scholarly journals Air Pollution COVID-19 and Forensic Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 602-603
Author(s):  
Luisetto M ◽  
Naseer Al-Mukthar
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Environmental Toxicology ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Spread Velocity ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Forensic Implications ◽  
And Diffusion

COVID-19 and the new variant are a classic example of viral and environmental toxicology link. Observing literature related spread velocity and diffusion of this respiratory virus it is clear the role played by air pollution. The high rate of this environmental pollutant produced a worsening factors that increased mortality rate also.

Others' participation rate influences an individual's charitable behavior: Others' similarity as a moderator

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1607-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Yun Lee ◽  
Sunho Jung ◽  
Sangdo Oh ◽  
Seong Hoon Park
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Charitable Behavior ◽  
High Participation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
High Participation Rate ◽  
Diffusion Of Responsibility

We proposed that a moderator, others' similarity, would determine the impact of high participation rates of others on an individual's charitable behavior, and aimed to show that this moderator would work through the diffusion of responsibility motive. Participants (N = 152 undergraduate students) completed measures of charitable behavior and diffusion of responsibility, after being assigned to 1 of 2 conditions where a set percentage of other students (manipulated as either similar undergraduate students or dissimilar graduate students) were stated to have already donated to a charitable campaign (high contribution condition = 70% participation, low contribution condition = 30% participation). Our results showed that the high participation rate of others increased an individual's charitable behavior when the others in question were similar to that individual, but not when the others were dissimilar. In addition, the high rate of participation by others increased the diffusion of responsibility motive when the others in question were dissimilar to that individual, leading to a negative effect on that individual's charitable behavior.

Investigating the Spread of Coronavirus Disease via Edge-AI and Air Pollution Correlation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
V. Gomathy ◽  
K. Janarthanan ◽  
Fadi Al-Turjman ◽  
R. Sitharthan ◽  
M. Rajesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Machine Learning Method ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Using Data

Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious viral disease affecting millions of people worldwide in 2020. Several studies have shown that COVID-19 results in a severe acute respiratory syndrome and may lead to death. In past research, a greater number of respiratory diseases has been caused by exposure to air pollution for long periods of time. This article investigates the spread of COVID-19 as a result of air pollution by applying linear regression in machine learning method based edge computing. The analysis in this investigation have been based on the death rates caused by COVID-19 as well as the region of death rates based on hazardous air pollution using data retrieved from the Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite. The results obtained in the investigation prove that the mortality rate due to the spread of COVID-19 is 77% higher in areas with polluted air. This investigation also proves that COVID-19 severely affected 68% of the individuals who had been exposed to polluted air.

All-Cause Mortality of Hospital-Treated Borderline Personality Disorder: A Nationwide Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper N⊘rgaard Kjær ◽  
Robert Biskin ◽  
Claus Vestergaard ◽  
Povl Munk-J⊘rgensen
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratio ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Mortality Ratio

Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are known to present frequently in emergency rooms, and they have a high rate of suicide. The mortality rate of patients with BPD is still unclear. The Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register and The Danish Register for Causes of Death were used to identify patients with a first-ever diagnosis of BPD (ICD-10: F60.31) from 1995 through 2011 together with time and cause of death. A total of 10,545 patients with a BPD diagnosis were followed for a mean time of 7.98 years. A total of 547 deaths were registered. The standardized mortality ratio of patients with BPD compared to the general population was 8.3 (95% CI [7.6, 9.1]). More than three inpatient admissions per year or a comorbid diagnosis of substance use disorder correlated with a higher mortality rate. The increased mortality rate in patients with BPD treated in secondary care emphasizes that it is a severe mental disorder.

scholarly journals Perioperative complications of esophagectomy - prevention, diagnosis and management

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Dejan Stojakov ◽  
Predrag Sabljak ◽  
Bratislav Spica ◽  
Dejan Velickovic ◽  
Vladimir Sljukic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Esophageal Resection ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Septic Complications

Esophageal resection with reconstruction is complex surgical procedure with high rate of postoperative morbidity, with decreasing mortality rate during last decades, particularly in high-volume hospitals. Numerous preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors have contribute to incidence and type of complications. Intraoperative haemorrhage and tracheobronchial lesions could be avoid by good surgical judgement and operative technique. Pulmonary complications are often, with multifactorial etiology, and they are the main cause of postoperative mortality after esophagectomy. Dehiscence of esophageal anastomosis could be fatal, and only high index of suspicion and early diagnosis lead to successful treatment. In majority of such cases conservative measures are successful, however, conduit necrosis is indication for surgical reoperation. Vocal cord palsy due to intraoperative injury of recurrent laryngeal nerves is not rare and increases pulmonary complications rate. New onset of arrhythmia could be associate with other surgical complications. Postesophagectomy chylothorax is life-threatening complication due to rapid development of immunosuppression and septic complications, and early ligation of thoracic duct is often mandatory. Intrathoracic herniation of intrabdominal viscera is rare, and ischemic spinal cord lesions are very rare after esophagectomy. Majority of perioperative complications could be prevented or solved, decreasing mortality rate of esophagectomy.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Considerations Exploring Relations between SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic and Air Pollution: Involvement of PM2.5-Mediated Up-Regulation of the Viral Receptor ACE-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Borro ◽  
Paolo Di Girolamo ◽  
Giovanna Gentile ◽  
Ottavia De Luca ◽  
Robert Preissner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Viral Receptor ◽  
Consensus Motifs

The COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic struck health, social and economic systems worldwide, and represents an open challenge for scientists —coping with the high inter-individual variability of COVID-19, and for policy makers —coping with the responsibility to understand environmental factors affecting its severity across different geographical areas. Air pollution has been warned of as a modifiable factor contributing to differential SARS-CoV-2 spread but the biological mechanisms underlying the phenomenon are still unknown. Air quality and COVID-19 epidemiological data from 110 Italian provinces were studied by correlation analysis, to evaluate the association between particulate matter (PM)2.5 concentrations and incidence, mortality rate and case fatality risk of COVID-19 in the period 20 February–31 March 2020. Bioinformatic analysis of the DNA sequence encoding the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) was performed to identify consensus motifs for transcription factors mediating cellular response to pollutant insult. Positive correlations between PM2.5 levels and the incidence (r = 0.67, p < 0.0001), the mortality rate (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001) and the case fatality rate (r = 0.7, p < 0.0001) of COVID-19 were found. The bioinformatic analysis of the ACE-2 gene identified nine putative consensus motifs for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Our results confirm the supposed link between air pollution and the rate and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection and support the hypothesis that pollution-induced over-expression of ACE-2 on human airways may favor SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.

Leaching and Kinetic Modeling of Malaysian Low Grade Manganese Ore in Sulfuric Acids

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 629-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaina Ismail ◽  
Hashim Hussin ◽  
Syed Fuad Saiyid Hashim ◽  
Norazharuddin Shah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Kinetics ◽  
Product Layer ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Manganese Ore ◽  
Leaching Process ◽  
Mixed Control ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
And Diffusion

The leaching process of Malaysian low grade manganese ore (LGMO) using bamboo sawdust (BSD) as reducing agent in acidic medium (H2SO4) and the dissolution kinetics of this ore was investigated. Acid concentration, reaction temperature, and BSD loading were chosen as experimental parameters through application of response surface methodology (RSM). For analysis of the kinetic data in this study, the SCM with surface chemical reaction and diffusion through product layer, the mixed control modelled and also new variant SCM were evaluated. The reaction kinetics of this leaching process was determined, and it is observed that it fits the model of 1-23X-(1-X)23=kt with activation energy of 69.3kJ/mol. The reaction rate for LGMO leaching using BSD was found to be diffusion through product layer.

Theoretical design of MoO3-based high-rate lithium ion battery electrodes: the effect of dimensionality reduction

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (45) ◽  
pp. 19180-19188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengyu Li ◽  
Carlos R. Cabrera ◽  
Zhongfang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Theoretical Design ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Li Adsorption ◽  
And Diffusion

By means of density functional theory computations, we systematically investigated the behavior of lithium (Li) adsorption and diffusion on MoO3 with different dimensions: including three-dimensional (3D) bulk, two-dimensional (2D) double-layer, 2D monolayer and one-dimensional (1D) nanoribbons.

scholarly journals COVID-19: A positive prospect of pandemic situation

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 2912-2914
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Span

In 2019, human race again came across a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection viz. COVID-19 and along with its pandemic nature, caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and owes its emergence from the local seafood market of Wuhan city, China. Corona virus is currently prevalent all over the world wherein it caused infection in more than 1,30,000 individuals worldwide with mortality rate nearby 3% in approximately 120 countries within a short span of time and the infection due to this virus is still on a higher verge. Apart from this as per WHO report on air pollution revealed around 2.4 and 2.2 million deaths in South East Asian and Western Pacific regions respectively. Both conditions are deadly in their respective prospects, although lockdown, preventive measure which avoid spreading of COVID-19 infection, indirectly lead to significant drop down in air pollution globally. However, this effect is not permanent and it is for being a time but it develops a hope that together we can fight against both.

scholarly journals IMMEDIATE AND REMOTE RESULTS OF PALLIATIVE SURGERY IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
E. P Kulikov ◽  
M. E Ryazantsev ◽  
N. I Verkin ◽  
E. Yu Golovkin ◽  
M. A Porvatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Colon Resection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
One Year

The significance of the study is associated with the high level of the morbidity rate of colorectal cancer, generous amount of patients with the 4th stage and the necessity of the research of palliative surgical treatment. A retrospective analysis of 364 cases with metastatic colorectal cancer included 58 patients with palliative colon resection and 306 patients with bypass anastomosis and unloading stoma. Evaluated parameters are the frequency of postoperative complications, postoperative mortality rate, median survival and one-year survival. In the group of palliative resections the frequency of postoperative complications and postoperative mortality rate were 32.7% and 20.6%, in the group of symptomatic operations the same results were 12.1% and 8.8%. Median survival, one-year survival in the group of palliative resections are longer than in the group of symptomatic operations - 10.0 and 5.1 months, 37.0% and 18.3%, respectively (p < 0.05). However, after stratification of studied subgroups according to the sign of the presence or absence of post-operative chemotherapy the survival were shown to be higher in patients with chemotherapy and hardly depended on fact of the removal of the primary tumor. To our opinion the high rate of postoperative complications and the postoperative mortality rate after palliative resections of the colon can be corrected by more precise determination of indications to their performance in emergency surgery. The improvement in survival indices is associated with the execution of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

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