scholarly journals Forces of modernization and the welfare of rural households: a saga of a village in Central Luzon, 1977-2013

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Mark Quimba ◽  
Jonna Estudillo
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Telecommunication Systems ◽  
Land Frontier

This study aims to give a detailed account of how household sources of livelihood, income, and poverty change under the pressure of four modernizing forces: (1) population pressure on closed land frontier; (2) implementation of land reform; (3) expansion of public infrastructures such as irrigation systems, roads, and schools; and (4) growing urban influences accelerated by improvements in transportation and telecommunication systems. This study was conducted in a village in Central Luzon where recurrent household surveys were done for 36 years from 1977 to 2013 encompassing the period of dramatic diffusion of modern rice technology. The major finding is that the interaction between the four modernizing forces and the diffusion of modern rice technology resulted in major economic and social changes that led to a rise in household income and prevented poverty from increasing. This study provides evidence contrary to the popular belief that the spread of modern agricultural technology and the encroachment of market activities into rural villages are harmful to the economic welfare of the rural Filipino people.

scholarly journals A socio-economic history of a village in Central Luzon: Thirty-six years of household survey, 1977-2013

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-70
Author(s):  
Francis Mark Quimba ◽  
Jonna Estudillo
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Telecommunication Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Land Frontier

This study aims to give a detailed account of how household sources of livelihood, income, and poverty change under the pressure of four modernizing forces: (1) population pressure on closed land frontier; (2) implementation of land reform; (3) expansion of public infrastructures such as irrigation systems, roads, and schools; and (4) growing urban influences accelerated by improvements in transportation and telecommunication systems. This study was conducted in a village in Central Luzon where recurrent household surveys were done for 36 years from 1977 to 2013 encompassing the period of dramatic diffusion of modern rice technology. The major finding is that the interaction between the four modernizing forces and the diffusion of modern rice technology resulted in major economic and social changes that led to a rise in household income and prevented poverty from increasing. This study provides evidence contrary to the popular belief that the spread of modern agricultural technology and the encroachment of market activities into rural villages are harmful to the economic welfare of the rural Filipino people.

scholarly journals Adoption of improved agricultural technology and its impact on household income: a propensity score matching estimation in eastern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muluken G. Wordofa ◽  
Jemal Y. Hassen ◽  
Getachew S. Endris ◽  
Chanyalew S. Aweke ◽  
Dereje K. Moges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Adoption of improved agricultural technologies remains to be a promising strategy to achieve food security and poverty reduction in many developing countries. However, there are limited rigorous impact evaluations on the contributions of such technologies on household welfare. This paper investigates the impact of improved agricultural technology use on farm household income in eastern Ethiopia. Methods Primary data for the study was obtained from a random sample of 248 rural households, 119 of which are improved technology users and the rest are non-users. The research employed the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) procedure to establish the causal relationship between adoption of improved crop and livestock technologies and changes in farm income. Results Results from the econometric analysis show that households using improved agricultural technologies had, on average, 23,031.28 Birr (Birr is the official currency of Ethiopia. The exchange rate according to the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) was 1 USD = 27.6017 Birr on 04 October 2018.) higher annual farm income compared to those households not using such technologies. Our findings highlight the importance of promoting multiple and complementary agricultural technologies among rural smallholders. Conclusions We suggest that rural technology generation, dissemination and adoption interventions be strengthened. Moreover, the linkage among research, extension, universities and farmers needs to be enhanced through facilitating a multistakeholders innovation platforms.

scholarly journals Kontribusi dan Motivasi Keluarga Korban Bencana Sigi dalam Beternak Ayam KUB Bantuan BALITBANGTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Mardiana Dewi ◽  
Masyitah Muharni ◽  
Wardi Wardi ◽  
Heni Sulistyawati Purwaning Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
The Government ◽  
Central Sulawesi

The natural disasters of the earthquake, liquefaction, and tsunami that occurred on September 28,2018 in Palu, Sigi, and Donggala have caused damage and even loss of residence and property ofthe people in the region. Agricultural land which was a source of livelihood could not be reused.During the recovery phase in the aftermath of natural disasters, the government andhumanitarian agencies could rebuild facilities and infrastructure including the economy ofdisaster victims. Central Sulawesi Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT)participated in the socio-economic recovery of natural disaster victims in Sigi Regency through thedevelopment of superior BALITBANGTAN (KUB) chicken based on native households in temporaryshelters in Jono Oge Village, Sigi Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine thecontribution and motivation of Sigi disaster victims in raising KUB chickens based on households.The contribution of raising KUB chicken was calculated from the percentage of KUB chicken tototal household income while motivation was measured by the scoring method using a Likert scale.Based on the results of the assessment, it was concluded that the income of victims of naturaldisasters at the Jono Oge Village in Sigi Regency had contribution contribution of raising KUBchickens based on households was 8.08% categorized at <Rp1,500,000.00 and 4.21% categorize atRp1,500,000.00 - Rp2,500,000.00. The motivation of natural disaster victims for raising KUBchickens was on the ease of sales and maintenance.

MOHAMMAD GHOLI MAJD, Resistance to the Shah: Landowners and the Ulama in Iran (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000). Pp. 426. $49.95 cloth.

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-156
Author(s):  
Afshin Marashi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Agrarian Sector ◽  
Look Back ◽  
History Of

If the history of the Middle East in the 20th century is a history of fundamental social changes and dislocations, then surely one important part of that story is the transformation that took place in the agrarian sector of many Middle Eastern societies. The politics of landownership and the projects of land reform in the 20th century were indeed among the most ambitious of the statist projects undertaken during what we can now look back on as the “age of modernization.” Like so many large-scale projects of social engineering, land reform in the Middle East captured the optimism and idealism of modernization while producing some of its most brutal and unforeseen consequences.

HOW WILL THE LAND REVENUE POLICY REFORM AFFECT CHINA’S ECONOMY? A SIMULATION ANALYSIS BASED ON GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
HAISHENG HU ◽  
WANHAO DONG ◽  
CHIEN-LUNG HSU ◽  
JIUN-NAN PAN
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Negative Impact

The aim of this paper is to simulate the effect of land revenue policy reform in China under the shock of tax policy reform. To this end, this research has built a computable general equilibrium model and collected data from China’s input–output table for 2017 to construct the China land revenue social accounting matrix for 2017. Five scenarios of land reform policy have been considered. The first scenario concerns a reduction in the construction land supply; the simulation shows that the reform will lead to increasing real estate prices, which will result in a crowding-out effect for the manufacturing industry. The second scenario involves levying a property tax nationwide, which will restrain the trend of the increase in the real estate price and increase the local governments’ revenue, although household income and economic growth will be restrained. The third scenario has to do with a reduction in the deed tax. The simulation shows that this reform can alleviate the negative impact on the economy. The fourth scenario is related to a combination of the first and second scenarios, which will lead to a decrease in employment demand and an increase in land financial revenue. Finally, the fifth scenario is also a combined policy involving the first, second and third scenarios, which will result in higher urban and rural household income than the fourth scenario.

Food Crop Production, Nutrient Availability, and Nutrient Intakes in Bangladesh: Exploring the Agriculture—Nutrition Nexus with the 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Expenditure Survey ◽  
Food Crop Production ◽  
Farming Households

Background Systematic collection of national agricultural data has been neglected in many low- and middle-income countries for the past 20 years. Commonly conducted nationally representative household surveys collect substantial quantities of highly underutilized food crop production data. Objective To demonstrate the potential usefulness of commonly available household survey databases for analyzing the agriculture—nutrition nexus. Methods Using household data from the 2010 Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey, the role and significance of crop selection, area planted, yield, nutrient production, and the disposition of 34 food crops in affecting the adequacy of farming households' nutrient availability and nutrient intake status are explored. The adequacy of each farming household's available energy, vitamin A, calcium, iron, and zinc and households' apparent intakes and intake adequacies are estimated. Each household's total apparent nutrient intake adequacies are estimated, taking into account the amount of each crop that households consume from their own production, together with food purchased or obtained from other sources. Results Even though rice contains relatively small amounts of micronutrients, has relatively low nutrient density, and is a relatively poor source of nutrients compared with what other crops can produce on a given tract of land, because so much rice is produced in Bangladesh, it is the source of 90% of the total available energy, 85% of the zinc, 67% of the calcium, and 55% of the iron produced by the agricultural sector. The domination of agriculture and diet by rice is a major constraint to improving nutrition in Bangladesh. Simple examples of how minor changes in the five most common cropping patterns could improve farming households' nutritional status are provided. Conclusions Household surveys' agricultural modules can provide a useful tool for better understanding national nutrient production realities and possibilities.

scholarly journals The effects of rural development on main sources of farm households

2021 ◽  
Vol 892 (1) ◽  
pp. 012089
Author(s):  
Sumaryanto ◽  
S H Susilowati ◽  
Saptana ◽  
Ashari ◽  
E Suryani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Basic Infrastructure

Abstract In line with the development of the rural villages, rural employment changes. Consequently, the job opportunities of some farmers will also change. This study aims to estimate the effect of rural development and some other factors on the primary source of household income of farmers in several agroecosystems. The data analyzed were the 2013 Agricultural Census, Village Potential and “PATANAS” data. The results showed that farmers’ opportunity of leaving agriculture as the main source of household income increased if cultivated land was smaller and the inequality of landholding in the village increased. In the set of variables that determine rural development, improvements in the dimensions of basic services and basic infrastructure of non-accessibility/transportation positively affect the opportunities of farmers’ households to make non-agricultural work as their source of income. Improvements in the accessibility/transportation dimension, on the other hand, strengthen the ability of farm households to rely on agriculture as a source of household income. Based on the research results, increasing the agricultural sector as a significant contributor to farmer household income can be achieved by increasing accessibility/transportation facilities and improving the distribution of cultivated land.

scholarly journals Self-Assessment Of Households Economic Welfare As A Manifestation Of Adjustment To Transition And European Integration Processes In The Case Of Estonia

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiiu Paas ◽  
Andres Vork ◽  
Nancy J. Scannell
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Ordered Probit ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Normal Life ◽  
Per Capita

This paper analyzes Estonian households' perception of welfare, including the determinants and dynamics of said perception under transition. Data from the Estonian Household Income and Expenditures Survey 2000 and 2001 are used to construct samples. Ordered probit and linear regression models are employed to investigate the determinants of the self-assessed economic situations and income levels as determined to be necessary by households for conducting normal life. The income level perceived by households as necessary to conduct normal life is found to vary substantially depending on a given households actual income and other extant household characteristics. This indicates that factors other than income per capita alone are relevant for understanding households welfare and their perception of normal life, and, hence, should be among the targets of social policy and factored into the development strategies of Estonias social protection system.

Gender and Use of E-Government Services in Turkey

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tekin Kose
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Government Services ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter investigates the relationship between gender and use of e-government services in Turkey. Based on household surveys, probit regression models are estimated to quantify determinants of e-government use for Turkish citizens. Empirical findings imply that there is a gender gap in use of e-government services. Turkish females are less likely to employ e-government tools compared to Turkish males. Household income, education level, being employed, and frequency of internet use are positively correlated with probability of e-government use for Turkish individuals. Finally, age demonstrates negative association with use of online government services. As the individual gets older, probability of using e-government platforms decreases. Thus, the digital divide prevails among Turkish citizens and should be addressed by policymakers.

Natural resource degradation effects of poverty and population growth are largely policy-induced: the case of Colombia

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Heath ◽  
Hans Binswanger
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Natural Resource Use ◽  
Resource Degradation ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTThe sustainability of natural resource use is influenced by population pressure, but this exercises a much less critical impact than the overall policy framework. In Colombia, various agricultural and other policies whose effect is to constrain the poor's access to land encourage environmental degradation. A case is made in favour of the new land reform process that Colombia is launching.

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