also discuss the effectiveness of current diagnostic and treatment modalities.

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