Gender and Use of E-Government Services in Turkey

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tekin Kose
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Government Services ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter investigates the relationship between gender and use of e-government services in Turkey. Based on household surveys, probit regression models are estimated to quantify determinants of e-government use for Turkish citizens. Empirical findings imply that there is a gender gap in use of e-government services. Turkish females are less likely to employ e-government tools compared to Turkish males. Household income, education level, being employed, and frequency of internet use are positively correlated with probability of e-government use for Turkish individuals. Finally, age demonstrates negative association with use of online government services. As the individual gets older, probability of using e-government platforms decreases. Thus, the digital divide prevails among Turkish citizens and should be addressed by policymakers.

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to foreigners and attitudes towards equal opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pecoraro ◽  
Didier Ruedin
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Occupational Level ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Job Prospects

Abstract We examine the relationship between attitudes to foreigners and the share of foreigners at the occupational level. Using a question on equal opportunities for foreigners from the Swiss Household Panel, ordered probit regression models show a negative association between the share of foreigners in one’s occupation and positive attitudes to foreigners: workers seem to react to competition with foreigners. When we add the occupational unemployment rate, objective pressures in the labour market appear as relevant as contact at the occupational level. Further controlling for occupational heterogeneity establishes that both factors—particularly objective pressures—are probably accounted for by sorting on job quality. We also show that the association between the occupational share of foreigners and attitudes decreases for workers with better job prospects. This implies that workers welcome foreigners to overcome labour market shortages.

scholarly journals PARTISIPASI PETANI DALAM PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN USAHA AGRIBISNIS PEDESAAN (PUAP) DI KECAMATAN ADILUWIH KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Rika ES Sitompul ◽  
Kordiyana K Rangga ◽  
Begem Viantimala
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Average Household Income ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
The Relationship

The objectives of this research are to know the participation of farmers in PUAP program, factors related to farmers’ participation in PUAP program, and farmers’ income. This research was conducted in Bandung Baru Village of Adiluwih District, Pringsewu Regency. The sampling used was proportional random sampling with total of 81 farmers. The research was conducted in October - December 2016. The research method is a survey. The relationship between the variables was tested using Rank Spearman correlation test. The results showed that farmers' participation in the PUAP program was quite active, factors related to farmers’ participation were age, education level, length of farming experience, and cultivated land area.  Average household income of farmers in Bandung Baru Village Adiluwih District Pringsewu Regency each year is Rp67.633.851. Key words: income, participation, PUAP program

scholarly journals Exploring the Impact of Internet Use on Memory and Attention Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9481
Author(s):  
Josh A. Firth ◽  
John Torous ◽  
Joseph Firth
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The rapid uptake of the internet has provided a new platform for people to engage with almost all aspects of life. As such, it is currently crucial to investigate the relationship between the internet and cognition across contexts and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms driving this. We describe the current understanding of this relationship across the literature and outline the state of knowledge surrounding the potential neurobiological drivers. Through focusing on two key areas of the nascent but growing literature, first the individual- and population-level implications for attention processes and second the neurobiological drivers underpinning internet usage and memory, we describe the implications of the internet for cognition, assess the potential mechanisms linking brain structure to cognition, and elucidate how these influence behaviour. Finally, we identify areas that now require investigation, including (i) the importance of the variation in individual levels of internet usage, (ii) potential individual behavioural implications and emerging population-level effects, and the (iii) interplay between age and the internet–brain relationships across the stages of development.

Educational Attainment and the Gender Gap in Childcare in Canada: A Decomposition Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Buchanan ◽  
Adian McFarlane ◽  
Anupam Das
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Using the 2010 General Social Survey in Time Use (Canadian Time Diary data set, N = 1782), we explore the relationship between the education level of couples and the time they spend on childcare. We find that fathers and mothers with higher levels of educational attainment spend more time parenting children. However, the education childcare gradient is stronger for mothers than fathers. Consequently, the gender gap in childcare is much greater for couples with more educational attainment. The Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition results of these gender gaps by education level suggest very little can be attributed to how mothers and fathers at different levels of education differ on demographic and workplace characteristics. We argue that the differences in parenting time accompanying socio-economic status are more likely attributed to differences in parenting values. JEL Classifications: I24, J13, J16, C10

scholarly journals Research on the Relationship between the Individual Characteristics of Electric Bike Riders and Illegal Speeding Behavior: A Questionnaire-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changxi Ma ◽  
Jibiao Zhou ◽  
Dong Yang ◽  
Yuanyuan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Theory Of Elasticity ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electric Bike

To examine the relationship between electric bike riders’ individual characteristics and their riding speed, this paper obtained 350 valid survey responses from e-bike riders using an on-site sampling survey method. Using the non-aggregate theory, we take the individual attributes of the rider’s age, driving age, personality, and corrective vision as potential influencing factors. The metric model of the influencing factors of the rider’s personal characteristics on riding speed is established, and we analyze the sensitivity of many influencing factors by using the theory of elasticity. The results show that the absolute value of the elasticity value corresponding to the rider’s gender, age, corrected visual acuity, and other factors is less than 1, which indicates that the above factors have no flexibility regarding the rider’s riding speed selection behavior. However, in four selection intervals, the elasticity values of the rider’s education level are 1.577, 2.484, 1.810, and 1.667; those of their driving age are −1.537, −2.061, −1.547, and −1.606, and those of their riding proficiency are 3.302, 12.038, 10.370, and 11.177, which indicate that the three factors of rider’s education level, driving age, and riding proficiency have a significant impact on the riding speed choice behavior. The finding of the study is helpful for the relevant government departments to formulate more accurate classified intervention measures, and effectively prevent the occurrence of illegal speeding behavior.

scholarly journals Education and Poverty Relationship in Punjab

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maninder S. Sarkaria ◽  
Shiwani Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

<div><p><em>As education is being increasingly promulgated as an effective tool to reduce poverty, it is pivotal to evaluate the impact of different levels of education on poverty. This chapter analyzes the relationship between education and poverty in Punjab, using data from the primary survey of 1520 households collected over 2008-2010 from rural and urban habitations. Analysis has been done at the household as well as the individual level. Apart from making simple comparisons between standard of living, income and education level, logistic regression has been employed to sort out the determinants of poverty.</em></p><p><em>Standard of living and PCI are positively associated with education level at the household as well as the individual level, implying improvement in educational attainments reduces the likelihood of being poor. The results of logistic regression are in line with the generally accepted theory that educational attainment is critical in declining the incidence of poverty and should be given due consideration in implementing poverty alleviation programs. As one would expect, experience is negatively related with poverty status. </em></p></div>

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

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