scholarly journals Determinants of Loan Repayment among Small Holder Cooperative Farmers in Remo Division, Ogun State, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
S. U. Isitor ◽  
A. O. Otunaiya ◽  
A. G. Adeyonu ◽  
E. F. Fabiyi
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Loan Repayment ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Loan Size ◽  
Small Holder

<p>This study investigated the factors that are crucial in improving small holder cooperative farmers’ loan repayment in Remo Division of Ogun state, Nigeria. Primary data used for the study were collected with the aid of well-structured questionnaire. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used to select the 120 respondents. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and probit regression model. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that about 56% of the respondents were able to repay their loans promptly while the rest were not. The respondents’ mean age stood at 47 years, the majority of them are males and married with fair level of education. The majority of smallholder farmers in the study area had been farming for more than 20 years, while the household size for the majority of them was 4-6 members with average family size of 5. The results of the probit regression analysis revealed that age, level of education, farming experience, net farm income and loan size obtained were the major factors that increase the likelihood of loan repayment, while the number of family dependants reduces the probability of repayment. To improve loan repayment ability in the study area, this study recommended improvement in human capacity development as well as sensitization of the farmers in the study area about the importance of education.</p>

scholarly journals Application of Probit Analysis in the Decision of Youths to Participate in Vegetable Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nsikak-Abasi Etim ◽  
Dorothy Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
National Development ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Factors Affecting

Youths are successor farming generation and therefore the future of food security. At present, they constitute about 60% of Nigeria’s population and have over the years contributed significantly to national development. Unfortunately, the present environment makes it  difficult to explore their full potentials in  production through participation in agriculture. The ageing smallholder farmers are less likely to increase capacity needed to sustainably expand agricultural production. There is therefore a pressing need to engage the youth in ways that they can see a promising future in agriculture as well as influence them to build capacity through effective involvement in agricultural production. Several factors however, have continued to hinder capacity building and effective  participation of youths in vegetable farming. An empirical study was conducted to estimate the factors affecting the willingness  of youth to  participate in small scale waterleaf production. The representative waterleaf producers were selected using the multi stage sampling procedures.With the aid of questionnaire, primary data were obtained from 100 farmers. Univariate probit regression model was used to analyze the data. Results of analysis indicated that the most critical factors affecting the participation of youths in waterleaf production were age, educational qualification, size of household members, and farm income. Results indicated that youths who have acquired some form of education were more willing to be involved in waterleaf production. Findings further indicated that youth in families with higher income from farming activities were more willing to participate in waterleaf production.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Loan Repayment Rate from ACSI among Smallholder Farmers: In the case of Habru District, Eastern Amara Regional State, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andualem Kassegn ◽  
Ebrahim Endris
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Loan Repayment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Land Size ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Road Distance

Abstract This paper aims to examine factors affecting loan repayment rate from Amhara Credit and Saving Institutions (ACSI) among smallholder farmers in Habru district, Ethiopia. In this study, both primary and secondary data sources were used. The study employed a combination of multi-stage purposive and stratified sampling techniques in the selection of 384 borrowers from small-holder farmers in the study area. The Tobit model result found that a total of 10 out of the total 15 explanatory variables involved in the model were found to be statistically significant. According to the result demographic factors (age and household size), socio-economic factors (educational level, land size, livestock size, non-farm income, purpose of borrowing), and institutional factors (road distance, contact with development agents, training received on loan use) were among the factors that influenced loan repayment rate of small-holder borrowers in the study area. Education level, land size, livestock size in TLU, non-farm income, purpose of borrowing, contact with agricultural extension agents, and training received on loan use were found to determine loan repayment rate of borrowers positively and significantly, while age, family size, and road distance were found negatively and significantly determine loan repayment rate in the study area. Therefore, the overall result of this study underlined the great importance of the significant factors to profoundly achieve high repayment rate on borrowed funds from ACSI in the study area.

scholarly journals Credit Worthiness and Repayment Performance Among Small – Holder Farmers in Sri Lanka: Application of Probit Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
B. Sivatharshika ◽  
A. Thayaparan
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Loan Repayment ◽  
Small Holder Farmers ◽  
Credit Worthiness ◽  
Small Holder

The objective of the study is to examine the factors which determine the credit worthiness and loan repayment performance among the small-holder farmers in Vavuniya district in Sri Lanka. A sample of 113 small –holder agricultural loan borrowers from five villages who get the loans from SANASA TCCS served as the respondents in the study. A set of structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data from the respondents who lives in the five villages located in Marukkarambali GS division in Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka during the period of 2018/2019. The dependent variable is the credit worthiness measured as binary variables where it takes as one for defaulters and zero for non - defaulters and the selected demographic characters, farming characters and farmers’ attributes were taken as explanatory variables in the study. To identify the above characters on the credit worthiness of the farmers’ descriptive statistics, and binary probit model were employed. The results of the descriptive statistics revealed that, 43.4% of the respondents belonged to the defaulters while 56.6% of them belonged to the non – defaulters in the study. Estimated results of the probit model suggest that among the demographic characteristics, age of the farmers, levels of education, number of family members positively influenced the loan repayment performance of smallholder farmers, while among farming characters, income, farm size, land ownership, farming experience, off-farm activities, purpose of loan and possibility of crop failure were positively impact on credit worthiness and repayment performance at different significant levels. On the other hand, knowledge about the loan and responsible guarantors were the major factors of farmers’ attributes influencing the repayment performance in the study. The overall findings of the study may help to the farmers as well as to the micro finance institutions to predict the repayment behaviour of the new loan applicants and to make the decision to grant loans in future.

scholarly journals Challenges in marketing channel selection by smallholder pineapple growers in Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S5) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
A. Nahar ◽  
A.R. Saili ◽  
N.M. Hamzah ◽  
F. Abdul Fatah ◽  
Z. Yusop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Channel Selection ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income

Pineapples are very perishable and require an immediate sale to consumers. This has triggered the local growers to market their produce and rely on the middleman. Thus, this present study was conducted to identify the challenges that affect the marketing channel selection of smallholder pineapple growers in Samarahan, Sarawak. The primary data used for this study were collected from 123 smallholder pineapple growers using simple random sampling method with a well-structured close-ended questionnaire via face-toface survey. The descriptive analysis was used to describe the socio-demographic characteristics of the pineapple growers meanwhile exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using principal component analysis approach with orthogonal rotation (varimax) was used to reduce data to a smaller set of summary variables and to identify the structure of the relationship between the variables and the respondents. The findings revealed that five main challenges have caused pineapple growers to carefully select the marketing channel in marketing their produce namely; lack of market information; inefficient transportation; price volatility; market distance; and product perishability. Inadequate marketing information about supply and demand markets, potential buyers, bargaining, and negotiation have caused concerned for the pineapple growers to take the risk in marketing their produce to various customers. Lack of transportation facility and high transportation cost has caused the pineapple growers to sell their produce at the farm gate to reduce losses during the distribution channel. Moreover, the unstable pineapple price has created a risk to the growers due to its negative effect on farm income stability. Besides, the distance between farms and marketplace has significantly affected marketable surplus of pineapple fruits thus resorts to the growers to rely on the middleman to market their produce. Conclusively, all the challenges highlighted in this study should be given adequate attention by the relevant agencies to improve and continue their effective roles in the pineapple market and to enhance farmers’ livelihoods. This can be achieved by strengthening the fruit supply chain management, adopting comprehensive approaches such as policies, programs and strategies pertaining to the marketing of pineapple fruits that require a collective effort and commitment from the public and private sectors.

scholarly journals KORELASI TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN DENGAN PARTISIPASI PEMILIH PEMULA DALAM PEMILU NASIONAL SERENTAK 2019 DI KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HULU

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-320
Author(s):  
Yusnedi Yusnedi ◽  
Sabrina Utami
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Voter Participation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Level Of Education

  Abstract     This research is in Indragiri Hulu Regency, which is specialized in Rengat District. The purpose of this study is to determine how the correlation between the level of education with the participation of novice voters in the 2019 Election in Indragiri Hulu Regency. This research used quantitative methods, with descriptive analysis. The sample in this study were novice voters in Rengat District, Indragiri Hulu Regency, with total 1072 people. By using the Slovin formula, 91 samples were obtained. This research used primary data types. The analytical tool used in this study is by using Simple Linear Regression Analysis with the help of SPSS version 20. The results of this study indicate that the level of education has a correlation with the participation of novice voters in Rengat District, Indragiri Hulu Regency.   Keywords: Level Education, Novice Voter Participation, Election

scholarly journals Determinants of Market Outlet Choices by Smallholder Chickpea Farmers in Estie District Amhara Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chernet Worku Erkie ◽  
Marlign Adugna ◽  
Essa Chanie
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Multivariate Probit ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Multivariate Probit Model ◽  
Market Channel

Abstract In Ethiopia, chickpea is an important plus crop, particularly in Estie district. It is a source of food and provides cash income for majority of smallholder farmers. To commercialize chickpea producers, selecting an appropriate market channel is mandatory. However, selecting an appropriate market channel is not an easy task because there are different factors that affect market outlet choices in the district. Hence, this study aimed to identify factors that affecting chickpea market outlet choices. Both primary & secondary sources of data were used. A two-stage random sampling procedure was used and a total of 122 smallholder farmers were randomly and proportionally selected to collect primary data. Multivariate probit model was employed to identify factors affecting chickpea market outlet choices. The result shows that five major chickpea marketing channels were identified and among them wholesalers and retailers purchased about (61.84%) and (18.2%) respectively. The estimation result of multivariate probit model showed that the likelihood of sampled households to select collectors, consumers, retailers and wholesalers were 25.3%, 35.4%, 30.5% and 36%, respectively. The joint probability of success and failure to select all market outlets was 0.01537% and 13.4% respectively. It also indicated that sex of household, education status, family size, off-farm income, access to credit; lagged price and distance to market significantly affected the market channel choice decision of producers. Based on the findings, Government and concerned stakeholders need to focus more on enhancing accessibility of infrastructures facilities, strengthening credit access and improving yield through extension service to accelerate selecting appropriate market channel.

scholarly journals Crop diversification analysis on red pepper dominated smallholder farming system: evidence from northwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Birara Dessie ◽  
Tadie Mirie Abate ◽  
Taye Melese Mekie ◽  
Yigrem Mengist Liyew
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Smallholder Farming

Abstract Background Ethiopia is the homeland of various crops due to its diverse and suitable agro-ecological zones. As a result, smallholder farmers grow multiple crops on a small piece of land both for consumption and commercial purposes in different portions of Ethiopia, including the northwestern part of the country. However, crop diversification status and extent of farmers were not well understood. Therefore, this study examined determinants of crop diversification in a pepper-dominated smallholder farming system in northwest Ethiopia. Methods Primary data was collected through a semi-structured interview schedule administered on 385 crop producers selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Moreover, the survey was supplemented by using secondary data, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Methods such as the descriptive, inferential statistics, and econometrics model were used for analyzing the data. Results The average crop diversification index was 0.77, and most smallholder farmers (92.46%) used crop diversification as a strategy for risk reduction, nutritional improvement, consumption, and commercial needs. Moreover, the Tobit model result revealed that the status and intensity of crop diversification were significantly influenced by farmland, sex, age, land fragmentation, distance to development center, market distance, and non-/off-farm income participation. Conclusion Generally, most farm households used crop diversification as a norm and best strategy for minimizing risk, income source, nutritional and livelihood improvement. Therefore, crop producers, agricultural experts, the Ethiopian government, and partner organizations should give special attention to extension service, market, and infrastructure development to enhance the role of agricultural diversification for households.

scholarly journals Willingness to pay for Rainfall based Insurance by Smallholder Farmers in Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia: The Case of Dugda and Mieso Woredas

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-152
Author(s):  
Hiwot Teshome Abebe ◽  
Ayalneh Bogale
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Insurance Premium ◽  
Tobit Model ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Income Variability ◽  
Risk Insurance ◽  
Small Holder

Current climate variability is already imposing significant challenge to Ethiopia. Therefore,  farmers  have  faced  income  variability  in  almost  every  production  season. Problems associated with dependence on rain fed agriculture are common in Ethiopia. Smallholder farmers’ vulnerability from such income variability is also common. Over the years, a range of risk management strategies have been used to reduce, or to assist farmers to absorb, some of these risks. Since insurance is potentially an important instrument to transfer part of the risk, this study try to describe the nature of weather related risks faced by smallholder farmers, assess small holder farmers willingness to pay for the rainfall risk insurance and examine factors that affect the maximum farmers are willing to pay for the rainfall risk insurance. The data was collected from 161 sample households from the two woredas of the study area using closed ended value elicitation format followed by open ended follow up questions. The study uses Logit model to estimate the mean willingness to pay in the close ended format in addition with Tobit model to examine factors that affecting small holder farmer willingness to pay as well as intensity of payment. The mean willingness to pay values are found to be 129.98 and 183.41 birr per hectare for the open and close ended formats respectively. The total willingness to pay for the study area was found to be birr 5,740,244 per year. The tobit model shows six potential explanatory variables affect the willingness to pay value. Income of household and ownership of radio have positive and significant effect on the value of willingness to pay, whereas off-farm income, age of household head, number of livestock owning and availability of public and private gifts have negative and significant effect on willingness to pay value. If the rainfall risk insurance premium is affordable and households have enough information about the service they are willing to pay for the service. Eventually policy makers need to be aware that socio-economic and institutional characteristics of households influence the willingness to pay for rainfall risk insurance services.

scholarly journals Determinants of aggregate agricultural productivity among high external input technology farms in a harsh macroeconomic environment of Imo state, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (60) ◽  
pp. 8238-8248
Author(s):  
SO Anyanwu
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Negative Sign ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Imo State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Macroeconomic Environment

The main purpose of this study was to isolate and discuss the determinants of aggregate agricultural productivity in an environment where policy on subsidy of fertilizer is inconsistent. The study examined determinants of aggregate agricultural productivity among HEIT farmers in Imo State, in order to provide information on those variables that play significant roles in determining the aggregate agricultural productivity in an environment where HEIT inputs such as inorganic fertilizer are not subsidized. Cross - sectional data generated from 80 smallholder farmers who practiced HEIT, randomly selected from 2 out of the 3 agricultural zones in Imo State were used. Multiple regressions was used in analyzing the data. Results showed that farm sizes, capital input, number of crops planted in a mixture in the farm, labour input, expenditure on planting materials, non farm income, distance to the nearest market, level of education and farming experience are the statistically significant determinants of aggregate agricultural productivity among HEIT users in a harsh macroeconomic environment of Imo State, Nigeria. The negative sign on man days of labour and expenditure on planting materials may suggest that a reduction in the current level of use of these inputs may increase aggregate agricultural productivity in Imo state. The negative sign associated with non farm income may imply that if more time is allotted to non farm activities less time would be available for allocation to farming activities which may reduce aggregate agricultural productivity. It is, therefore, recommended that appropriate policies be put in place by the government to increase the farm sizes through re-examination of the existing land laws. Credit liberalization in favour of HEIT farmers is expected to increase their labour and capital inputs while mass literacy and increase in extension contacts will increase their level of education. Credit facilities for the smallholder farmers should be skewed in favour of farmers with more years of farming experience and levels of education. Furthermore, improved planting materials should be made available to the HEIT smallholder farmers in the country, if aggregate agricultural productivity is to be increased under the prevailing macroeconomic environment.

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