scholarly journals Application of Probit Analysis in the Decision of Youths to Participate in Vegetable Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nsikak-Abasi Etim ◽  
Dorothy Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
National Development ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Factors Affecting

Youths are successor farming generation and therefore the future of food security. At present, they constitute about 60% of Nigeria’s population and have over the years contributed significantly to national development. Unfortunately, the present environment makes it  difficult to explore their full potentials in  production through participation in agriculture. The ageing smallholder farmers are less likely to increase capacity needed to sustainably expand agricultural production. There is therefore a pressing need to engage the youth in ways that they can see a promising future in agriculture as well as influence them to build capacity through effective involvement in agricultural production. Several factors however, have continued to hinder capacity building and effective  participation of youths in vegetable farming. An empirical study was conducted to estimate the factors affecting the willingness  of youth to  participate in small scale waterleaf production. The representative waterleaf producers were selected using the multi stage sampling procedures.With the aid of questionnaire, primary data were obtained from 100 farmers. Univariate probit regression model was used to analyze the data. Results of analysis indicated that the most critical factors affecting the participation of youths in waterleaf production were age, educational qualification, size of household members, and farm income. Results indicated that youths who have acquired some form of education were more willing to be involved in waterleaf production. Findings further indicated that youth in families with higher income from farming activities were more willing to participate in waterleaf production.

scholarly journals Efficiency of small scale vegetable farms: policy implications for the rural poverty reduction in Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.B. Shrestha ◽  
W.-Ch. Huang ◽  
S. Gautam ◽  
T.G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Support Services ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Parametric Data

Poverty and hunger reduction are intertwined challenges and enduring issues in the world, particularly in developing countries. Improvement in the efficiency in vegetable farming helps the farmers increase the per capita income, reduce poverty and eventually improve the livelihood of smallholder farmers. This paper evaluates economic efficiency of vegetable farms in Nepal using a non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. The results show evidence to suggest that vegetable farms in Nepal have a considerable potential for improving the vegetable production efficiency with a greater access to improved seed, agricultural credit, and training and extension services. Some policies options with regard to the vegetable production technology, and support services for farmers in general and women farmers in particular, are suggested to increase the farm efficiency. While some of these support services are currently available, we suggest that a more focus be given to creating the improved market access, to the women focused extension, and to training packages for the sustainable production. These support services can lead to increases in the farm income and to reduce poverty.

scholarly journals Production Efficiency of Major Crops among Smallholders Farmers in Central Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masresha Y. Eskeziaw ◽  
Mengistu Ketema ◽  
Jema Haji ◽  
Ketema Bekele
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Programming Technique ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Economic Efficiencies

Agricultural production of most smallholders in Ethiopia is dependent with recurrent rainfall resulted in production variations. Limited input availability and precarious environmental conditions determine smallholders’ decisions on their production and the production efficiencies vary from farmer to farmer. This study was carried out with the aim of analyzing the technical, allocative and economic efficiencies of smallholder farmers in the production of major crops and their determinants in central Ethiopia, Oromia special zone surrounding Addis Ababa. Multistage sampling technique was employed to randomly and proportionally select 386 smallholders from ten PAs. Primary data were collected from smallholders through a semi structured questionnaire using face to face interview. Cross sectional data collected from sampled households in the study area were analyzed using mathematical and econometric methods. Mathematical programming technique selected for this study was Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) using linear programming technique assuming multi-input and multi-outputs were handled. Tobit regression model was regressed against the socioeconomic, demographic, and institutional variables that are expected to affect the technical, allocative and economic efficiencies of sampled households. The results of estimated efficiency scores show the mean technical, allocative and economic efficiencies were 0.75, 0.60 and 0.45 respectively. The mean scores of efficiencies show underutilization of resources and the possibilities of smallholders to increase their agricultural production by 25%, and reduce cost of production by 40% and total cost by 55%. Marital status, level of education, farming experience, access to credit, cooperative membership, access to farming information, and off/non-farm income has positive influence on the technical, allocative and economic efficiencies. While age of the household head, access to training and livestock size has negative relations to efficiencies. Delivery of agricultural inputs and trainings on time by the government is the key policy implication to improve the efficiencies of smallholders.  

scholarly journals Assessment of Intervention Strategies for Addressing Agricultural Production Shocks in Tanzania: The Case of Rufiji, Mbarali and Sumbawanga Districts

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Peter Samwel ◽  
Elliott P. Niboye
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Irrigation Technologies

This study sought to gain in-depth understanding into smallholder farmers’ perceptions of intervention strategies for addressing agricultural production shocks in Tanzania. It involved identification of local policy and intervention strategies that can be used to address agricultural production shocks and build resilience among smallholder farmers in Tanzania. The study employed mixed research methodology, using primary data collected from six villages in Sumbawanga, Mbarali and Rufiji districts in Tanzania. Overall findings reveal that smallholder farmers have good knowledge of possible strategies for addressing agricultural production shocks. The farmers recommended local policy and intervention strategies for supporting them such as facilitation of access to credit and subsidies, reinforcing and strengthening informal social networks, supporting income diversification activities and introduction of crop insurance system. Other intervention strategies include introduction of participatory village land use plans, promoting information access and training to smallholder farmers and enhancing access to small-scale irrigation technologies. Based on these findings, the study recommends that policy makers and researchers should concentrate on understanding farmers’ perceptions in view of using local knowledge in the design and implementation of intervention strategies. The strength of farmers’ perceptions is that it is the outcome of farmers’ actual experience, and it is based on understanding of the local context. .The paper concludes that unless the strategies are fully implemented, agricultural production shocks will continue to affect smallholder farmers in rural Tanzania.

scholarly journals Determinants of smallholder farmers’ participation in microfinance markets in Huye district, southern province, Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (07) ◽  
pp. 18319-18329
Author(s):  
Eularie Mutamuliza ◽  
◽  
K Vishwanatha ◽  
SR Mbaraka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Southern Province

Microfinance markets play a significant role in enhancing socio-economic development of developing countries. In Rwanda, access to microfinance in financing agriculture is very important for future development. Despite this development, smallholder farmers still have limited access to institutional financial services. This study assessed factors that affect smallholder farmers’ participation in microfinance markets in three sectors of Maraba, Mukura and Ngoma in Huye district in Southern province of Rwanda. Primary data were collected using questionnaires and personal interviews. A total of 300 respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique from participants and non-participants in microfinance markets. Data collected were analyzed through descriptive statistics and Probit regression model. Results from descriptive statistics revealed that major sources of income were farming and business activities. Findings revealed also that each household had an average of about five members with standard deviation of 1.901 and mean value of household land size of 1.87 ha with standards deviation of 0.758. Findings from Probit analysis revealed that household size, education, total annual income, cooperative membership, and household savings had a positive and significant effect on smallholder farmers’ participation in microfinance markets. Distance from microfinance institutions negatively influenced participation in microfinance markets. Households that were located far from to the microfinance institutions were less likely to participate in microfinance markets compared to those nearer to the institutions. This study recommends microfinance institutions in Rwanda to expand their financial systems to enable smallholder farmers access affordable agricultural finance. Further, there is need for microfinance institutions to create more awareness programs to help smallholder farmers get key information related to microfinance services. This is expected to influence smallholder farmers’ willingness to apply for microcredits for agricultural development. This will in the long-run help the smallholder farmers to adopt new practices and technologies thus increasing their agricultural production.

scholarly journals Analysis of Price Efficiency of Smallholder Farmers in Maize Production in Gudeya Bila District, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia: Stochastic, Dual Cost approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 21480-21487
Author(s):  
Tolesa Tesema Edosa ◽  
Temesgen Kebede ◽  
Zekarias Shumeta
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Tobit Model ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Price Efficiency ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
Positive Effect

Even if Ethiopia had adopted different strategy and policies the productivity of agricultural production is not as meet the demand of the peoples.  The aim of this study was to analyze productivity and price efficiency of smallholder farmers in maize production in the study area. To meet the stated objectives primary data were collected using structured questionnaires from 154 randomly selected sample households during the 2017/18 production year. Copdoglous production function was applied to analysis productivity where as dual cost is used to estimate price efficiency.  Tobit model was used to identify factors affecting price efficiency level. Price efficiency were 70.06%. Thus the results reveal exists considerable levels of price inefficiencies in maize production in study area. The Tobit model results revealed that livestock holding and participation in off/non-farm activities had positive effect and distance of maize plot from home were found to had negative effect on price efficiency The result indicated that there exists a room to increase the price efficiency of maize producers in the study area. For realizing significant price efficiency gains policies and strategies of the government should be directed towards increasing farmer’s livestock holding and promoting off/non-farm activities.

scholarly journals Determinants of Loan Repayment among Small Holder Cooperative Farmers in Remo Division, Ogun State, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
S. U. Isitor ◽  
A. O. Otunaiya ◽  
A. G. Adeyonu ◽  
E. F. Fabiyi
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Loan Repayment ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Loan Size ◽  
Small Holder

<p>This study investigated the factors that are crucial in improving small holder cooperative farmers’ loan repayment in Remo Division of Ogun state, Nigeria. Primary data used for the study were collected with the aid of well-structured questionnaire. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used to select the 120 respondents. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and probit regression model. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that about 56% of the respondents were able to repay their loans promptly while the rest were not. The respondents’ mean age stood at 47 years, the majority of them are males and married with fair level of education. The majority of smallholder farmers in the study area had been farming for more than 20 years, while the household size for the majority of them was 4-6 members with average family size of 5. The results of the probit regression analysis revealed that age, level of education, farming experience, net farm income and loan size obtained were the major factors that increase the likelihood of loan repayment, while the number of family dependants reduces the probability of repayment. To improve loan repayment ability in the study area, this study recommended improvement in human capacity development as well as sensitization of the farmers in the study area about the importance of education.</p>

An Investigation of Coping Strategies Adopted by Small-Scale Sugarcane Growers in Bungoma County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Protas Fwamba Khaemba ◽  
Philomena Muiruri ◽  
Thomas Kibutu
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sugarcane Farming ◽  
Income Generating Activities ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
By Products

This paper reports on one of the findings of a study undertaken to investigate the coping strategies used by small-scale sugarcane growers in Bungoma County, Kenya. A descriptive survey design was used. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in the selection of the divisions, villages, key respondents, and sugarcane farmers to be interviewed. Primary data were collected using questionnaires from 100 small-scale sugarcane growers’ household heads from Bumula Sub-County. Data were collected during the month of December 2016.  Qualitative data collected were analysed thematically. Quantitative data was analysed using regression in SPSS version 23 and Microsoft Excel. Results from small-scale sugarcane farmers in Bumula Sub-County revealed a declining farmers’ participation in sugarcane farming activities in the area. Coping strategies identified included off-farm income-generating activities, sale of sugarcane by-products and non-contracted cane farming. Significance test qualification was based on a percentage of adjusted R2 and within 0.3 to 0.7 ranges for Beta weight value.  The correlation coefficient (R-value) for the model was 0.362, indicating a moderately positive relationship between variables. The coefficient of determination (R2) was found to be 0.284 (28.4%). Adopted coping strategies accounted for 28.4% variability in the declining farmers’ participation in sugarcane farming. This result suggests the existence of other factors that explain the remaining 71.6% of the variation in the declining farmers’ participation. Farmers should enhance both on-farm and off-farm income-generating activities, sugarcane by-products value addition, and non-contracted cane farming in order to reverse the outcome and result in an enhanced farmers’ participation in sugarcane farming activities by 36.2%

scholarly journals Tribal womens involvement with pig farming in Bangladesh: an evidence of Moulvibazar district

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-127
Author(s):  
R Khanum ◽  
MSA Mahadi ◽  
MS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Model Average ◽  
Pig Farming ◽  
Benefit Cost

The study examined the profitability and factors affecting farm income from pig farming in Moulvibazar district of Bangladesh. A multistage sampling technique was followed to select 70tribal women entrepreneurs involved with pig farming. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, benefit-cost analysis, and linear regression model. Average age of pig entrepreneurs was 39.47 years which indicates that they are young and agile. About 71% of Garo entrepreneurs had experience for pig farming. The cost and return analysis showed that in one year, the gross margin was Tk. 56743.70, while the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was 1.19 indicating that the enterprise is profitable. Regression analysis revealed that three variables namely farm size, age of the respondent and experience of pig farming are significant factors affecting farm income. Thus, it was recommended that tribal women should be encouraged to practice pig farming to overcome their low income and unemployment situation.SAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 115-127 (2018)

scholarly journals Production Efficiency of Sorghum: The Case of Smallholder Farmers in Kafta-Humera District Tigray Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Tewoderos Meleaku ◽  
Degye Goshu ◽  
Bosena Tegegne
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sorghum Production

Efficiency is an important factor for increasing productivity which leads to increase market output to achieve the goal of food security. In economics where resources are scarce and opportunities to use new technologies are limited, increasing efficiency remains the most reasonable means to raise productivity without necessarily developing new technologies or increasing the resource base. So, this study aimed to investigate level of production efficiency, factors affecting production inefficiency of sorghum small holder farmers in Kafta-humera district of Tigray Ethiopia. A two stage sampling technique was used to select 289 sample farmers who were interviewed using a semi- structured questionnaire to obtain data pertaining to sorghum production during the year 2016/2017.Stochastic production frontier model was used to identify production efficiency levels, where as Tobit models was used to estimate factors affecting production efficiency levels. Accordingly, the mean technical, allocative and economic efficiencies were 78.01%, 65.21% and 39.91% respectively. This implies that output can be increased by 21.99% or cost can be reduced by 34.79% with the existing level of technology and resources. Input variables such as land, labor, tractor plow power, chemicals, DAP and Urea fertilizers positively affects production of sorghum. The discrepancy ratio (γ) implied that about 91.91% of the variation in sorghum production was attributed to technical inefficiency effects. Tobit model revealed that age, education, non-farm income, credit, extension service and training positively and significantly affected technical efficiency while age square and total livestock holding had negatively and significantly affected. Additionally, age square, education and frequency of farm visit positively and significantly affected allocative efficiency, while age, non-farm income, credit and extension contact have a negative and significant affect. Economic efficiency was positively and significantly affected by age, education, non-farm income, credit, extension contact and frequencies of farm visit but negatively affected by age square. These indicate that there is a room to increase in production efficiency of sorghum in the study area. Therefore, government authorities and other concerned bodies should take into consideration the above mentioned demographic, socioeconomic and institutional factors to increase efficiency of sorghum.

scholarly journals Smallholder Coffee Productivity as Affected by Socioeconomic Factors and Technology Adoption

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Wambua ◽  
Bernard M. Gichimu ◽  
Samuel N. Ndirangu
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Despite the increase in area under coffee in Kenya in the last decade, productivity has been on the decline. Numerous production technologies have been developed through on-station research but there has been limited on-farm research to assess the impact of these technologies at the farm level. On the other hand, smallholder farmers are endowed differently and this would positively or negatively affect the adoption of recommended technologies and hence coffee productivity. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of socioeconomic factors and technology adoption on smallholder coffee productivity at the farm level. The study employed stratified random sampling where 376 farmers were randomly sampled from six cooperative societies which had been preselected using probability proportional to the size sampling technique. The effects of socioeconomic factors and technology adoption on coffee productivity were analyzed using the stochastic Cobb-Douglas production function. The study revealed that off-farm income, access to credit, type of land tenure, and land size had significant positive effects on coffee productivity. Therefore, coffee farmers should be encouraged to diversify their income sources and to embrace credit financing, as the government reviews land use policies to avail adequate agricultural land. The study further revealed that the adoption of recommended application rates of manure, fungicides, and pesticides had significant positive effects on coffee productivity. The adoption of these technologies should therefore be enhanced among small-scale farmers to improve coffee productivity at the farm level.

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