scholarly journals Monuments on city photos. Interaction and confrontation between the past and the present

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Alexandra L. Yurgeneva
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ritual Action ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
Monuments And Memorials ◽  
Aesthetic Characteristics ◽  
Different Cultures

The paper explores the photos that capture monuments and memorials. A topical issue is the collision of various cultural and temporal layers in the image, as well as the interaction of personal and collective memory, arising as a result of imprinting a person and a monument on a photograph. The aim of the study was to create a typology formulated on the basis of the functions of photographs and their aesthetic characteristics. Each of the types was considered from the point of view of its significance in the culture of memory and in relation to other commemorative practices. Special attention was paid to the touristic photography, acting as a meeting and dialogue of different cultures. The importance of this topic is explained by the active movement of people between cities and countries and the erasure of spatial boundaries in the Internet network, where the bulk of digital photographs circulate. The paper reveals that such images may act as sources of conflict that arises out of the collision of traveler's self-identity and a collective memory of another people. As a result of the study, three main types of images were identified: 1) the monument as an artistic object in the environment, 2) tourist photography, 3) reporting photographs taken during official celebrations. In each case, the imprinting of the monument is subordinated to a specific task. The author comes to the conclusion that photographing monuments meets the needs of secular society in a ritual action expressing respect, attention or interest in relation to an object that preserves the memory of a place, event or person.

Collective Memory

Sociology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Simko
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
State Legitimacy ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Memory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Borders ◽  
Monuments And Memorials ◽  
The Relationship

Collective memory encompasses both the shared frameworks that shape and filter ostensibly “individual” or “personal” memories and representations of the past sui generis, including official texts, commemorative ceremonies, and physical symbols such as monuments and memorials. Sociological work on collective memory traces its origins to Émile Durkheim and his student, Maurice Halbwachs. In the United States, the contemporary sociology of memory coalesced in the 1980s and 1990s, after Barry Schwartz brought renewed attention to Durkheim’s focus on commemoration as well as Halbwachs’s interest in how the past is reconstructed in the present, in the service of present needs, interests, and desires. Though this line of research initially emphasized heroic pasts—particularly national commemorations that bolstered state legitimacy with reference to triumphant episodes—scholars quickly began to address the ways that collectivities grapple with “difficult pasts,” or episodes that evoke shame, regret, and/or dissensus, and that threaten to “spoil” national identity. What is the relationship between memory and forgetting, and related concepts such as silence and denial? Can the increasingly pervasive language of “trauma” help us understand the current preoccupation with difficult pasts in both scholarly literature and public culture? More recently, scholars have critiqued the field’s overwhelming focus on national memory from two angles. First, studies of micro-level memories have revived Halbwachs’s initial interest in the social frameworks that structure (seemingly) individual memories. Second, globalization facilitates connectedness and identification beyond and/or outside of national frames of reference, and thus scholars have pointed to the emergence of “cosmopolitan” memories that create community and solidarity beyond and outside formal political borders.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL AND ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
T.A. MARTIROSOVA ◽  
◽  
E.D. KONDRASHOVA ◽  
D.V. LOGINOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Sports Skills ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Aesthetic Characteristics

Statement of the problem. In the legislation of the Russian Federation, physical culture and sport are prescribed as the most important components of the integral development of the individual. Physical culture and sports are represented by a set of achievements in improving health and forming a healthy lifestyle of the Russian population. Despite the fact that rhythmic gymnastics is a relatively young sport, it should be a physical culture and sports practice for the creative development of the values of sports, and actively used for the comprehensive development of the Russian population. Its means and methods should serve to improve the sports skills of Russian gymnasts to represent them on the international stage, self-improvement, improve performance, increase the body’s resistance to adverse environmental influences, reduce the incidence of diseases in order to preserve the country’s gene pool. The purpose of the article is to consider the development of rhythmic gymnastics in Russia from the point of view of a historical and analytical approach; on the basis of the identified gymnastic systems of the late 19th – early 20th centuries, to form criteria for modern rhythmic gymnastics that improve the athletic skills of gymnasts. Methodology (materials and methods). A review of the scientific literature has shown that the study of the development of rhythmic gymnastics based on a historical and analytical approach is an empirical component for identifying and establishing general historical patterns. Historical phenomena are analyzed on the basis of a logical method of study. The principle of concrete historical research involves the study of the meaningful history of the subject under study in specific empirical manifestations. And the abstract-historical principle reveals historical regularity, without referring to the empirical history itself. The abstract-historical principle reconstructs the selected regularity on the basis of theoretical assumptions. The knowledge gained in the course of studying the past indicates the independent value of information. The historical-analytical approach is based on the “principle of historicism”. In a broad sense, this principle means the need to consider the phenomenon under study in its present state from the perspective of the past, determining the continuity between historical forms. Research results. Within the framework of the historical and analytical approach, the main criteria in modern rhythmic gymnastics are formed, which will serve to improve the sports skills of gymnasts. Conclusions. The formed main criteria of modern rhythmic gymnastics, identified on the basis of gymnastic systems of the late 19th – early 20th centuries, included: technical and artistic performance of compositions. The first reflects the technical and aesthetic characteristics of gymnastic elements and combinations, which include technical and aesthetic characteristics-posture, leg inversion, accuracy of movement, lightness, completeness, unity. The second reveals the ability of gymnasts to create an artistic image, convey feelings and mood through expressive gestures and facial expressions, musicality and dance.

scholarly journals A genetic perspective on human origins

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Matthew Williams ◽  
João Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Origins ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Scientific Fields

Who are we? Where did we come from? Why are we here? These fundamental questions have been widespread throughout human history, shared across different cultures from distant epochs and geographical locations. The search has been as much a philosophical as an empirical one, capturing the imagination of the philosopher, the theologian, the artist and the scientist alike. Hence, the quest for unveiling our origins is probably as old as humanity itself. From a scientific point of view, which we address in the present article, the question of human origins became deeply intertwined with Charles Darwin's theory of evolution in the late 19th century. This led to the development of scientific fields such as palaeoanthropology, which analyses fossil remains, stone tools and cultural artefacts to piece together our past. Recently, however, the possibility to assess genetic information from thousands of individuals across the world and, more importantly, to obtain DNA from specimens that lived thousands of years in the past (so-called ancient DNA [aDNA] analyses) is rapidly transforming long-held beliefs about our origins. As such, we have never been in a better position to ask what do our genomes have to tell us about where we came from. Ultimately, however, can they tell us who we are?

The Construction of Paul’s Self in His Writings: Narrative Identity, Social Memory and Metaphorical Truth

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-265
Author(s):  
Simon Butticaz
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Narrative Identity ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Construction Of Self ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Narrative Mode ◽  
The Church

The article aims to investigate – in two autobiographical fragments of the Pauline writings (1 Cor. 15:8-10 and Gal. 1:13-24) – how the narrative mode enables the apostle to grasp the continuity and coherence of his identity, while integrating in the construction of his self disparate and discordant elements (like the Damascus event) which continually threaten the “narrative unity of a human life” (MacIntyre). Furthermore, since “collective memory” precedes and shapes the individual representation of the past (Halbwachs; Assmann), the article also examines how Paul integrates and negotiates in his construction of self-identity the “communal memories” shared by his social group, and in particular his past as persecutor of the Church. Finally, we shall describe the integration of these autobiographical fragments within their respective literary contexts and explore the “metaphorical truth” – or the “refiguration” of reality – which is produced by these different “configurations” of Pauline identity (Ricoeur).


5TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE PATRIOTIC WAR OF 1812. PRACTICES OF COMMEMORATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-88
Author(s):  
Philipp I. Ulanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Press

This article examines the commemoration practices in marking 5th anniversary of the Patriotic war of 1812. Those celebrations became actually the first commemorative event dedicated to that war. A historical analysis is based on the material of mass media and memoirs of contemporaries. The focal point of the article is the collective memory formation process: what ceremonies were carried out and what goals were pursued by the state, what were the narratives of historical memory that existed in the press. The study of historical memory and its formation means, and specifically with regard to the anniversaries of the Patriotic war of 1812, has become widely prevalent in modern Russian historiography. However, historians rarely focus their attention on the 5th jubilee of the war. The study of that event from the point of view of the memorial history problematic will reveal not only the emerging of the narratives of historical memory, but also will be the starting point in the further study of their evolution and changes. The study of that dynamics is extremely important, because using the memory of the Patriotic war of 1812 has contributed to forming the national identity and self-consciousness of the Russian population over the past two centuries.

scholarly journals Radosława Piwowarskiego podróże nostalgiczne. Kreowanie pamięci wspólnotowej i „realizm pamięci” w narracjach o Dolinie Dzieciństwa i Młodości

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (37) ◽  
pp. 349-363
Author(s):  
Mariola Marczak
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Personal Memory ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Subjective Reality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
Childhood And Youth ◽  
Film Style

The article comprises a study of the creative work of the Polish director Radosław Piwowarski, represented by his most characteristic films. The author points out the merger of stylized realism and of the nostalgic (or to be more precise – the realism stylized by means of nostalgia) as constitutive for the film style of this film artist. As a result of film analyses, the narrative structures of Piwowarski’s films appear to be memory structures, as they re-create the reality remembered by the filmmaker, who usually chooses the topos of a trip down memory lane to express his personal and subjective point of view. The film’s story becomes the image of the subjective reality, since it is a product of personal memory, consciousness and imagination. Piwowarski refers to the motif of the Valley of Childhood and Youth, vivid and active in the Polish literature and cinema, as an universum closed up in the past and lost forever, which, however, is accessible through the activity of recalling. The director, by the act of re-creation of a world personally remembered, actualizes the collective memory and therefore creates a community of memory with viewers of his films. The screen image of the past reality therefore gains double reliability – as a personal confession and as a record of the past; in consequence, we achieve the esthetical category of realism of memory.

Picturing the past: The Berlin Wall at 25

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 701-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Somerstein
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Journalism History ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
The Past ◽  
Textual Representations ◽  
Different Cultures

Although the mass media is an important tool that audiences rely on to learn about the past, the relationship among journalism, history, and memory is still underdeveloped; visual collective memory, like visual studies in other subfields, has received even less attention than written and textual representations of collective memory. To address that gap, this article uses a qualitative content analysis to assess how 15 newspapers commemorated the 25th anniversary of the Berlin Wall’s opening through photographs. Newspapers from countries that were capitalist and communist in 1989 are compared to identify the ways that different cultures ‘remember’ the same past. Five genres of images emerged: iconic photographs, memorials, metonymic and mythological portraits, metonymic relics, and images of resistance, though these genres were framed differently depending on a country’s political system in 1989. In comparing this cross-cultural collective memory, this study looks at what these visual commemorations reveal about cross-cultural anniversary practices, an area of memory studies that has received little attention.

Mıgırdiç Margosyan and Mehmed Uzun: Remembering cultural Pluralism in Diyarbakır

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nüket Esen
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Cultural Pluralism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Short Story Collection ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Religious Cultures

AbstractLiterary narratives offer their audience opportunities to surpass existing monolithic social and cultural identities through reflecting on and representing the past from new perspectives. This article aims to elaborate this argument by a discussion of multi-ethnicity, multiculturalism, reflective nostalgia, and cultural intimacy in the portrayals of Diyarbakir's “Infidel Quarter” in two literary works: Mıgırdiç Margosyan's Gavur Mahallesi and Mehmed Uzun's Nar Çiçekleri. Both works, the former as a short story collection and the latter as a collection of essays, share autobiographical features and reflect the multiculturalism of Diyarbakır in the 1940s and 1950s from the point of view of an Armenian and a Kurd with similar sensitivities. Margosyan and Uzun's works indicate a cultural pluralism in Diyarbakır where different religious cultures used to exist side by side. The intermingling of languages in this neighborhood shows a kind of “inclusive multiculturalism.” Svetlana Boym's differentiation and discussion of two kinds of nostalgia as restorative and reflective, the former as nationalist and the latter as individual or collective memory oriented, help us to evaluate Margosyan and Uzun's works as alternatives to nationalist narratives. Both of these works, dealing with reflective nostalgia through the depiction of cultural intimacy between ethnic groups, provide their audience with possibilities for the future.

Understanding the Communication Needs of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students Who Are Deafblind

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Sandy K. Bowen ◽  
Silvia M. Correa-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Culturally And Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Linguistically Diverse Students ◽  
The Past ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Different Cultures

America's population is more diverse than ever before. The prevalence of students who are culturally and/or linguistically diverse (CLD) has been steadily increasing over the past decade. The changes in America's demographics require teachers who provide services to students with deafblindness to have an increased awareness of different cultures and diversity in today's classrooms, particularly regarding communication choices. Children who are deafblind may use spoken language with appropriate amplification, sign language or modified sign language, and/or some form of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC).

Chelovek.RU/Человек.RU

Chelovek RU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 18-53
Author(s):  
Sergei Avanesov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Philosopher ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pavel Florensky ◽  
The Moment

Abstract. The article analyzes the autobiography of the famous Russian philosopher, theologian and scientist Pavel Florensky, as well as those of his texts that retain traces of memories. According to Florensky, the personal biography is based on family history and continues in children. He addresses his own biography to his children. Memories based on diary entries are designed as a memory diary, that is, as material for future memories. The past becomes actual in autobiography, turns into a kind of present. The past, from the point of view of its realization in the present, gains meaning and significance. The au-thor is active in relation to his own past, transforming it from a collection of disparate facts into a se-quence of events. A person can only see the true meaning of such events from a great distance. Therefore, the philosopher remembers not so much the circumstances of his life as the inner impressions of the en-counter with reality. The most powerful personality-forming experiences are associated with childhood. Even the moment of birth can decisively affect the character of a person and the range of his interests. The foundations of a person's worldview are laid precisely in childhood. Florensky not only writes mem-oirs about himself, but also tries to analyze the problems of time and memory. A person is immersed in time, but he is able to move into the past through memory and into the future through faith. An autobi-ography can never be written to the end because its author lives on. However, reaching the depths of life, he is able to build his path in such a way that at the end of this path he will unite with the fullness of time, with eternity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document